Prediction of critical heat flux for the forced convective boiling based on the mechanism

Ono, Ayako; Sakashita, Hiroto*; Yamashita, Susumu; Suzuki, Takayuki*; Yoshida, Hiroyuki

Proceedings of 12th Japan-Korea Symposium on Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics and Safety (NTHAS12) (Internet), 7 Pages, 2022/10

The new prediction method of critical heat flux (CHF) of the fuel assemblies based on the mechanism is proposed in this study. The prediction method of CHF based on the mechanism has been needed for a long time to enhance the safety analysis and reduce the design cost. From several experimental findings of the liquid-vapor behavior near the heating surface from the nucleate boiling to the CHF, the authors consider that the macrolayer dryout model will be appropriate to predict the CHF under the reactor condition. The prediction method of the macrolayer thickness and the passage period of vapor mass in the fuel assemblies are needed to predict CHF from the macrolayer dryout model. In this study, the CHF under the forced convection is evaluated by combining the prediction methods for the macrolayer thickness and passage period of vapor mass, which are proposed by authors. The prediction of the CHF under the forced convection is examined and compared with the experimental data.

Tracer diffusion coefficients measurements on LaPO-dispersed LATP by means of neutron radiography

Song, F.*; Chen, H.*; Hayashida, Hirotoshi*; Kai, Tetsuya; Shinohara, Takenao; Yabutsuka, Takeshi*; Yao, Takeshi*; Takai, Shigeomi*

Solid State Ionics, 377, p.115873_1 - 115873_6, 2022/04

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2022.115873

Toward mechanistic evaluation of critical heat flux in nuclear reactors, 2; Recent studies and future challenges toward mechanistic and reliable CHF evaluation

Okawa, Tomio*; Mori, Shoji*; Liu, W.*; Ose, Yasuo*; Yoshida, Hiroyuki; Ono, Ayako

Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO, 63(12), p.820 - 824, 2021/12

https://doi.org/10.3327/jaesjb.63.12_820

The evaluation method of the critical heat flux based on the mechanism is needed for the efficient design and development of fuel in reactors and the appropriate safety evaluation. In this paper, the current researches relating to the mechanism of the critical heat flux are reviewed, and the issue to be considered in the future are discussed.

Macrolayer formation model for prediction of critical heat flux in saturated and subcooled pool boiling

Ono, Ayako; Sakashita, Hiroto*; Yoshida, Hiroyuki

Heat Transfer Engineering, 42(21), p.1775 - 1788, 2021/00

https://doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2020.1826738

In this study, the macrolayer formation model is proposed to predict the critical heat flux in the saturated and subcooled pool boiling based on the macrolayer dryout model. This model concept is based on the results of the previous experiments. In the model, the nucleation site is assumed to distribute based on the Poisson distribution. Combining the proposed macrolayer formation model and macrolayer dryout model, the CHFs up to subcooling 40K were predicted and they are successfully good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the concept of the model was confirmed by the numerical simulation using the TPFIT.

Experimental evaluation of wall shear stress in a double contraction nozzle using a water mock-up of a liquid Li target for an intense fusion neutron source

Kondo, Hiroo*; Kanemura, Takuji*; Park, C. H.*; Oyaizu, Makoto*; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Furukawa, Tomohiro

Fusion Engineering and Design, 146(Part A), p.285 - 288, 2019/09

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.12.047

Herein, the wall shear stress in a double contraction nozzle has been evaluated experimentally to produce a liquid lithium (Li) target as a beam target for intense fusion neutron sources such as the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF), the Advanced Fusion Neutron Source (A-FNS), and the DEMO Oriented Neutron Source (DONES). The boundary layer thickness and wall shear stress are essential physical parameters to understand erosion-corrosion by the high-speed liquid Li flow in the nozzle, which is the key component in producing a stable Li target. Therefore, these parameters were experimentally evaluated using an acrylic mock-up of the target assembly. The velocity distribution in the nozzle was measured by a laser-doppler velocimeter and the momentum thickness along the nozzle wall was calculated using an empirical prediction method. The resulting momentum thickness was used to estimate the variation of the wall shear stress along the nozzle wall. Consequently, the wall shear stress was at the maximum in the second convergent section in front of the nozzle exit.

Numerical study on effect of nucleation site density on behavior of bubble coalescence by using CMFD simulation code TPFIT

Ono, Ayako; Suzuki, Takayuki*; Yoshida, Hiroyuki

Proceedings of 12th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics, Operation and Safety (NUTHOS-12) (USB Flash Drive), 9 Pages, 2018/10

The mechanism of Critical Heat Flux (CHF) remains to be clarified, even though it is important to evaluate the CHF for super high heat flux components such as light water reactors (LWRs). Some theoretical models to predict the CHF is proposed so far. A macrolayer formation model which is proposed in order to predict the CHF based on the macrolayer dryout model. In this model, it is assumed that the liquid is captured inside vapor mass at coalescence. In this study, the verification of the assumption of a macrolayer formation model by the numerical simulation of CMFD code, TPFIT, from the view point of hydrodynamics.

Stability of montmorillonite edge faces studied using first-principles calculations

Sakuma, Hiroshi*; Tachi, Yukio; Yotsuji, Kenji; Suehara, Shigeru*; Arima, Tatsumi*; Fujii, Naoki*; Kawamura, Katsuyuki*; Honda, Akira

Clays and Clay Minerals, 65(4), p.252 - 272, 2017/08

https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2017.064062

Structure and stability of montmorillonite edge faces (110), (010), (100), and (130) of the layer charges y = 0.5 and 0.33 are investigated by the first-principles electronic calculations based on the density functional theory. Stacking and single layer models are tested for understanding the effect of stacking on the stability of montmorillonite edge faces. Most stacking layers stabilize the edge faces by making hydrogen bonds between the layers; therefore, the surface energy of stacking layers is reduced rather than the single layer model. This indicates that the surface energy of edge faces should be estimated depending on the swelling conditions. Lowest surface energies of (010) and (130) edge faces were realized by the presence of Mg ions on the edge faces. These edge faces have a strong adsorption site for cations due to local negative charge of the edges.

Design study for impermeable function of trench disposal facility for very low level waste generated from research, industrial and medical facilities (Joint research)

Sakai, Akihiro; Kurosawa, Ryohei*; Nakata, Hisakazu; Okada, Shota; Izumo, Sari; Sato, Makoto*; Kitamura, Yoichi*; Honda, Yasutake*; Takaoka, Katsuki*; Amazawa, Hiroya

JAEA-Technology 2016-019, 134 Pages, 2016/10

JAEA-Technology-2016-019.pdf:8.25MB

Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been developing to design trench disposal facility with impermeable layers in order to dispose of miscellaneous waste. Geomembrane liners have a function that prevent seepage of leachant and collect the leachant. However, the geomembrane liners do not necessarily provide the expected performance due to damage generated when heavy equipment contacts with the liner. Therefore, we studied the impermeable layers having high performance of preventing seepage of leachant including radioactivity taking into account characteristics of low permeable materials and effect of multiple layer structure. As results, we have evaluated that the composite layers composed by a drainage layer, geomembrane liners and a low permeable layer are most effective structure to prevent seepage of leachant. Taking into account disposal of waste including cesium, we also considered zeolite containing sheets for adsorption of cesium were installed in the impermeable layers.

Effect of solid boric acid on the high temperature oxidation behavior of Zircaloy-4

Komiyama, Daisuke; Amaya, Masaki

JAEA-Research 2016-013, 20 Pages, 2016/08

JAEA-Research-2016-013.pdf:6.05MB

The boric acid in the coolant may precipitate on the fuel cladding surface in the case that the blockage of coolant flow path etc. occurs and/or the cooling of fuel becomes insufficient during a LOCA (Loss-Of-Coolant Accident) in PWRs. While there is much knowledge about the compatibility between Zircaloy-4 and boric acid under normal operation conditions, such knowledge under high temperature condition, e.g. LOCA, has not been sufficient. In this study, isothermal heating tests were carried out by using Zircaloy-4 plates with solid boric acid in various atmospheres at up to 900C; and the stability of boric acid, the reaction between Zircaloy-4 and boric acid and the effect of solid boric acid on the high temperature oxidation behavior of Zircaloy-4 were investigated. From the results obtained, it was suggested that, if boric acid anhydride remained on the surface of Zircaloy-4, the boric acid anhydride prevented the surface of Zircaloy-4 from contacting oxidizing atmosphere and mitigated the high-temperature oxidation of Zircaloy-4. In the case that solid boric acid adhered to the surface of pre-oxidized Zircaloy-4 and they have been heated up to high temperature, it was indicated that the solid boric acid penetrated into the gaps in the pre-oxide layer and the penetrated solid boric acid mitigated the oxidation of Zircaloy-4 thereafter.

First principles molecular dynamics study of interlayer water and cations in vermiculite

Ikeda, Takashi

Clay Science, 18(2), p.23 - 31, 2014/06

https://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjclayscience.18.2_23

To clarify possible origins of irreversible adsorption exhibited by cesium on clay minerals, we performed FPMD simulations for vermiculite including water molecules along with Mg, K, and Cs in its interlayers. Our close examination on the structural and dynamical properties of interlayer water included together with the cations shows that Mg and Cs form respectively outer- and inner-sphere surface complexes in the interlayers, while K forms both types. The structure of electric double layers formed in the interlayers is found to depend significantly on the type of surface complexes of interlayer cations. The reorientational motions of HO are suggested to be enhanced by Cs in contrast to a minor influence of Mg and K. Our observed enhanced diffusion of interlayer HO along with their rapid reorientation indicates that Cs ions work as structure-breaking ions even in confined 2-dimensional interlayers.