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ラドン温泉療法の適応症とそのメカニズムに関する最近の研究動向

Recent research trends on indications for radon spa therapy and their mechanisms

片岡 隆浩*; 迫田 晃弘   ; 神崎 訓枝   ; 光延 文裕*; 山岡 聖典*

Kataoka, Takahiro*; Sakoda, Akihiro; Kanzaki, Norie; Mitsunobu, Fumihiro*; Yamaoka, Kiyonori*

三朝(鳥取県)の温泉療法は、バドガスタイン(オーストリア)やモンタナ(アメリカ)の坑道療法とともにラドン療法(特にラドン高濃度熱気浴療法)として世界的に有名である。ラドン療法の適応症には、活性酸素種に起因する呼吸器・疼痛・消化器・慢性変性・老年性などに関わる様々な疾患が含まれるが、その多くは経験的処方に基づいている。このため、筆者らはラドンと子孫核種に関連した被ばくの主要経路の特定や体内挙動の実験的・数理的な検討を行い、吸入などにより生じる生体反応と組織・臓器吸収線量との関係をより定量的に評価し、適応症に関わるメカニズムの解明と新たな探索の基礎研究を進めてきた。その結果、メカニズムとしては、ラドン吸入により生じる少量の酸化ストレスに伴う一連の適度な生理刺激作用に関して解明されつつある。すなわち、抗酸化・免疫調節・損傷修復機能の亢進、抗炎症・ホルモン分泌・循環代謝の促進、アポトーシス・熱ショックタンパク質の誘導などである。また、新たな適応症として、炎症性・神経障害性疼痛、炎症性浮腫、胃粘膜損傷、潰瘍性大腸炎、高尿酸血症、1型糖尿病、肝・腎障害、一過性脳虚血発作、うつ病などの可能性が示唆される。さらに、ラドン吸入と抗酸化剤や治療剤との併用による疾患の抑制効果に関して、いずれもその効果を高めることが示唆される。副作用の強い薬剤に対して減薬効果が期待できるため、通常の治療に対するラドン療法の併用効果の更なる臨床的検証が求められる。

Spa therapy in Misasa (Tottori Prefecture, Japan) is renowned worldwide for its radon therapy (particularly high-concentration radon hot-air bath therapy) along with mine therapy in Bad Gastein (Austria) and Montana (USA). Radon therapy is indicated for diseases related to the respiratory system, pain, digestive disorders, chronic degeneration, and aging caused by reactive oxygen species; however, most of these indications are based on empirical prescriptions. To address this, the authors have been conducting basic research to experimentally and mathematically identify significant radon and its progeny exposure pathways and their related behaviors in the body. The aim is to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between the biological reactions caused by radon inhalation and the absorbed doses in tissues and organs, and to elucidate new mechanisms related to these indications. Therefore, the mechanisms are being elucidated in terms of a series of moderate physiological stimuli caused by small amounts of oxidative stress induced by radon inhalation. Specifically, radon inhalation enhances antioxidant, immune regulation, and damage-repair functions; promotes anti-inflammation, hormone secretion, and circulatory metabolism; and induces apoptosis and heat shock proteins. New indications have been suggested, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain, inflammatory edema, gastric mucosal damage, ulcerative colitis, hyperuricemia, type 1 diabetes, liver and kidney damage, transient cerebral ischemia, and depression. Furthermore, combining radon therapy with antioxidants and therapeutic agents has been suggested to synergistically enhance the disease-suppressing effects of the therapy. Further clinical verification of the combined effects of radon therapy and conventional treatments is required to reduce the dosage of drugs that cause severe side effects.

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