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New insights of the Oklo natural fission reactors elucidated from isotopic studies using state-of-the-art analytical techniques

先端的同位体分析技術で解き明かすオクロ天然原子炉研究の新展開

日高 洋*; 鏡味 沙耶   ; Bentridi, S.*; Gall, B.*

Hidaka, Hiroshi*; Kagami, Saya; Bentridi, S.*; Gall, B.*

アフリカ中央部のガボン共和国にあるオクロ鉱床には、20億年前に天然原子炉として機能していた場所があり、リアクターゾーン(RZ)と呼ばれている。RZの希土類元素や希ガスを中心とした同位体データは、原子炉内で生じた核分裂、中性子捕獲、放射壊変の履歴を記録しており、核分裂臨界の各種物理パラメータの決定、核分裂臨界の数値シミュレーション解析、核分裂生成核種の挙動評価等に有効な情報を与える。本研究では、RZで発生した中性子のエネルギースペクトルの再構築のため、RZ13及び16から採取した2種類のオクロ試料を用いて、希土類元素とHfの同位体組成をTIMSやMC-ICP-MSで新たに決定する。

It is known that 16 parts (called as reactor zones, hereafter RZs) of the Oklo uranium deposit in the Republic of Gabon, central Africa, functioned as natural fission reactors around two billion years ago. Isotopic data sets of several elements, particularly rare earth elements (REEs) and noble gases, of the Oklo RZs materials, show the results caused by a combination of nuclear fission, neutron captures, and radioactive decays and provide useful information on the determination of nuclear parameters during the reactor criticality, construction of the model for the reactor criticality by numerical simulation, evaluation of geochemical behaviours of fission products in geological media, and so on. In this study, two kinds of the Oklo reactor materials collected from RZs 13 and 16 were used. We are now planning to determine the isotopic compositions of REEs and Hf of the Oklo reactor materials by TIMS and/or MC-ICP-MS to reconstruct the energy spectra of neutrons generated in the RZs.

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