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論文

Review of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station debris endstate location in OECD/NEA preparatory study on analysis of fuel debris (PreADES) project

仲吉 彬; Rempe, J. L.*; Barrachin, M.*; Bottomley, D.; Jacquemain, D.*; Journeau, C.*; Krasnov, V.; Lind, T.*; Lee, R.*; Marksberry, D.*; et al.

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 369, p.110857_1 - 110857_15, 2020/12

 被引用回数:7 パーセンタイル:30.13(Nuclear Science & Technology)

福島第一原子力発電所(1F)の各ユニットの燃料デブリの最終状態位置については、まだ多くは不明である。不確実性の低減に向けた最初のステップとして、OECD/NEAは、燃料デブリ分析予備的考察(PreADES)プロジェクトが立ち上げた。PreADESプロジェクトのタスク1の一環として、関連情報をレビューし、燃料デブリの状態の推定図の正確さを確認した。これは、将来の燃料デブリの分析を提案するための基礎となる。具体的にタスク1では2つのアクティビティを実施した。第一に、1Fでの廃止措置活動に資するTMI-2とチェルノブイリ原子力発電所4号機での重大事故の関連知識、プロトタイプ試験とホットセル試験の結果の知見を収集した。第二に、プラント情報とBSAFプロジェクトのシビアアクシデントコード分析からの関連知識が組み込まれている1F燃料デブリの原子炉内の状態に関する現状の推定図を見直した。この報告は、PreADESプロジェクトのタスク1の洞察に焦点を当て、1Fの将来の除染および廃止措置活動に情報を提供するだけでなく、シビアアクシデント研究、特にシビアアクシデントにより損傷した原子力サイトの長期管理に関する重要な視点を提供する。

論文

New research programme of JAEA/CLADS to reduce the knowledge gaps revealed after an accident at Fukushima-1; Introduction of boiling water reactor mock-up assembly degradation test programme

Pshenichnikov, A.; 倉田 正輝; Bottomley, D.; 佐藤 一憲; 永江 勇二; 山崎 宰春

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 57(4), p.370 - 379, 2020/04

 被引用回数:12 パーセンタイル:66.04(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The new research and development programme of JAEA/CLADS tests complement the previous investigations related to BWR severe accidents. A series of tests aiming at closing the gaps in understanding of the Fukushima Daiichi degradation sequence at each unit. The paper emphasises the problem of control blade degradation, which influences the accident progression at an early stage and shows the approach for thorough investigation of this problem.

論文

Oxidation kinetics of silicon carbide in steam at temperature range of 1400 to 1800$$^{circ}$$C studied by laser heating

Pham, V. H.; 永江 勇二; 倉田 正輝; Bottomley, D.; 古本 健一郎*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 529, p.151939_1 - 151939_8, 2020/02

AA2019-0197.pdf:1.61MB

 被引用回数:14 パーセンタイル:86.19(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

As expected for accident tolerant fuels, investigation of steam oxidation for silicon carbide under the conditions beyond design basis accident scenarios is needed. Many studies focused on steam oxidation of SiC at temperatures up 1600$$^{circ}$$C have been conducted and reported in the literature. However, behavior of SiC in steam at temperatures above 1600$$^{circ}$$C still remains unclear. To complete this task, we have designed and manufactured a laser heating facility for steam oxidation at extreme temperatures. With the facility, we report the first results on the steam oxidation behavior of SiC at temperatures range of 1400-1800$$^{circ}$$C for short term exposure of 1-7 h under atmospheric pressure. Based on the mass change of SiC samples, parabolic oxidation rate and linear volatilization rate were calculated. The oxidation layer appears to be maintained at 1800$$^{circ}$$C in steam, but the bubble formation phenomenon suggests other volatilization reactions may limit its life.

論文

Current situation of OECD/NEA, Preparatory Study on Analysis of Fuel debris (PreADES) project

仲吉 彬; Journeau, C.*; Rempe, J.*; Barrachin, M.*; Bottomley, D.; Nauchi, Y.*; Song, J. H.*

Proceedings of 2019 International Workshop on Post-Fukushima Challenges on Severe Accident Mitigation and Research Collaboration (SAMRC 2019) (USB Flash Drive), 6 Pages, 2019/11

In recognition of the broad international interest in learning from post-accident examinations and other activities related to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), Japan recommended, to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development/Nuclear energy Agency/Committee on Safety of Nuclear Installations (OECD/NEA/CSNI) in 2013, that they identified and followed up on opportunities to address safety research gaps. The CSNI set up the Senior Expert Group (SEG) on Safety Research Opportunities Post-Fukushima (SAREF). In 2016-2017, Preparatory Study on Analysis of Fuel Debris (PreADES) project was recommended by the SEG on SAREF as a near-term project. The PreADES project will summarize the collected knowledge and expertise of debris characterization and identify the needs for debris analyses that will most contribute to the decommissioning of 1F. The project also aims to improve the understanding of severe accidents and reactor safety assessments as well as creating appropriate and optimal methodologies for future debris sampling, retrieval, and storage. Consequently, the project provides important input for a future international project of sample examination based on long-term considerations. The PreADES project launched discussions among interested organizations at the preliminary meeting in July 2017 about the objectives, scope, output, and direction of the project. The contents of the PreADES project were agreed as the three following tasks: Task 1: Joint study on fuel debris' expected properties and characterization, Task 2: Identifying needs and major issues for future fuel debris sampling, retrieval, and analyses, Task 3: Planning of future international R&D framework. Currently, 4th meeting took place on July in Tokyo Japan. Task 1 is almost completed and Task 2 will be summarized soon.

論文

A Review of revaporisation behaviour of radioactive Cs deposits and its impact on the source term in severe nuclear accidents from Ph$'e$bus FP results and single effect testing

Knebel, K.*; Jokiniemi, J.*; Bottomley, D.

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 56(9-10), p.772 - 789, 2019/09

 被引用回数:7 パーセンタイル:58.58(Nuclear Science & Technology)

核分裂生成物(FP)付着物の再蒸発現象は、冷却水喪失等のシビアアクシデントにおける遅発のFP放出可能性を示すものとして認識された。その後の試験により、本現象は原子炉破損時に生じ得ることから、格納容器及び環境放出におけるソースタームとして重要であることが分かった。本論文では、まずはじめに、PHEBUS FPと関連プログラムから得られた一次冷却系での揮発性及び準揮発性FPの移行における再蒸発メカニズムについてレビューする。次に、揮発性及び準揮発性FP(I, Mo, Ru)及び構造材料(Ag, B)の高温化学を評価するための要素試験、及びソースタームに実効的に影響を与える雰囲気の影響について述べる。最後に、長期に亘るFP化学についてのさらなる知見を与え得る事故炉におけるCs分析の結果をレビューする。レビューの結果は表と模式図により示される。この蓄積された知見と経験は、廃炉と環境回復における汚染の低減、及びSA解析コードの改良と原子力安全の向上への適用にとって重要である。

論文

Features of a control blade degradation observed ${it in situ}$ during severe accidents in boiling water reactors

Pshenichnikov, A.; 山崎 宰春; Bottomley, D.; 永江 勇二; 倉田 正輝

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 56(5), p.440 - 453, 2019/05

 被引用回数:15 パーセンタイル:84.54(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In the present paper new results using ${it in situ}$ video, are presented regarding BWR control blade degradation up to 1750 K at the beginning of a nuclear severe accident. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) mapping indicated stratification of the absorber blade melt with formation of a chromium and boride-enriched layer. High content-B- and C-containing material with increased melting temperature acted like a shielding and was found to prevent further relocation of control blade claddings. The interacted layers around the B$$_{4}$$C granules prevented direct steam attack of residual B$$_{4}$$C. The results provide new insights for understanding of the absorber blade degradation mechanism under reducing conditions specific to Fukushima Dai-Ichi Unit 2 resulting from prolonged steam starvation.

論文

Current situation of OECD/NEA, Preparatory Study on Analysis of Fuel debris (PreADES) project

仲吉 彬; Bottomley, D.; 鷲谷 忠博

Proceedings of 56th Annual Meeting on Hot Laboratories and Remote Handling (HOTLAB 2019) (Internet), 3 Pages, 2019/00

"Preparatory Study on Analysis of Fuel debris" (PreADES) project was recommended by the Senior Expert Group (SEG) on Safety Research Opportunities post-Fukushima (SAREF) as a "near-term project". The PreADES project will summarise the collected knowledge and expertise of debris characterisation and identify the needs for debris analyses that will most contribute to the decommissioning of 1F. The project also aims to improve the understanding of severe accidents and reactor safety assessments as well as creating appropriate and optimal methodologies for future debris sampling, retrieval, and storage. Consequently, the project provides important input for a future international project of sample examination based on "long-term considerations".

論文

Release and transport behaviors of non-gamma-emitting fission products and actinides in steam and hydrogen atmospheres

三輪 周平; Ducros, G.*; Hanus, E.*; Bottomley, P. D. W.*; Van Winckel, S.*; 逢坂 正彦

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 326, p.143 - 149, 2018/01

 被引用回数:3 パーセンタイル:30.05(Nuclear Science & Technology)

水蒸気及び水素雰囲気下での非$$gamma$$線放出核種の核分裂生成物(FP)及びアクチニド13核種の放出移行挙動を、FP放出移行実験VERCORSにおける沈着物の化学分析結果に基づいて評価した。化学平衡計算による化学形態を考慮して放出移行挙動を評価した結果、ストロンチウムの放出は水素雰囲気で促進され、一部は低温領域まで移行していくこと、ウランの放出は水蒸気雰囲気で促進される一方で、高温領域に留まること等、新規な知見を得た。

論文

Upgrading the experimental database of fission products and actinides release behaviour in the VERCORS program through chemical analysis

三輪 周平; Ducros, G.*; Hanus, E.*; Bottomley, P. D. W.*; Van Winckel, S.*

Proceedings of 7th European Review Meeting on Severe Accident Research (ERMSAR 2015) (Internet), 11 Pages, 2015/03

核分裂生成物(FP)及びアクチニド放出・移行実験VERCORSにおいて装置配管等への沈着物の化学分析を行うことにより$$alpha$$線、$$beta$$線放出核種及び安定核種の破損燃料からの放出挙動を評価した。公衆に対する影響が大きいSrは還元雰囲気において放出が促進されること、Uは水蒸気雰囲気により放出が大きく促進されるが、その多くは燃料近辺に沈着すること等がわかった。また、Rb, Pd, Tc及びPu等の他の核種の放出挙動は従来のVERCORS実験結果からの予想とよく一致した。化学分析結果から放出挙動を評価する手法を用いることにより、$$alpha$$線, $$beta$$線放出核種及び安定核種の放出挙動の雰囲気依存を明らかにし、FP放出挙動データベースの改良に寄与した。

口頭

BWR制御材の影響に着目したシビアアクシデント時のFP化学挙動評価,2; FP放出・移行挙動に与える雰囲気の影響評価

三輪 周平; 逢坂 正彦; Ducros, G.*; Hanus, E.*; Bottomley, P. D. W.*; Van Winckel, S.*

no journal, , 

雰囲気の異なる核分裂生成物(FP)放出移行模擬実験VERCORSの結果を用いて、FPの放出・移行挙動に与える雰囲気の影響を精度よく評価するためのFP化学挙動の解析手法を検討した。化学反応の進行を考慮することで、比較的低温における移行時のFP化学挙動を精度よく評価できることがわかった。

口頭

Improving chemical thermodynamics knowledge of severe accidents within the OECD-TCOFF2 Project

Journeau, C.*; Bechta, S.*; Komlev, A.*; 倉田 正輝; 多木 寛; 松本 俊慶; Mohamad, A. B.; Barrachin, M.*; Quaini, A.*; Bottomley, D.*; et al.

no journal, , 

The OECD project TCOFF-2 (Thermodynamic Chemistry of Fission Products - Part 2) is an extension of the original project that was part of the near-term projects intended to support the Fukushima Dai-ichi decommissioning efforts. This second part continues to be mainly financed by Japanese Ministry (MEXT) with JAEA-CLADS support. TCOFF2 started in August 2022 and includes certain new material requirements compared to the first TCOFF project. These are increased emphasis on accident tolerant fuels (ATFs), certain actinides and fission products related to volatility/leachability but also certain combinations of the ceramic oxide systems important for MCCI behaviour. Following a PIRT review of phenomena in TCOFF 1, there was in TCOFF2 a Task 1 to prioritise current needs, particularly for relevance to severe accident phenomena and alternative materials (ATFs). This included a re-evaluation and ranking of the thermodynamic systems to make a Systems Identification and Ranking Table (SIRT) for the improvement of the thermodynamic database foreseen in TCOFF2. The further systems for evaluation were then proposed by the partners according to their particular requirements; this resulted in over 150 thermodynamic systems. In the mid-year meeting (June 2023) discussions were made to rationalise these into the most important 20 systems. The rationale for the reduction of systems to this limit will be explained in the talk, both those systems that were omitted as well as those finally included. These systems will then be used as a priority list of work for the experimental call to members that will be launched by the TCOFF-2 project towards the end of the year 2023 with the intention to initiate the first projects soon afterwards.

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