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論文

Beam energy and centrality dependence of direct-photon emission from ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他666名*

Physical Review Letters, 123(2), p.022301_1 - 022301_10, 2019/07

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.022301
 被引用回数：30 パーセンタイル：86.91(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

The PHENIX collaboration presents first measurements of low-momentum (0.4 $$< p_T <$$ 3 GeV/$$c$$) direct-photon yields from Au$$+$$Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$$ = 39 and 62.4 GeV. For both beam energies the direct-photon yields are substantially enhanced with respect to expectations from prompt processes, similar to the yields observed in Au$$+$$Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$$ = 200. Analyzing the photon yield as a function of the experimental observable $$dN_{rm ch}/deta$$ reveals that the low-momentum ($$>$$1 GeV/$$c$$) direct-photon yield $$dN_{gamma}^{rm dir}/deta$$ is a smooth function of $$dN_{rm ch}/deta$$ and can be well described as proportional to $$(dN_{rm ch}/deta)^alpha$$ with $$alpha approx$$ 1.25. This new scaling behavior holds for a wide range of beam energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and Large Hadron Collider, for centrality selected samples, as well as for different, $$A+A$$ collision systems. At a given beam energy the scaling also holds for high $$p_T$$ ($$>$$5 GeV/$$c$$) but when results from different collision energies are compared, an additional $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$$-dependent multiplicative factor is needed to describe the integrated-direct-photon yield.

論文

Measurement of two-particle correlations with respect to second- and third-order event planes in Au$$+$$Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他451名*

Physical Review C, 99(5), p.054903_1 - 054903_29, 2019/05

AA2019-0567.pdf:3.42MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.99.054903
 被引用回数：15 パーセンタイル：83.07(Physics, Nuclear)

We present measurements of azimuthal correlations of charged hadron pairs in $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV Au$$+$$Au collisions after subtracting an underlying event using a model that includes higher-order azimuthal anisotropy $$v_2$$, $$v_3$$, and $$v_4$$. After subtraction, the away-side ($$Deltaphisimpi)$$ of the highest transverse-momentum trigger ($$p_T > 4$$ GeV/$$c$$) correlations is suppressed compared to that of correlations measured in $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ collisions. At the lowest associated particle $$p_T$$, the away-side shape and yield are modified. These observations are consistent with the scenario of radiative-jet energy loss. For the lowest-$$p_T$$ trigger correlations, an away-side yield exists and we explore the dependence of the shape of the away-side within the context of an underlying-event model. Correlations are also studied differentially versus event-plane angle $$Psi_n$$. The angular correlations show an asymmetry when selecting the sign of the trigger-particle azimuthal angle with respect to the $$Psi_2$$ event plane. This asymmetry and the measured suppression of the pair yield out of plane is consistent with a path-length-dependent energy loss. No $$Psi_3$$ dependence can be resolved within experimental uncertainties.

論文

Multiparticle azimuthal correlations for extracting event-by-event elliptic and triangular flow in Au+Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$$ = 200 GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他317名*

Physical Review C, 99(2), p.024903_1 - 024903_16, 2019/02

AA2019-0531.pdf:1.31MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.99.024903
 被引用回数：11 パーセンタイル：74.44(Physics, Nuclear)

We present measurements of elliptic and triangular azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles detected at forward rapidity $$1 < |eta| < 3$$ in Au$$+$$Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV, as a function of centrality. The multiparticle cumulant technique is used to obtain the elliptic flow coefficients $$v_2{2}$$, $$v_2{4}$$, $$v_2{6}$$, and $$v_2{8}$$, and triangular flow coefficients $$v_3{2}$$ and $$v_3{4}$$. Using the small-variance limit, we estimate the mean and variance of the event-by-event $$v_2$$ distribution from $$v_2{2}$$ and $$v_2{4}$$. In a complementary analysis, we also use a folding procedure to study the distributions of $$v_2$$ and $$v_3$$ directly, extracting both the mean and variance. Implications for initial geometrical fluctuations and their translation into the final state momentum distributions are discussed.

論文

Low-momentum direct-photon measurement in Cu + Cu collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他448名*

Physical Review C, 98(5), p.054902_1 - 054902_11, 2018/11

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.054902
 被引用回数：14 パーセンタイル：75.94(Physics, Nuclear)

We have measured direct photons for $$p_T< 5~$$GeV/$$c$$ in minimum bias and 0% - 40% most central events at midrapidity for Cu$$+$$Cu collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV. The $$e^{+}e^{-}$$ contribution from quasi-real direct virtual photons has been determined as an excess over the known hadronic contributions in the $$e^{+}e^{-}$$ mass distribution. A clear enhancement of photons over the binary scaled $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ fit is observed for $$p_T < 4$$ GeV/$$c$$ in Cu$$+$$Cu data. The $$p_T$$ spectra are consistent with the Au$$+$$Au data covering a similar number of participants. The inverse slopes of the exponential fits to the excess after subtraction of the $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ baseline are 285$$pm$$53(stat)$$pm$$57(syst)~MeV/$$c$$ and 333$$pm$$72(stat)$$pm$$45(syst)~MeV/$$c$$ for minimum bias and 0% - 40% most central events, respectively. The rapidity density, $$dN/dy$$, of photons demonstrates the same power law as a function of $$dN_{rm ch}/deta$$ observed in Au$$+$$Au at the same collision energy.

論文

Measurement of $$phi$$-meson production at forward rapidity in $$p+p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}=510$$ GeV and its energy dependence from $$sqrt{s}=200$$ GeV to 7 TeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治*; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他351名*

Physical Review D, 98(9), p.092006_1 - 092006_13, 2018/11

AA2018-0656.pdf:0.92MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.98.092006
 被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.01(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured the differential cross section of $$phi$$(1020) meson production at forward rapidity in $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}=$$510 GeV via the dimuon decay channel. The integrated cross section in the rapidity and $$p_T$$ ranges $$1.2 < |y| < 2.2$$ and $$2 < p_T < 7$$ GeV/$$c$$ is $$sigma_phi=2.79 pm 0.20,{rm (stat)} pm 0.17,{rm (syst)} pm 0.34, {rm (norm)} times 10^{-2}$$~mb. The energy dependence of $$sigma_phi$$ ($$1.2 < |y|<2.2$$; $$2<p_T<5$$ GeV/$$c$$) is studied using the PHENIX measurements at $$sqrt{s}=$$200 and 510 GeV and the Large-Hadron-Collider measurements at $$sqrt{s}=$$2.76 and 7 TeV. The experimental results are compared to various event generator predictions (pythia6, pythia8, phojet, ampt, epos3, and epos-lhc).

論文

Pseudorapidity dependence of particle production and elliptic flow in asymmetric nuclear collisions of $$p$$+Al, $$p$$+Au, $$d$$+Au, and $$^{3}$$He+Au at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$$ = 200 GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他362名*

Physical Review Letters, 121(22), p.222301_1 - 222301_8, 2018/11

AA2018-0715.pdf:0.62MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.222301
 被引用回数：34 パーセンタイル：86.03(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Asymmetric nuclear collisions of $$p$$+Al, $$p$$+Au, $$d$$+Au, and $$^{3}$$He+Au at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$$ = 200 GeV provide an excellent laboratory for understanding particle production, as well as exploring interactions among these particles after their initial creation in the collision. We present measurements of charged hadron production $$dN_{rm ch}/deta$$ in all such collision systems over a broad pseudorapidity range and as a function of collision multiplicity. A simple wounded quark model is remarkably successful at describing the full data set. We also measure the elliptic flow $$v_{2}$$ over a similarly broad pseudorapidity range. These measurements provide key constraints on models of particle emission and their translation into flow.

論文

Cross section and longitudinal single-spin asymmetry $$A_L$$ for forward $$W^{pm}rightarrowmu^{pm}nu$$ production in polarized $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}=510$$ GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他423名*

Physical Review D, 98(3), p.032007_1 - 032007_14, 2018/08

AA2018-0591.pdf:1.99MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.98.032007
 被引用回数：14 パーセンタイル：59.03(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

We have measured the cross section and single spin asymmetries from forward $$W^{pm}rightarrowmu^{pm}nu$$ production in longitudinally polarized $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}=510$$ GeV using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The cross sections are consistent with previous measurements at this collision energy, while the most forward and backward longitudinal single spin asymmetries provide new insights into the sea quark helicities in the proton. The charge of the $$W$$ bosons provides a natural flavor separation of the participating partons.

論文

Measurement of emission angle anisotropy via long-range angular correlations with high-$$p_T$$ hadrons in $$d$$$$+$$Au and $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他468名*

Physical Review C, 98(1), p.014912_1 - 014912_16, 2018/07

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.014912
 被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：53.6(Physics, Nuclear)

We present measurements of two-particle angular correlations between high-transverse-momentum ($$2<p_T<11$$ GeV/$$c$$) $$pi^0$$ observed at midrapidity ($$|eta|<0.35$$) and particles produced either at forward ($$3.1<eta<3.9$$) or backward ($$-3.7<eta<-3.1$$) rapidity in $$d$$$$+$$Au and $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV. The azimuthal angle correlations for particle pairs with this large rapidity gap in the Au-going direction exhibit a ridge-like structure that persists up to $$p_T{approx}6$$ GeV/$$c$$ and which strongly depends on collision centrality, which is a similar characteristic to the hydrodynamical particle flow in A+A collisions. The ridge-like structure is absent in the $$d$$-going direction as well as in $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ collisions, in the transverse-momentum range studied. The results indicate that the ridge-like structure is shifted in the Au-going direction toward more central collisions, similar to the charged-particle pseudorapidity distributions.

論文

Measurements of mass-dependent azimuthal anisotropy in central $$p$$ + Au, $$d$$ + Au, and $$^3$$He + Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$$ = 200 GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他347名*

Physical Review C, 97, p.064904_1 - 064904_11, 2018/06

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.064904
 被引用回数：22 パーセンタイル：86.47(Physics, Nuclear)

We present measurements of the transverse-momentum dependence of elliptic flow $$v_2$$ for identified pions and (anti)protons at midrapidity ($$|eta|<0.35$$), in 0% - 5% central $$p$$ + Au and $$^3$$He + Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$$ = 200 GeV. When taken together with previously published measurements in $$d$$ + Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$$ = 200 GeV, the results cover a broad range of small-collision-system multiplicities and intrinsic initial geometries. We observe a clear mass-dependent splitting of $$v_2(p_{T})$$ in $$d$$ + Au and $$^3$$He + Au collisions, just as in large nucleus-nucleus ($$A$$ + $$A$$) collisions, and a smaller splitting in $$p$$ + Au collisions. Both hydrodynamic and transport model calculations successfully describe the data at low $$p_T$$ ($$< 1.5$$ GeV/$$c$$), but fail to describe various features at higher $$p_T$$. In all systems, the $$v_2$$ values follow an approximate quark-number scaling as a function of the hadron transverse kinetic energy per constituent quark($$KE_T/n_q$$), which was also seen previously in $$A$$ + $$A$$ collisions.

論文

L$'{e}$vy-stable two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in $$sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$$ GeV Au$$+$$Au collisions

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 永宮 正治; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他448名*

Physical Review C, 97(6), p.064911_1 - 064911_22, 2018/06

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.064911
 被引用回数：32 パーセンタイル：92.26(Physics, Nuclear)

We present a detailed measurement of charged two-pion correlation functions in 0%-30% centrality $$sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$$ GeV Au$$+$$Au collisions by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The data are well described by Bose-Einstein correlation functions stemming from L$'e$vy-stable source distributions. Using a fine transverse momentum binning, we extract the correlation strength parameter $$lambda$$, the L$'e$vy index of stability $$alpha$$ and the L$'e$vy length scale parameter $$R$$ as a function of average transverse mass of the pair $$m_T$$. We find that the positively and the negatively charged pion pairs yield consistent results, and their correlation functions are represented, within uncertainties, by the same L$'e$vy-stable source functions. The $$lambda(m_T)$$ measurements indicate a decrease of the strength of the correlations at low $$m_T$$. The L$'e$vy length scale parameter $$R(m_T)$$ decreases with increasing $$m_T$$, following a hydrodynamically predicted type of scaling behavior. The values of the L$'e$vy index of stability $$alpha$$ are found to be significantly lower than the Gaussian case of $$alpha=2$$, but also significantly larger than the conjectured value that may characterize the critical point of a second-order quark-hadron phase transition.

論文

Measurements of $$e^+e^-$$ pairs from open heavy flavor in $$p+p$$ and $$d+A$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 200 GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他497名*

Physical Review C, 96(2), p.024907_1 - 024907_19, 2017/08

AA2017-0466.pdf:2.14MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.024907
 被引用回数：11 パーセンタイル：65.8(Physics, Nuclear)

We report a measurement of $$e^+e^-$$ pairs from semileptonic heavy-flavor decays in $$p+p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 200 GeV. The $$e^+e^-$$ pair yield from $$bbar{b}$$ and $$cbar{c}$$ is separated by exploiting a double differential fit done simultaneously in dielectron invariant mass and $$p_T$$. We used three different event generators, ${sc pythia}$, ${sc mc@nlo}$, and ${sc powheg}$, to simulate the $$e^+e^-$$ spectra from $$bbar{b}$$ and $$cbar{c}$$ production. The data can be well described by all three generators within the detector acceptance. However, when using the generators to extrapolate to $$4pi$$, significant differences are observed for the total cross section. These difference are less pronounced for $$bbar{b}$$ than for $$cbar{c}$$. The same model dependence was observed in already published $$d+A$$ data. The $$p+p$$ data are also directly compared with $$d+A$$ data in mass and $$p_T$$, and within the statistical accuracy no nuclear modification is seen.

論文

Angular decay coefficients of $$J/psi$$ mesons at forward rapidity from $$p+p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}=510$$ GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他389名*

Physical Review D, 95(9), p.092003_1 - 092003_13, 2017/05

AA2017-0100.pdf:0.69MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.092003
 被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：13.72(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

We report the first measurement of the full angular distribution for inclusive $$J/psirightarrowmu^{+}mu^{-}$$ decays in $$p$$$$+$$$$p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}=510$$ GeV. The measurements are made for $$J/psi$$ transverse momentum $$2 < p_{T} < 10$$ GeV/$$c$$ and rapidity $$1.2 < y < 2.2$$ in the Helicity, Collins-Soper, and Gottfried-Jackson reference frames. In all frames the polar coefficient $$lambda_{theta}$$ is strongly negative at low $$p_{T}$$ and becomes close to zero at high $$p_{T}$$, while the azimuthal coefficient $$lambda_{phi}$$ is close to zero at low $$p_{T}$$, and becomes slightly negative at higher $$p_{T}$$. The frame-independent coefficient $$tilde{lambda}$$ is strongly negative at all $$p_{T}$$ in all frames. The data are compared to the theoretical predictions provided by nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics models.

論文

Nonperturbative-transverse-momentum effects and evolution in dihadron and direct photon-hadron angular correlations in $$p+p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 510 GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他462名*

Physical Review D, 95(7), p.072002_1 - 072002_19, 2017/04

AA2017-0102.pdf:1.1MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.072002
 被引用回数：11 パーセンタイル：49.91(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

Dihadron and isolated direct photon-hadron angular correlations are measured in $$p+p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 510 GeV. Correlations of charged hadrons of $$0.7 < p_T < 10$$ GeV/$$c$$ with $$pi^0$$ mesons of $$4 < p_T < 15$$ GeV/$$c$$ or isolated direct photons of $$7 < p_T < 15$$ GeV/$$c$$ are used to study nonperturbative effects generated by initial-state partonic transverse momentum and final-state transverse momentum from fragmentation. The nonperturbative behavior is characterized by measuring the out-of-plane transverse momentum component $$p_{rm out}$$ perpendicular to the axis of the trigger particle, which is the high-$$p_T$$ direct photon or $$pi^0$$. Nonperturbative evolution effects are extracted from Gaussian fits to the away-side inclusive-charged-hadron yields for different trigger-particle transverse momenta ($$p_{T}^{rm trig}$$). The Gaussian widths and root mean square of $$p_{rm out}$$ are reported as a function of the interaction hard scale $$p_{T}^{rm trig}$$ to investigate possible transverse-momentum-dependent evolution differences between the $$pi^0$$-$$h^pm$$ and direct photon-$$h^{pm}$$ correlations and factorization breaking effects. The widths are found to decrease with $$p_{T}^{rm trig}$$, which indicates that the Collins-Soper-Sterman soft factor is not driving the evolution with the hard scale in nearly back-to-back dihadron and direct photon-hadron production in $$p+p$$ collisions. This behavior is in contrast to Drell-Yan and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering measurements.

論文

Measurement of the relative yields of $$psi(2S)$$ to $$psi(1S)$$ mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in $$p+p$$, $$p+$$Al, $$p+$$Au, and $$^3$$He+Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$$ GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他361名*

Physical Review C, 95(3), p.034904_1 - 034904_10, 2017/03

AA2017-0047.pdf:0.58MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.034904
 被引用回数：15 パーセンタイル：75.85(Physics, Nuclear)

The PHENIX Collaboration has measured the ratio of the yields of $$psi(2S)$$ to $$psi(1S)$$ mesons produced in $$p+p$$, $$p+$$Al, $$p+$$Au, and $$^3$$He+Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$$ GeV over the forward and backward rapidity intervals $$1.2 < |y| < 2.2$$. We find that the ratio in $$p+p$$ collisions is consistent with measurements at other collision energies. In collisions with nuclei, we find that in the forward ($$p$$-going or $$^3$$He-going) direction, the relative yield of $$psi(2S)$$ mesons to $$psi(1S)$$ mesons is consistent with the value measured in $$p+p$$ collisions. However, in the backward (nucleus-going) direction, the $$psi(2S)$$ meson is preferentially suppressed by a factor of $$sim 2$$. This suppression is attributed in some models to the breakup of the weakly bound $$psi(2S)$$ meson through final-state interactions with comoving particles, which have a higher density in the nucleus-going direction. These breakup effects may compete with color screening in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma to produce sequential suppression of excited quarkonia states.

論文

Azimuthally anisotropic emission of low-momentum direct photons in Au+Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 200 GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他545名*

Physical Review C, 94(6), p.064901_1 - 064901_14, 2016/12

AA2016-0473.pdf:0.66MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.064901
 被引用回数：74 パーセンタイル：97.96(Physics, Nuclear)

The PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured second- and third-order Fourier coefficients of the azimuthal distributions of direct photons emitted at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 200 GeV for various collision centralities. Combining two different analysis techniques, results were obtained in the transverse momentum range of $$0.4 < p_T < 4.0$$ GeV/$$c$$. At low $$p_T$$ the second-order coefficients, $$v_2$$, are similar to the ones observed in hadrons. Third-order coefficients, $$v_3$$, are nonzero and almost independent of centrality. These new results on $$v_2$$ and $$v_3$$, combined with previously published results on yields, are compared to model calculations that provide yields and asymmetries in the same framework. Those models are challenged to explain simultaneously the observed large yield and large azimuthal anisotropies.

論文

Measurements of double-helicity asymmetries in inclusive $$J/psi$$ production in longitudinally polarized $$p+p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}=510$$ GeV

Adare, A.*; 今井 憲一; 長谷川 勝一; 永宮 正治; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他328名*

Physical Review D, 94(11), p.112008_1 - 112008_10, 2016/12

AA2016-0475.pdf:0.51MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.112008
 被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：42.39(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

We report the double-helicity asymmetry, $$A_{LL}^{J/psi}$$, in inclusive $$J/psi$$ production at forward rapidity as a function of transverse momentum $$p_T$$ and rapidity $$|y|$$. The data analyzed were taken during $$sqrt{s}=510$$ GeV longitudinally polarized $$p+p$$ collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in the 2013 run using the PHENIX detector. At this collision energy, $$J/psi$$ particles are predominantly produced through gluon-gluon scatterings, thus $$A_{LL}^{J/psi}$$ is sensitive to the gluon polarization inside the proton. We measured $$A_{LL}^{J/psi}$$ by detecting the decay daughter muon pairs $$mu^+mu^-$$ within the PHENIX muon spectrometers in the rapidity range $$1.2<|y|<2.2$$. In this kinematic range, we measured the $$A_{LL}^{J/psi}$$ to be $$0.012 pm 0.010 ({rm stat}) pm 0.003 ({rm syst})$$. The $$A_{LL}^{J/psi}$$ can be expressed to be proportional to the product of the gluon polarization distributions at two distinct ranges of Bjorken $$x$$: one at moderate range $$x cong 5 times 10^{-2}$$ where recent data of jet and $$pi^0$$ double helicity spin asymmetries have shown evidence for significant gluon polarization, and the other one covering the poorly known small-x region $$x cong 2 times 10^{-3}$$ Thus our new results could be used to further constrain the gluon polarization for $$x < 5 times 10^{-2}$$.

論文

Measurements of directed, elliptic, and triangular flow in Cu+Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$=200 GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他397名*

Physical Review C, 94(5), p.054910_1 - 054910_18, 2016/11

AA2016-0472.pdf:0.98MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.054910
 被引用回数：24 パーセンタイル：84.18(Physics, Nuclear)

Measurements of anisotropic flow Fourier coefficients ($$v_n$$) for inclusive charged particles and identified hadrons $$pi^{pm}$$, $$K^{pm}$$, $$p$$, and $$bar{p}$$ produced at midrapidity in Cu+Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 200 GeV are presented. The data were collected in 2012 by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). The particle azimuthal distributions with respect to different-order symmetry planes $$Psi_n$$, for $$n=$$1, 2, and 3 are studied as a function of transverse momentum $$p_T$$ over a broad range of collision centralities. Mass ordering, as expected from hydrodynamic flow, is observed for all three harmonics. The charged-particle results are compared with hydrodynamical and transport model calculations. We also compare these Cu+Au results with those in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at the same $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ and find that the $$v_2$$ and $$v_3$$, as a function of transverse momentum, follow a common scaling with $$1/(epsilon_n N_{rm part}^{1/3})$$.

論文

Measurement of the higher-order anisotropic flow coefficients for identified hadrons in Au + Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 200 GeV

Adare, A.*; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他385名*

Physical Review C, 93(5), p.051902_1 - 051902_8, 2016/05

AA2016-0390.pdf:0.48MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.051902
 被引用回数：35 パーセンタイル：90.49(Physics, Nuclear)

Measurements of the anisotropic flow coefficients $$v_2{Psi_2 }$$, $$v_3{Psi_3 }$$, $$v_4{Psi_4 }$$, and $$v_4{Psi_2 }$$, for identified particles ($$pi^{pm}$$, $$K^{pm}$$, and $$p+bar{p}$$) at midrapidity, obtained relative to the event planes $$Psi_m$$ at forward rapidities in Au + Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}} =$$ 200 GeV, are presented as a function of collision centrality and particle transverse momenta $$p_T$$. The $$vn$$ coefficients show characteristic patterns consistent with hydrodynamical expansion of the matter produced in the collisions. For each harmonic $$n$$, a modified valence quark-number $$N_q$$ scaling [plotting $$v_n{Psi_m}/(N_q)^{n/2}$$ versus transverse kinetic energies $$(KE_{T})/N_q$$] is observed to yield a single curve for all the measured particle species for a broad range of $$KE_{T}$$. A simultaneous blast-wave model fit to the observed $$v_n{Psi_m}/(p_T)$$ coefficients and published particle spectra identifies radial flow anisotropies $$rho_n{Psi_m}$$ and spatial eccentricities $$s_n{Psi_m}$$ at freeze-out. These are generally smaller than the initial-state participant-plane geometric eccentricities $$epsilon_n{Psi_m^{PP}}$$ as also observed in the final eccentricity from quantum interferometry measurements with respect to the event plane.

論文

Forward $$J/psi$$ production in U + U collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 193 GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他397名*

Physical Review C, 93(3), p.034903_1 - 034903_12, 2016/03

AA2015-1022.pdf:0.96MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.034903
 被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：57.48(Physics, Nuclear)

The invariant yields, $$dN/dy$$, for $$J/psi$$ production at forward rapidity ($$1.2 < |y| < 2.2$$) in U+U collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 193 GeV have been measured as a function of collision centrality. The invariant yields and nuclear-modification factor $$R_{AA}$$ are presented and compared with those from Au + Au collisions in the same rapidity range. Additionally, the direct ratio of the invariant yields from U + U and Au + Au collisions within the same centrality class is presented, and used to investigate the role of $$cbar{c}$$ coalescence. Two different parametrizations of the deformed Woods-Saxon distribution were used in Glauber calculations to determine the values of the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions in each centrality class, $$N_{rm coll}$$, and these were found to give significantly different $$N_{rm coll}$$ values. Results using $$N_{rm coll}$$ values from both deformed Woods-Saxon distributions are presented. The measured ratios show that the $$J/psi$$ suppression, relative to binary collision scaling, is similar in U + U and Au + Au for peripheral and midcentral collisions, but that $$J/psi$$ show less suppression for the most central U + U collisions. The results are consistent with a picture in which, for central collisions, increase in the $$J/psi$$ yield due to $$cbar{c}$$ coalescence becomes more important than the decrease in yield due to increased energy density. For midcentral collisions, the conclusions about the balance between $$cbar{c}$$ coalescence and suppression depend on which deformed Woods-Saxon distribution is used to determine $$N_{coll}$$.

論文

Single electron yields from semileptonic charm and bottom hadron decays in Au + Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 200 GeV

Adare, A.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 永宮 正治; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他426名*

Physical Review C, 93(3), p.034904_1 - 034904_29, 2016/03

AA2015-1023.pdf:2.82MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.034904
 被引用回数：43 パーセンタイル：93.7(Physics, Nuclear)

The PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured open heavy flavor production in minimum bias Au + Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 200 GeV via the yields of electrons from semileptonic decays of charm and bottom hadrons. Previous heavy flavor electron measurements indicated substantial modification in the momentum distribution of the parent heavy quarks owing to the quark-gluon plasma created in these collisions. For the first time, using the PHENIX silicon vertex detector to measure precision displaced tracking, the relative contributions from charm and bottom hadrons to these electrons as a function of transverse momentum are measured in Au + Au collisions. We compare the fraction of electrons from bottom hadrons to previously published results extracted from electron-hadron correlations in $$p + p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 200 GeV and find the fractions to be similar within the large uncertainties on both measurements for $$p_T>$$ 4 GeV/$$c$$. We use the bottom electron fractions in Au + Au and $$p + p$$ along with the previously measured heavy flavor electron $$R_{AA}$$ to calculate the $$R_{AA}$$ for electrons from charm and bottom hadron decays separately. We find that electrons from bottom hadron decays are less suppressed than those from charm for the region 3$$<p_T<$$ 4 GeV/$$c$$.

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