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論文

Clades of huge phages from across Earth's ecosystems

Al-Shayeb, B.*; Sachdeva, R.*; Chen, L.-X.*; Ward, F.*; Munk, P.*; Devoto, A.*; Castelle, C. J.*; Olm, M. R.*; Bouma-Gregson, K.*; 天野 由記; et al.

Nature, 578(7795), p.425 - 431, 2020/02

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2007-4
 被引用回数：223 パーセンタイル：99.47(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Phage typically have small genomes and depend on their bacterial hosts for replication. We generated metagenomic datasets from many diverse ecosystems and reconstructed hundreds of huge phage genomes, between 200 kbp and 716 kbp in length. Thirty four genomes were manually curated to completion, including the largest phage genomes yet reported. Expanded genetic repertoires include diverse and new CRISPR-Cas systems, tRNAs, tRNA synthetases, tRNA modification enzymes, initiation and elongation factors and ribosomal proteins. Phage CRISPR have the capacity to silence host transcription factors and translational genes, potentially as part of a larger interaction network that intercepts translation to redirect biosynthesis to phage-encoded functions. Some phage repurpose bacterial systems for phage-defense to eliminate competing phage. We phylogenetically define seven major clades of huge phage from human and other animal microbiomes, oceans, lakes, sediments, soils and the built environment. We conclude that large gene inventories reflect a conserved biological strategy, observed across a broad bacterial host range and resulting in the distribution of huge phage across Earth's ecosystems.

論文

Thermal and mechanical properties of CeO$$_{2}$$

鈴木 紀一; 加藤 正人; 砂押 剛雄*; 宇野 弘樹*; Carvajal-Nunez, U.*; Nelson, A. T.*; McClellan, K. J.*

Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 102(4), p.1994 - 2008, 2019/04

https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.16055
 被引用回数：36 パーセンタイル：90.55(Materials Science, Ceramics)

CeO$$_{2}$$の熱物性及び機械物性を測定した。熱重量分析法により酸素ポテンシャルを測定し、欠陥化学モデルを用いてデータを解析した。音速測定, 共鳴超音波分光法及びナノインデンテーション法によりCeO$$_{2}$$の弾性率を得た。得られた弾性率を用いてデバイ温度及びグリュナイゼン定数を評価するとともに、その評価結果を基に比熱及び熱伝導率を計算した。熱伝導率の計算結果は実験値をよく再現し、また、不純物依存性が大きいことが示された。

論文

An Evaluation of the thermophysical properties of stoichiometric CeO$$_{2}$$ in comparison to UO$$_{2}$$ and PuO$$_{2}$$

Nelson, A. T.*; Rittman, D. R.*; White, J. T.*; Dunwoody, J. T.*; 加藤 正人; McClellan, K. J.*

Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 97(11), p.3652 - 3659, 2014/11

https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.13170
 被引用回数：60 パーセンタイル：93.68(Materials Science, Ceramics)

The thermal conductivity of stoichiometric CeO$$_{2}$$ was determined through measurement of thermal expansion from 313 to 1723 K, thermal diffusivity from 298 to 1473 K, and specific heat capacity from 313 to 1373 K. The thermal conductivity was then calculated as the product of the density, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat capacity. The thermal conductivity was found to obey an (A + BT)$$^{-1}$$ relationship with A = 6.7763$$times$$10$$^{-2}$$ mKW $$^{-1}$$ and B = 2.793$$times$$10$$^{-4}$$ mW$$^{-1}$$. Results of thermal expansion and heat capacity measurements agreed well with the limited low-temperature data available in the literature. The thermal conductivity values provided in the current study are significantly higher than the only high-temperature data located for CeO$$_{2}$$. The CeO$$_{2}$$ data are compared to literature values for UO$$_{2}$$ and PuO$$_{2}$$.

論文

Meeting nuclear data needs for advanced reactor systems

原田 秀郎; 柴田 恵一; 西尾 勝久; 井頭 政之*; Plompen, A.*; Hambsch, F.-J.*; Schillebeeckx, P.*; Gunsing, F.*; Ledoux, X.*; Palmiotti, G.*; et al.

NEA/NSC/WPEC/DOC(2014)446, 111 Pages, 2014/02

https://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume31/volume31.pdf

This report includes investigations performed by the OECD/NEA/NSC Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation (WPEC) Subgroup 31, whose mission was to utilise the collective knowledge of the international nuclear data measurement community to consider the appropriate resources to address and meet the data needs quantified by WPEC Subgroup 26 for Advanced Reactor Systems. The members of Subgroup 31 performed reviews of uncertainty evaluations by evaluators, of state-of-art experimental techniques, of current experimental situations, and summarised an appropriate path to meet the requirements.

論文

The Reaction $$^{48}$$Ca + $$^{248}$$Cm $$rightarrow$$ $$^{296}$$116$$^{*}$$ studied at the GSI-SHIP

Hofmann, S.*; Heinz, S.*; Mann, R.*; Maurer, J.*; Khuyagbaatar, J.*; Ackermann, D.*; Antalic, S.*; Barth, B.*; Block, M.*; Burkhard, H. G.*; et al.

European Physical Journal A, 48(5), p.62_1 - 62_23, 2012/05

https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2012-12062-1
 被引用回数：167 パーセンタイル：98.88(Physics, Nuclear)

The synthesis of element 116 in the reactions of $$^{48}$$Ca+$$^{248}$$Cm was studied at the GSI-SHIP. Four decay chains from the isotope $$^{292}$$116 and one decay $$^{293}$$116 were detected at the reaction leading to the excitation energy of 40.9 MeV. The cross sections were 3.4 and 0.9 pb, respectively. The decay character reproduced the reported data at FLNR, Russia. In the $$alpha$$ decay chain, we observed the higher $$alpha$$-particle energy in the decay of $$^{289}$$114, which suggested the population and the decay of a quasiparitcle state.

論文

Manufacturing and maintenance technologies developed for a thick-wall structure of the ITER vacuum vessel

小野塚 正紀*; Alfile, J. P.*; Aubert, P.*; Dagenais, J.-F.*; Grebennikov, D.*; 伊尾木 公裕*; Jones, L.*; 小泉 興一; Krylov, V.*; Maslakowski, J.*; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 55(4), p.397 - 410, 2001/09

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00185-5
 被引用回数：25 パーセンタイル：84.31(Nuclear Science & Technology)

ITER真空容器厚肉(60mm)構造体の製造及び保守時に必要となる溶接技術、切断技術、非破壊検査方法及びそれらの遠隔操作機器を開発した。オーステナイトステンレス製厚板に対しては、TIG溶接、プラズマ切断、超音波検査などの従来技術を改良し、溶接速度の向上($~0$.12m/min)、切断幅の極小化($~1$0mm)、欠陥サイズの特定化(板厚の$~7$%)を図るなどの最適化を行った。またコスト及び技術的性能の観点より期待されている低圧力電子ビーム溶接(速度$~0$.2m/min)、多層パスYAGレーザ溶接(速度$~0$.5m/min)、YAGレーザ切断($~2$mm切断幅)及び電磁超音波探触子(探傷に媒体不要)を用いた検査技術などの最新手法検討も行った。さらにこれらの溶接、切断、検査装置を保持し、遠隔操作に供する機器について、局所減圧容器を含む電子ビーム溶接機器などの重量機器($~k$N)保持用とその他の軽量機器($~1$00N)保持用の二種類の遠隔操作機器の検討を行った。その内、現時点では軽量機器保持用遠隔操作機器の製作が行われ、モックアップなどでの溶接試験などに適用し、その有効性が示された。

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