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Cellular effects induced by insoluble radioactive cesium-bearing microparticles derived from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

福島第一原子力発電所事故に由来する放射性セシウム含有不溶性粒子により誘発される細胞影響

鈴木 正敏*; 遠藤 暁*; 二宮 和彦*; 真辺 健太郎   ; 山田 裕*; 稲葉 洋平*; 千田 浩一*; 福本 学*

Suzuki, Masatoshi*; Endo, Satoru*; Ninomiya, Kazuhiko*; Manabe, Kentaro; Yamada, Yutaka*; Inaba, Yohei*; Chida, Koichi*; Fukumoto, Manabu*

福島第一原子力発電所事故時に形成された放射性セシウムを含む不溶性微粒子(CsMP)による不均一被ばくの細胞影響を明らかにするため、放射能及び粒径の異なる3つのCsMP(直径120、190及び500 $$mu$$m)を正常ヒト上皮由来細胞と共培養し、DNA二重鎖切断(DSB)、細胞増殖及び遺伝子発現への影響を調べた。最も放射能の高い500 $$mu$$mのCsMP及び190 $$mu$$mのCsMPではDSBを有する細胞の割合が増加したが、最も放射能の低い120 $$mu$$mのCsMPでは明らかな増加は認められなかった。500 $$mu$$mのCsMP近傍では多数のDSBが誘発され、細胞分裂が抑制された一方、粒子から1 cm離れた細胞ではDSBが誘発されながらも細胞増殖が維持された。また、CsMPとの共培養により、ストレス応答等に関与するインターフェロン刺激遺伝子の発現上昇が認められた。これらの結果から、高放射能のCsMP近傍で高線量を受けて早期老化様の増殖停止に至った細胞からの分泌因子が、粒子から離れた位置でDSBを有する細胞の増殖を促進する微小環境を形成する可能性が示唆された。一方、低放射能のCsMPでは本実験条件下で明らかなDSB誘発は認められず、今後、肺・肺胞組織を対象としてCsMPの粒径及び放射能に応じた影響を検討する必要がある。

To elucidate the cellular effects of heterogeneous exposure to insoluble microparticles (CsMPs) containing radioactive caesium formed during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, three types of CsMPs with different radioactivity levels and particle sizes (120, 190 and 500 $$mu$$m in diameter) were co-cultured with normal human epithelial cells, and their effects on DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), cell proliferation and gene expression were investigated. The proportion of cells exhibiting DSBs increased in the presence of the 500 $$mu$$m CsMP (with the highest radioactivity) and the 190 $$mu$$m CsMP, whereas no clear increase was observed with the 120 $$mu$$m CsMP (with the lowest radioactivity). In the immediate vicinity of the 500 $$mu$$m CsMP, numerous DSBs were induced and cell division was inhibited; in contrast, cells located 1 cm away from the particles maintained cell proliferation despite the induction of DSBs. Furthermore, co-culture with CsMP resulted in increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes involved in stress responses and other processes. These results suggest that secreted factors from cells that underwent early ageing-like proliferation arrest following high-dose exposure in the vicinity of high-radioactivity CsMP may form a microenvironment that promotes the proliferation of cells harbouring DSBs at a distance from the particles. Conversely, no clear induction of DSBs was observed with low-radioactivity CsMP under the experimental conditions used; it will therefore be necessary to investigate the effects of CsMP according to particle size and radioactivity in lung and alveolar tissues.

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