処分場の性能評価モデル構築のための地形情報の整備,2; 流域形状による流出指標データの整備

Topographic Information for the development of a model to evaluate the performance assessment of a HLW disposal repository, 2; Runoff index based on catchment area geometry

川村 淳; 西山 成哲  ; 小松 哲也  ; Jia, H.*; 景山 宗一郎*; 小泉 由起子*; 中西 利典*

Kawamura, Makoto; Nishiyama, Nariaki; Komatsu, Tetsuya; Jia, H.*; Kageyama, Soichiro*; Koizumi, Yukiko*; Nakanishi, Toshimichi*

高レベル放射性廃棄物の地層処分事業や安全規制において、地層処分のサイト選定や安全評価における重要な隆起・侵食に関する調査・評価技術における課題の一つとして、遠い将来において主に河川下刻による地形の変化が地下の地質環境に与える変化やその影響について、定量的評価を可能にする必要がある。地質環境条件のうち、地下水の涵養域や流出域の変化は、地表水の地下への浸透または地下水の地表への流出と流向が変化することにもなるため性能評価モデル構築の際に重要となる。今回は流域面積の大小や隆起速度の異なる河川を選定し、それぞれの河川の地形特徴量の計測対象となる流域区分した。区分された流域について10項目の地形特徴量を計測し、地形特徴量の変化傾向についてデータ化した。また、表面流出の流れ易さ・流れ難さを表す指標として定義された「流出指標」も算出し河川下刻が地形に与える影響を推定し可視化した。検討対象とした河川について、地形特徴量のうち地形の険しさの指標となる「流域平均侵食高」、「地形の煩雑さ」、「流域起伏数」の主成分得点の高い区分流域が中上流部に集中する傾向がみられた。流出指標については標高が高い区分流域が集中する領域が高い傾向にあることが示された。この傾向は一般的な理解と整合的であるが、その領域区分を定性的ではなくある程度定量的に提示できたことに意義があると考える。

In geological disposal projects and safety regulations for high-level radioactive waste, one of the challenges in surveying and evaluating technology related to uplift and erosion, which is important in site selection and safety assessment of geological disposal, is that in the distant future, topography mainly due to river undercuts will occur. It is necessary to be able to quantitatively evaluate the changes and effects that these changes have on the underground geological environment. Among the geological environmental conditions, changes in groundwater recharge areas and outflow areas are important when building performance evaluation models because they can change the flow direction of surface water infiltration into the ground or groundwater outflow to the surface. This time, we selected rivers with different basin areas and uplift rates, and divided the basins into which we would like to measure the topographic features of each river. We measured 10 items of topographic features for the divided watersheds, and created data on trends in changes in topographic features. In addition, we calculated the "runoff index," which is defined as an index that expresses the ease or difficulty of surface runoff flow, and estimated and visualized the influence of river undercuts on topography. Regarding the rivers studied, the divided basins with high principal component scores of "basin average erosion height," "topographical complexity," and "basin relief number," which are indicators of topographical steepness among topographical features, were medium to high. There was a tendency to concentrate in the upper reaches. It was shown that the runoff index tends to be high in areas where high-elevation catchments are concentrated. Although this tendency is consistent with general understanding, I think it is significant that we were able to present this area classification quantitatively rather than qualitatively.