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廃炉や廃止措置における空気中放射性物質濃度のその場測定に向けた$$alpha$$線用ダストモニタの高度化

Improvement of alpha aerosol monitor for in-situ measurement of airborne radioactive concentration in decommissioning

坪田 陽一   ; 本田 文弥; 吉田 将冬; 中川 貴博 ; 玉熊 佑紀*; 床次 眞司*; 池田 篤史  

Tsubota, Yoichi; Honda, Fumiya; Yoshida, Masato; Nakagawa, Takahiro; Tamakuma, Yuki*; Tokonami, Shinji*; Ikeda, Atsushi

福島第一原子力発電所(1F)における燃料デブリの本格取り出し時のデブリ切断や核燃料施設の廃止措置における核燃料付着物の解体においては、大量の放射性微粒子の飛散が想定される。特に$$alpha$$核種を含む粒子($$alpha$$エアロゾル)は吸入時の実効線量係数が非常に高いため、適切な管理測定が必要となる。従来型のSi半導体を用いたダストモニタでは耐湿性や耐ノイズ性、ろ紙の目詰まり等の課題があった。我々は、高濃度の$$alpha$$エアロゾルの発生箇所近傍でのモニタリングを実現するために、捕集ろ紙を使わず、扁平型流路入口を加熱し、エアロゾルを乾燥させたうえでエアロゾルからの$$alpha$$線をシンチレータと多チャンネル光電子増倍管にて直接計測するダストモニタを設計し、構成部品類の改良を実施している。本件においては、種々の基礎試験の結果とともに、空気乾燥による粒径変化や1Fへの現場実装を目指した検出部の給電方法の改善等に関して報告する。

A large amount of radioactive aerosols are expected to be dispersed fuel during debris cutting during large-scale retrieval of fuel debris at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (1F) and dismantling of nuclear fuel attachments during decommissioning of nuclear fuel facilities. Particulates containing $$alpha$$-nuclides ($$alpha$$-aerosols) in particular have very high effective dose coefficients upon inhalation, therefore appropriate control and measurements are required. Conventional dust monitors using SSBD have difficulties with moisture resistance, noise resistance, and clogging of filter paper. We have designed and prototyped an $$alpha$$-aerosol monitor that directly measures $$alpha$$-rays from aerosols using a scintillator and a multi-channel photomultiplier tube after drying the aerosols by heating the flat channel inlet without using a collecting filter paper in order to realize monitoring near the point where highly concentrated $$alpha$$-aerosols are generated. In this presentation, we report on the results of basic performance evaluations, the change in particle size due to air drying, and the improvement of the power supply method of the detection unit for on-site implementation at 1F.

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