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再処理施設の高レベル廃液蒸発乾固事故時の化学挙動解析コードSCHERNのRuO$$_{4}$$気液間移行モデルの高度化

Improvement of the RuO$$_{4}$$ vapor-liquid transfer model in the chemical behavior analysis code SCHERN for accident of evaporation to dryness by boiling of reprocessed high level liquid waste

吉田 一雄 ; 桧山 美奈*; 玉置 等史 

Yoshida, Kazuo; Hiyama, Mina*; Tamaki, Hitoshi

再処理施設の過酷事故の一つである高レベル放射性廃液貯槽の冷却機能喪失による蒸発乾固事故では、沸騰により廃液貯槽から発生する硝酸-水混合蒸気とともにルテニウムの揮発性の化学種(RuO$$_{4}$$)が放出される。このためリスク評価の観点からは、Ruの定量的な放出量の評価が重要な課題である。RuO$$_{4}$$は施設内を移行する過程で床面に停留すると想定されるプール水中の亜硝酸(HNO$$_{2}$$)によって化学吸収が促進されることが想定され、この挙動は実験的に確認されており、Ruの施設内での移行に重要な役割を担う。HNO$$_{2}$$を含む硝酸水溶液へのRuO$$_{4}$$の移行に係る実験から得られた成果をもとに、新たな化学吸収及び物理吸収モデルが提案されている。本報では、SCHERNの解析性能の向上の一環として、これらの吸収モデルを組込み、施設内を移行するRuO$$_{4}$$の気液各相での挙動の解析を試行した。その結果、RuO$$_{4}$$の放出が急激に増加する沸騰晩期では、液相中のHNO$$_{2}$$も急増する傾向が見られ、その濃度変化がその後のRuO$$_{4}$$の移行挙動に大きく影響することを確認した。この結果から硝酸-水混合蒸気の凝縮に伴う気液各相のHNO$$_{2}$$の化学的挙動の解析精度の向上が不可欠である。

An accident of evaporation to dryness by boiling of high-level radioactive liquid waste (HLLW) is postulated as one of the severe accidents caused by the loss of cooling function at a fuel reprocessing plant. In this case, volatile radioactive materials, such as ruthenium (RuO$$_{4}$$) are released from the tanks with water and nitric-acid mixed vapor into the atmosphere. Accurate quantitative estimation of released Ru is one of the important issues for risk assessment of those facilities. RuO$$_{4}$$ is expected to be absorbed chemically into water dissolving nitrous acid (HNO$$_{2}$$). This behavior has been experimentally confirmed and plays an important role in the migration of Ru in the facility. A new model has been proposed as a chemical and physical absorption model based on the experimental results of the migration of RuO$$_{4}$$ into nitric acid-water mixtures. In this study, to improve the analytical performance of SCHERN, these new analytical models have been incorporated and attempted to analyze the behavior of RuO$$_{4}$$ in each phase. As a result, it has been observed a tendency that HNO$$_{2}$$ in the liquid phase increases rapidly during the late boiling phase, when RuO$$_{4}$$ release increases rapidly, and confirmed that this HNO$$_{2}$$ concentration change significantly affects the subsequent migration behavior of RuO$$_{4}$$. These results indicate that it is essential to improve the analytical accuracy of the chemical behavior of HNO$$_{2}$$ in each phase.

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