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Denudation process of crystalline nappes in a continental collision zone constrained by inversion of fission-track data and thermokinematic forward modeling; An Example from Eastern Nepalese Himalaya

Nakajima, Toru   ; Kawakami, Tetsuo*; Iwano, Hideki*; Danhara, Toru*; Sakai, Harutaka*

The thermochronological methods were applied to the Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) nappe and the underlying Lesser Himalayan sediments (LHS) to elucidate the denudation process of the middle- and upper-crust of eastern Nepal over the geological time scale. The thermochronological inverse analysis was undertaken for new results of fission-track (FT) age and FT length data of zircon and apatite in order to reconstruct the time-temperature (${it t-T}$) paths in the temperature range of 60-350 degree. Eight ${it t-T}$ paths obtained along the across-strike section showed that the cooling process of the HHC nappe was characterized by following three aspects: (1) gradual cooling followed by rapid cooling and subsequent gradual cooling, (2) northward-younging of the timing of the rapid cooling, (3) gradual cooling followed by ca. 2 Myr rapid cooling in the frontmost part of the HHC nappe. The observed FT ages and ${it t-T}$ paths were then compared with those predicted by forward thermokinematic modeling. The results of the thermokinematic modeling for the Flat-Ramp-Flat MHT model, in which the HHC and the underlying LHS are denudated accompanied with the movement of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), well reproduced the observed ${it t-T}$ paths and FT ages in eastern Nepal. This suggests that the observed FT ages and ${it t-T}$ paths reflect a denudation process driven by the movement of the MHT showing the flat-ramp-flat geometry, and that the denudation rate and its spatial distribution have roughly been constant in eastern Nepal since ca. 9 Ma.

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Category:Geochemistry & Geophysics

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