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数値解析によるレーザー焼入れ伝熱メカニズム解明と焼入れ深さ向上の実験的評価

Evaluation on laser quenching heat transfer mechanism using numerical method and improvement of quenching depth

北川 義大; 白濱 卓馬*; 木曽原 直之 ; 坪井 昭彦 

Kitagawa, Yoshihiro; Shirahama, Takuma*; Kisohara, Naoyuki; Tsuboi, Akihiko

レーザーを用いた焼入れ処理は、短時間かつ局所的に熱処理が可能であり、冷却材を必要としない特長がある。しかし、高周波焼入れなど従来の焼入れ方法と比較し、焼入れ深さが0.5mm$$sim$$0.7mmと浅く、用途が限られていた。本研究では、レーザー照射過程における材料内部の伝熱現象を数値解析にてシミュレーションすることで、より深い焼入れを得られる条件を実験的に評価した。その結果、低出力・低速度条件にて深さ方向への伝熱効果が得られ、焼入れ深さを向上できることがわかった。ただし、冷却材を使用しないことから、入熱が深くなることで冷却速度が低下し、焼入れ最深部にて必要な組織変化が得られず、硬度低下が生じた。そこで、非溶融かつ十分な冷却速度を確保するため、複数回の連続照射を実施し、最大1.4mmの焼入れ深さを達成することができた。

Laser scanning quenching is a locally and rapidly heat-treated process and has an advantage of no coolant required. Compared with conventional technique such as induction quenching, the region of laser quenching is about 0.5$$sim$$0.7mm in depth and it needs to be expanded for more applications or durability. For this purpose, the temperature distributions and transitions in materials during laser irradiation have been revealed by using a 3D heat transfer computer code, micro-structural observation and hardness transitions in depth direction. The results indicate the laser irradiation with low power and low scan speed condition allows deeper quenching area, but it also suggests the hardness of the deepest quenching area is degraded due to slow temperature decreasing rate after laser heat scanning. Multiple times continuous irradiation have been proposed and studied to resolve this hardness degradation, and maximum quenching depth of 1.4mm is obtained under three times irradiation and controlling its power and scan speed properly.

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