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河川下刻による地形変化に関するデータ収集及び予察的な解析(続報)

Data collection and predictive analysis of river denudation (follow-up report)

川村 淳*; 西山 成哲  ; Jia, H.*; 石川 泰己*; 小泉 由起子*

Kawamura, Makoto*; Nishiyama, Nariaki; Jia, H.*; Ishikawa, Taiki*; Koizumi, Yukiko*

高レベル放射性廃棄物の地層処分の安全評価のための調査・評価技術における課題の一つとして、隆起・侵食に伴い河川下刻が将来の地表地形や地下地質環境に与える変化やその影響についての定量的評価がある。河川下刻による地表地形の変化は、地下水流動に変化を及ぼすほか処分場の地表への接近に対しても考慮が必要である。このような検討には河川の横断面形状の情報が必要になるが、研究対象となることが多い河川縦断形に比べ参考になる情報が少ない。そこで我々は我が国の河川を対象に国土地理院の10m DEMを用いたGISによる地形解析により、河川を中心とした横断面形状データを収集してきた。実河川の比較では、河床の主な地質の違いによる比高差に大きな差異はなく、隆起速度に依存する傾向がみられた。仮想河川と実河川の比較では、仮想河川と実河川の解像度に差があるものの、ピーク比高に関するデータは隆起速度に応じて高くなる傾向が認められ、実河川の傾向と矛盾しない。但し、比高が実際の地形と比較して小さくなる傾向が認められ、仮想地形と実際の地形との間のギャップも確認された。

One of the challenges in the investigation and evaluation technology for the safety assessment of geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste is the quantitative evaluation of the changes and their impacts on future surface topography and underground geological environment caused by river incision due to uplift and denudation. Changes in the surface topography due to river incision will affect groundwater flow and will also require consideration of the location of the disposal site near the surface. Such studies require information on the cross-sectional shape of rivers, but there is little reference information available compared to the longitudinal sections of rivers, which are often the subject of research. Therefore, we have been collecting cross-sectional shape data, mainly of rivers, by performing topographical analysis using GIS with the 10m DEM. When comparing actual rivers, there was no significant difference in the relative height difference due to differences in the main geology of the riverbed, and a tendency was observed to depend on the uplift rate. When comparing the virtual and real rivers, although there is a difference in resolution between the virtual and real rivers, the data on peak relative height shows a tendency for it to increase with the uplift rate, which is not inconsistent with the trend of the real rivers. However, a tendency for the relative height to be smaller than that of the actual terrain was observed, and a gap was also confirmed between the virtual terrain and the actual terrain.

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