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高橋 佳之*; 小泉 光生
日本原子力学会誌, 62(8), p.452 - 456, 2020/08
本稿は、日本原子力学会誌の連載口座「核セキュリティ入門」に「核セキュリティのための核検知技術」という題名で、不法な核物質移転を検知するための技術開発について解説した記事の1章として寄稿するものである。解説記事では、原子力機構が文部科学省「核セキュリティ強化等推進事業費補助金」の一環として進めている技術開発のうち、レーザー・コンプトン散乱ガンマ線をプローブとした原子核共鳴蛍光散乱(Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence: NRF)による核検知・測定技術開発を紹介した。このNRF技術は、核種特有のガンマ線吸収・放出を用いるため、核種を選択的に測定することができる。また、高エネルギーのガンマ線を使用するので貫通力が高く、粒子放出の閾値以下のガンマ線エネルギーを使用するので、照射による放射化がほとんどないという点に特徴がある。この技術を用いた遮蔽物中に隠ぺいされている核物質を検知する技術を提案し、その実証実験を進めている。
富川 裕文; 小泉 光生; 玉井 広史
原子力平和利用と核不拡散・核セキュリティ; NSAコメンタリーシリーズ, No.25, p.167 - 174, 2020/06
核不拡散・核セキュリティ強化に貢献する核物質の測定・検知、核鑑識等の研究・技術開発及び国際協力の日本の取り組みについて、原子力機構が実施している具体的な事例を中心に紹介する。
Omer, M.; 静間 俊行*; 羽島 良一*; 小泉 光生
日本核物質管理学会第40回年次大会プロシーディングス集, p.59 - 62, 2019/11
Nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) is a phenomenon that a nuclide-specific 
-ray is resonantly absorbed and re-emitted. This method is considered useful for the nondestructive detection of nuclear materials. In order to demonstrate how accurate the NRF method is able to measure the isotopic abundance, we performed NRF experiments on natural tungsten as a surrogate of nuclear materials at the High Intensity -ray Source (HIS) facility, Duke University. Our results show that the relative deviations between the reference and measured abundances are less than 
4%. This work was supported by the subsidiary for promotion of strengthening nuclear security or the like of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), Japan.
scintillation detector equipped with specially-designed shield for neutron resonance capture analysis土屋 晴文; 小泉 光生; 北谷 文人; 原田 秀郎
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 932, p.16 - 26, 2019/07
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：100(Instruments & Instrumentation)A large-volume (
12.0 cm
12.7 cm) LaBr scintillation detector equipped with a specially-designed radiation shield was evaluated for neutron resonance capture analysis at the neutron time-of-flight (TOF) facility GELINA. By using the LaBr detector with and without the shield, measurements were carried out at a 13-m TOF station with three metallic samples, namely, Ni, Cr, and Fe. In addition, Monte Carlo simulations with Geant4 were performed, and the results were compared with the measurements to analyze the observed energy spectra and TOF spectra. Energy spectra obtained with the shield showed that prompt -ray peaks emitted from each sample can be used to identify the isotopes. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratios of resonance peaks in a TOF spectrum with the shield were enhanced 1.5-2.5 in comparison with those without the shield. Furthermore, simultaneous measurements conducted using the three samples demonstrated that the shield employed herein was indispensable for identifying impurities in a composite sample such as particle-like fuel debris.
藤 暢輔; 大図 章; 土屋 晴文; 古高 和禎; 北谷 文人; 米田 政夫; 前田 亮; 小泉 光生
Proceedings of INMM 60th Annual Meeting (Internet), 7 Pages, 2019/07
Nuclear material accountancy plays a key role in nuclear safeguards and security. The collaboration between the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission aims to develop an active neutron NDA system for Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) and Minor Actinides (MA) in highly radioactive nuclear materials. Several active neutron NDA techniques, namely Differential Die-Away Analysis (DDA), Prompt Gamma-ray Analysis (PGA), Neutron Resonance Capture Analysis (NRCA), Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA) and Delayed Gamma-ray Analysis (DGA) have been developed. The different methods can provide complementary information. In the first phase of the project, we developed a combined NDA system, which enables the simultaneous measurements of DDA and PGA. The DDA technique can determine very small amounts of the fissile mass. PGA is valuable for the measurement of light elements. In the second phase, we will continue to conduct additional research to improve the methodology and develop a new integrated NDA system which can use for NRTA as well as DDA and PGA. In this presentation, we will provide an overview of the project and report the recent results, especially the design of new integrated NDA system. This research was implemented under the subsidiary for nuclear security promotion of MEXT.
Rossi, F.; Rodriguez, D.; 高橋 時音; 瀬谷 道夫; 小泉 光生
Proceedings of INMM 60th Annual Meeting (Internet), 7 Pages, 2019/07
To safeguard nuclear material at facilities like reprocessing plants, new active-interrogation nondestructive assay techniques are needed. We are developing a new delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy (DGS) system to be used together with current verification methods, like hybrid k edge/X ray densitometry, to quantify the fissile composition in high-radioactivity nuclear material samples. DGs quantifies the composition by comparing the ratios of gamma-ray peaks with energy above 3 MeV from short-lived fission products produced during irradiation of the sample by a high-rate external neutron source. Utilizing thermal neutrons allows more fission events to be produced by fissile nuclides (U-235, Pu-239 and Pu-241) to overcome the shielding required to reduce the low energy passive background from the long-lived fission products. While the dominant external sources proposed for this application are DT neutron generators, we are designing a compact system with the use of a DD neutron generator that produces neutrons with starting energies that are easier to moderate and retain. The main differences between the two systems will be presented here along with the description of the current design of our system. This technological research and development was supported by the Japanese government (MEXT). This work was performed under the MEXT subsidy to strengthen nuclear security related activities.
Cf for safeguards verification measurementsRodriguez, D.; Rossi, F.; 高橋 時音; 瀬谷 道夫; 小泉 光生
Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 148, p.114 - 125, 2019/06
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：28.85(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)Delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy is an active-NDA technique used to determine the composition of HRNM samples by peak-ratio comparison of GRs above 3-MeV from the short-lived fission products. Filtering out the passive GRs from long-lived FPs reduces the DGS signal, so thermal neutrons are used to induce more fission events from fissile nuclides. We are developing a compact system to moderate 
2-MeV neutrons that are easier to moderate than 14-MeV neutrons from DT generators. This work describes the ideal moderator optimization for a Cf source that results in 
cm
passing through the sample space with 
70% of those below 1-eV. Practical modifications resulted in 
20% reductions compared to the optimized design. Evaluations of DGS signals and backgrounds conclude that only a 21-MBq Cf source is required.
小泉 光生
Proceedings of 41st ESARDA Annual Meeting (Internet), p.260 - 267, 2019/05
The Japan atomic energy agency (JAEA) is developing active non-destructive analysis (NDA) technologies for nuclear nonproliferation and security under the support of the subsidiary of for "promotion of strengthening nuclear security or the like" of the Japanese government MEXT. One of the programs is "development of active neutron NDA techniques", in which four techniques are developed: i.e., Differential Die Away Analysis (DDA), Delayed Gamma-ray Analysis (DGA), Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA), and Prompt Gamma-ray Analysis (PGA). These techniques are used to complement each other. They would be useful for nuclear material accountancy, applicable to both low- and high-level radioactive nuclear materials (NMs), and for nuclear security purposes such as detection of NM and explosive materials. Another program is development of nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) technique for detection of NM hidden in a shield. This technique utilizes quasi monochromatic gamma-rays produced by laser Compton scattering (LCS) to irradiate a suspicious sample and observe NRF gamma-rays from that. Demonstration experiment of this technique will be performed soon. In this paper, the development projects are overviewed.
Rossi, F.; Rodriguez, D.; 高橋 時音; 瀬谷 道夫; 小泉 光生
日本核物質管理学会第39回年次大会論文集(CD-ROM), 3 Pages, 2018/11
この発表では、再処理施設の溶解溶液等の高放射性核物質サンプルの核分裂性核種比の検認に適用される、遅発ガンマ線分光非破壊分析システムの減速体(反射体)のコンパクト性を追求する設計研究について報告する。我々は、最初に小型中性子源としてDT及びDD中性子源を使った場合の有利、不利を調べた。この結果、DD中性子源がコンパクトで実用的なNDAシステムが達成できることが示された。ここではMCNPシミュレーションにより実施した、DD中性子源を使う予備的な最適化設計を報告する。
Rodriguez, D.; Rossi, F.; 高橋 時音; 瀬谷 道夫; 小泉 光生
日本核物質管理学会第39回年次大会論文集(インターネット), 2 Pages, 2018/11
高放射性核物質溶液サンプルの保障措置検認は、Pu/U元素量についてはHKED法で分析され、同位体組成については時間のかかる破壊分析により行われている。同位体組成検認の時間を短くするため、我々は、遅発ガンマ線分光法の開発を、欧州委員会・共同研究センターと共同して行っている。この遅発ガンマ線分光法では、強い線バックグランドを凌駕するため、核分裂生成核種の発生させる3MeVより高いエネルギーの線を利用する。我々は、遅発ガンマ線分光のPhase Iの開発概要及びPhase IIの開発計画を発表する。さらに、東海再処理工場(TRP)にて実証した線(GR)パイプモニタリングについて報告するとともに、線パイプモニタリング及び自己照射遅発ガンマ線分光技術を含む、再処理施設のプロセスモニタリングについて報告する。
大図 章; 前田 亮; 米田 政夫; 藤 暢輔; 小泉 光生; 瀬谷 道夫
Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC 2017) (Internet), 4 Pages, 2018/11
A Differential Die-away Analysis (DDA) system using a compact pulsed neutron (14 MeV) generator has been newly developed for non-nuclear proliferation and nuclear security in the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The DDA system was designed to be able to detect a nuclear fissile material (Pu-239) of as low as 10 mg and to handle samples of a different volume: a vial bottle (20 mL), a pail container (20 L), through a Monte Carlo simulation. In the DDA system, the Fast Neutron Direct Interrogation (FNDI) technique, which utilizes fast neutrons for interrogation, was applied to measure the amount of fissile mass contained in the sample. The fundamental performance of the DDA system was investigated in the demonstration experiment. The simulation results show that the Pu-239 masses of less than 10 mg can be detected in the DDA system. The results of the experiment are discussed and compared with those of the simulation.
Rodriguez, D.; Rossi, F.; 瀬谷 道夫; 小泉 光生
Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC 2017) (Internet), 3 Pages, 2018/11
The JAEA and EC JRC are collaborating to improve the ability to quantify the uranium and plutonium content of highly radioactive and mixed nuclear material for nuclear safeguards verification. A separate program focuses on improving the capability to measure, analyze, and predict the delayed gamma-ray spectrum used to determine the nuclide ratios within a sample. Measurements performed at the JRC-Ispra are used to correlate the observed DGs to the composition that are then used to calibrate a DG Monte Carlo. The MC has the ability to predict expected DGs, provide a sensitivity analysis to optimize future measurements, and can be used to analyze a spectrum using an inverse MC technique. Analyzing MC with this IMC analysis provides a way to determine systematic uncertainty as well as statistical uncertainty when multiple measurements are not feasible. This work will describe the efforts to develop the DGSMC and how it will be utilized for current and future applications.
小泉 光生; 後藤 淳*; 松木 征史*
Journal of Semiconductors, 39(8), p.082001_1 - 082001_5, 2018/08
動的自己核偏極(Dynamic nuclear self-polarization, DYNASP)はIII-V族半導体で見られる現象で、価電子帯の電子をレーザーで伝導帯に励起すると、数K程度の臨界温度以下で大きな核偏極が得られる。我々は、Dyakonovらの理論を拡張し、円偏光したレーザーによって励起した電子のスピン分布を偏らせた場合や、外部磁場がある場合の核偏極現象への影響を調べた。その結果、励起された電子スピン分布の偏りにより、臨界温度近くにおいても核偏極が得られることを明らかにした。また、外部磁場も電子スピン分布偏極と同じような影響を及ぼすことを明らかにした。こうした現象を実験的に調べるため、低温での実験ができる装置を開発し、実験の準備を進めているので、その報告もあわせて行う。
-ray pipe-monitoring capabilities for real-time process monitoring safeguards applications in reprocessing facilitiesRodriguez, D.; 谷川 聖史; 西村 和明; 向 泰宣; 中村 仁宣; 栗田 勉; 高峰 潤; 鈴木 敏*; 関根 恵; Rossi, F.; et al.
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 55(7), p.792 - 804, 2018/07
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：100(Nuclear Science & Technology)再処理施設の核物質に対しては、ランダムサンプル検認と、追加的な重要タンク内溶液の体積、質量のみの連続監視システムによる"知識の連続性"保持により、保障措置が掛けられている。核物質溶液がタンク及び工程装置を結ぶ配管を流れる際に、特徴的なを測定し、核物質を実時間で検認することで、工程監視を改善できる可能性がある。われわれは、東海再処理工場の転換技術開発施設で、このパイプモニタリングを、硝酸Pu移送の際に試した。この際測定は、ランタン・ブロマイド検出器、及びの計数時刻とエネルギーを記録するリストモード・データ取得システムを用いて実施した。この測定結果とその分析は、配管内溶液の同位体組成、工程移動時刻、(単位時間当たりの)溶液流量及び移動溶液量を求められる能力を実証するものであり、実際に適用可能な保障措置検認工程監視の導入に繋がる。
藤 暢輔; 大図 章; 土屋 晴文; 古高 和禎; 北谷 文人; 米田 政夫; 前田 亮; 小泉 光生; Heyse, J.*; Paradela, C.*; et al.
Proceedings of INMM 59th Annual Meeting (Internet), 9 Pages, 2018/07
Nuclear material accountancy is of fundamental importance for nuclear safeguards and security. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no established technique that enables us to accurately determine the amount of Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) and Minor Actinides (MA) in high radioactive nuclear materials. Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission Collaboration Action Sheet-7 started in 2015. The purpose of this project is to develop an innovative non-destructive analysis (NDA) system using a D-T pulsed neutron source. Active neutron NDA techniques, namely Differential Die-Away Analysis (DDA), Prompt Gamma-ray Analysis (PGA), Neutron Resonance Capture Analysis (NRCA), Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA) and Delayed Gamma-ray Analysis (DGA) have been studied and developed. The different methods can provide complementary information which is particularly useful for quantification of SNM and MA in high radioactive nuclear materials. The second phase of the project has started. In the second phase, we will continue to conduct additional research to improve the methodology and develop an integrated NDA system. This presentation gives an overview of the project and the NDA system and reports the recent results. This research was implemented under the subsidiary for nuclear security promotion of MEXT.
小泉 光生; 瀬谷 道夫; 富川 裕文; 堀 雅人; 直井 洋介
Proceedings of INMM 59th Annual Meeting (Internet), 8 Pages, 2018/07
原子力機構では、文部科学省の核セキュリティ強化等推進事業費補助金の下、核不拡散・核セキュリティのための非破壊分析技術開発を進めている。「核蛍光非破壊測定技術実証試験」では、重遮蔽中に隠蔽された核物質を検知する技術開発を行っている。「アクティブ中性子非破壊測定技術の開発」では、DT中性子源からの中性子を利用して低線量から高線量までの核物質等を分析するためのアクティブ法の技術開発を行っている。また、「先進的プルトニウムモニタリング技術開発」では、高い放射能を持つPu溶液の非破壊・継続的監視、検認を行うための技術開発を進めている。本発表では、補助金事業における核検知・測定技術開発プロジェクトの概略を紹介する。
Rodriguez, D.; Rossi, F.; 高橋 時音; 瀬谷 道夫; 小泉 光生; Crochemore, J. M.*; Varasano, G.*; Bogucarska, T.*; Abbas, K.*; Pedersen, B.*
Proceedings of INMM 59th Annual Meeting (Internet), 7 Pages, 2018/07
DGS has great potential for HRNM, since it determines fissile nuclide compositions by correlating the observed DG spectrum to the unique FY of the individual nuclides. Experiments were performed with LRNM using both PUNITA and a JAEA designed Cf-shuffler tested in PERLA. The data was analyzed using an inverse MC method that both determines DG peak intensity correlations and provides an evaluation of the uncertainty of the measurements. The results were used to verify DG signatures for varying fissile compositions, total fissile content, and DGS interrogation timing patterns. Future development will focus on measuring HRNM and designing a compact system by evaluating different neutron sources, moderating materials, and detection capabilities. This presentation summarizes the JAEA/JRC DGS program to date and the future direction of this collaborative work performed using the MEXT subsidy for the promotion of strengthening nuclear security.
-ray spectroscopy combined with active neutron interrogation for nuclear security and safeguards小泉 光生; Rossi, F.; Rodriguez, D.; 高峰 潤; 瀬谷 道夫; Bogucarska, T.*; Crochemore, J.-M.*; Varasano, G.*; Abbas, K.*; Pedersen, B.*; et al.
EPJ Web of Conferences, 146, p.09018_1 - 09018_4, 2017/09
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：24.33Along with the global increase of applications using nuclear materials (NM), the requirements to nuclear security and safeguards for the development of effective characterization methods are growing. Mass verification of NM of low radioactivity is performed using passive non-destructive analysis (NDA) techniques whereas destructive analysis (DA) techniques are applied for accurate analysis of nuclide composition. In addition to the characterization by passive NDA, a sample can be further characterized by active NDA techniques. An active neutron NDA system equipped with a pulsed neutron generator is currently under development for studies of NDA methods. Among the methods DGS uses the detection of decay -rays from fission products (FP) to determine ratios of fissile nuclides present in the sample. A proper evaluation of such -ray spectra requires integration of nuclear data such as fission cross-sections, fission yields, half-lives, decay chain patterns, and decay -ray emission probabilities. The development of the DGS technique includes experimental verification of some nuclear data of fissile materials, as well as development of the device. This presentation will be a brief introduction of the active neutron NDA project and an explanation of the DGS development program.
Paradela, C.*; Heyse, J.*; Kopecky, S.*; Schillebeeckx, P.*; 原田 秀郎; 北谷 文人; 小泉 光生; 土屋 晴文
EPJ Web of Conferences, 146, p.09002_1 - 09002_4, 2017/09
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：4.44Neutron-induced reactions can be used to study the properties of nuclear materials in the field of nuclear safeguards and security. The elemental and isotopic composition of these materials can be determined by using the presence of resonance structures in the reaction cross sections as fingerprints. This idea is the basis of two non-destructive analytical techniques which have been developed at the GELINA neutron time-of-flight facility of the JRC-IRMM: Neutron Resonance Capture Analysis (NRCA) and Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA). A full quantitative validation of the NRTA technique was obtained by determining the areal densities of enriched reference samples used for safeguards applications with an accuracy better than 1%. Moreover, a combination of NRTA and NRCA has been proposed for the characterisation of particle-like debris of melted fuel formed in severe nuclear accidents. In order to deal with the problems due to the diversity in shape and size of these samples and the presence of strong absorbing matrix materials, new capabilities have been implemented in the resonance shape analysis code REFIT. They have been validated by performing a blind test in which the elemental abundance of a combined sample composed of unknown quantities of materials such as cobalt, tungsten, rhodium or gold was determined with accuracies better than 2%.
北谷 文人; 土屋 晴文; 小泉 光生; 高峰 潤; 堀 順一*; 佐野 忠史*
EPJ Web of Conferences, 146, p.09032_1 - 09032_3, 2017/09
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：100The use of a short flight path is effective in the neutron resonance analysis. On the other hand, such a short path would reduce a time resolution in Time-Of-Flight (TOF) measurements. In order to investigate the effect of neutron flight-path length, we carried out Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA) experiments with a short neutron flight path at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute - Linear Accelerator (KURRI-LINAC). In measurements of Neutron Resonance Densitometry, the quantity of nuclear materials is determined from TOF spectra obtained in the neutron energy range below 30 eV. Performing NRTA experiments with a 7-m flight path at KURRI-LINAC, we examined effects of flight path and pulse width on a TOF spectrum. A resonance dip of 
W at 27 eV in a TOF spectrum was successfully observed with an electron pulse width less than 2 
s. In this presentation, we will discuss importance of the pulse width and short flight path to study design of a compact TOF facility to quantify nuclear materials.
