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Jolliet, S.; McMillan, B. F.*; Villard, L.*; Vernay, T.*; Angelino, P.*; Tran, T. M.*; Brunner, S.*; Bottino, A.*; 井戸村 泰宏
Journal of Computational Physics, 231(3), p.745 - 758, 2012/02
被引用回数：13 パーセンタイル：60.98(Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications)In this work, a Fourier solver is implemented in the global Eulerian gyrokinetic code GT5D and in the global Particle-In-Cell code ORB5 in order to reduce the memory of the matrix associated with the field equation. This scheme is verified with linear and nonlinear simulations of turbulence. It is demonstrated that the straight-field-line angle is the coordinate that optimizes the Fourier solver, that both linear and nonlinear turbulent states are unaffected by the parallel filtering, and that the 
spectrum is independent of plasma size at fixed normalized poloidal wave number.
Labit, B.*; Pochelon, A.*; Rancic, M.*; Piras, F.*; Bencze, A.*; Bottino, A.*; Brunner, S.*; Camenen, Y.*; Chattopadhyay, P. K.*; Coda, S.*; et al.
Proceedings of 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2010) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2011/03
We present recent results on turbulence measurements in TCV L-mode plasmas. The transport reduction at negative triangularity (compared to positive triangularity) is reflected in the reduction of the temperature fluctuation level, in the low frequency part of the spectrum (30-150 kHz), measured by correlation ECE in the outer equatorial plane. The TEM induced transport computed from nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations is shown to decrease with decreasing triangularity and increasing collisionality. First results of an experimental scenario to reach the H-mode regime at negative triangularity in TCV are presented. Then, we report on an innovative divertor magnetic configuration: the snowflake (SF) divertor as opposed to the classical single-null (SN) divertor. For ELMy SF plasmas, the strike-point properties (density, temperature, fluctuation level,...) are studied with Langmuir probes (LPs) and compared with those of a SN configuration obtained within the same discharge.
Villard, L.*; Bottino, A.*; Brunner, S.*; Casati, A.*; Chowdhury, J.*; Dannert, T.*; Ganesh, R.*; Garbet, X.*; G
rler, T.*; Grandgirard, V.*; et al.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 52(12), p.124038_1 - 124038_18, 2010/11
被引用回数：18 パーセンタイル：56.51(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)This paper presents some of the main recent advances in gyrokinetic theory and computing of turbulence. A past controversy regarding the finite size (finite 
) effect in ITG turbulence has now been resolved. Now, both Eulerian and Lagrangian global codes are shown to agree and to converge to the flux-tube result in the 
0 limit. It is found, however, that an appropriate treatment of geometrical terms is necessary. Turbulent processes are characterized by a chaotic behavior, often accompanied by bursts and avalanches. Performing ensemble averages of statistically independent simulations, starting from different initial conditions, is presented as a way to assess the intrinsic variability of turbulent fluxes and obtain reliable estimates of the standard deviation.
McMillan, B. F.*; Lapillonne, X.*; Brunner, S.*; Villard, L.*; Jolliet, S.; Bottino, A.*; Grler, T.*; Jenko, F.*
Physical Review Letters, 105(15), p.155001_1 - 155001_4, 2010/10
被引用回数：100 パーセンタイル：93.39(Physics, Multidisciplinary)The scaling of turbulence-driven heat transport with system size in magnetically confined plasmas is re-examined using first-principles based numerical simulations. Two very different numerical methods are applied to this problem, in order to resolve a long-standing quantitative disagreement, which may have arisen due to inconsistencies in the geometrical approximation. System size effects are further explored by modifying the width of the strong gradient region at fixed system size. The finite width of the strong gradient region in gyroradius units, rather than the finite overall system size, is found to induce the diffusivity reduction seen in global gyrokinetic simulations.
Bottino, A.*; Scott, B. D.*; Brunner, S.*; McMillan, B. F.*; Tran, T. M.*; Vernay, T.*; Villard, L.*; Jolliet, S.; Hatzky, R.*; Peeters, A. G.*
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 38(9), p.2129 - 2135, 2010/09
被引用回数：26 パーセンタイル：69.51(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)The particle-in-cell code ORB5 is a global gyrokinetic turbulence simulation code in tokamak geometry. It solves the gyrokinetic equation in the whole plasma core, including the magnetic axis. A field-aligned filtering procedure and sophisticated noise/control and heating operators allow for accurate simulations. Recently, the code ORB5 has been extended to include self-consistent perpendicular magnetic field perturbations. The inclusion of magnetic perturbations allows for a comprehensive study of finite 
effects on microinstability. In this paper, we present the first linear and nonlinear code results concerning electromagnetic effects on tokamak microinstabilities.
Jolliet, S.*; Bottino, A.*; Angelino, P.*; Hatzky, R.*; Tran, T. M.*; McMillan, B. F.*; Sauter, O.*; Appert, K.*; 井戸村 泰宏; Villard, L.*
Computer Physics Communications, 177(5), p.409 - 425, 2007/09
被引用回数：179 パーセンタイル：98.47(Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications)グローバルプラズマ乱流シミュレーションコードORB5について報告する。コードの大きな特徴は、直線磁力線座標を用い磁力線に沿ったフーリエフィルターを適用することによる数値ノイズ低減や時間ステップ幅の伸長により、処理性能を大幅に向上させたことである。また、もう一つの特徴は任意の軸対称理想MHD平衡配位を取り扱えることである。帯状流の解析解、及び、ほかのコードとの線形及び非線形テストにおいてコードの妥当性を検証した。
Villard, L.*; Angelino, P.*; Bottino, A.*; Allfrey, S. J.*; Hatzky, R.*; 井戸村 泰宏; Sauter, O.*; Tran, T. M.*
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 46(12B), p.B51 - B62, 2004/12
被引用回数：29 パーセンタイル：67.01(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)ジャイロ運動論に基づく近年の第一原理プラズマ乱流シミュレーションの現状をレビューするとともに、ジャイロ運動論におけるv//非線形性,ジャイロ運動論的Poisson方程式における幾何効果の厳密な取り扱いといった、これまでの近似的に無視されてきた問題がシミュレーション結果に及ぼす影響を定量的に議論した。これらの効果の注意深い取り扱いの結果、エネルギー・密度保存を満足する乱流シミュレーションが可能になった。新しいシミュレーションでは(1)乱流の広がりが熱流速のバーストと圧力分布の局所平坦化の連鎖的な雪崩現象で生じる,(2)非線形の駆動されるE
B流はイオンラーマー半径の30倍程度のスケール長のグローバルなシア流になるといった、以前のシミュレーションでは見られなかった現象が明らかになった。
Bottino, A.*; Angelino, P.*; Allfrey, S. J.*; Brunner, S.*; Hatzky, R.*; 井戸村 泰宏; Jolliet, S.*; Sauter, O.*; Tran, T. M.*; Villard, L.*
Theory of Fusion Plasmas, ISPP21, p.75 - 86, 2004/00
非線形静電的グローバルPICコードORB5は実MHD平衡において、断熱的電子応答を仮定してジャイロ運動論的Vlasov-Poisson系を解析する。最適化粒子配分法と適応幅ジャイロ平均アルゴリズムの実装により、現バージョンのコードは非常に優れて粒子・エネルギー保存特性を有する。この基本的な保存特性は数値シミュレーションの質を測る量として重要である。論文ではExB帯状流と平行速度非線形性を含めた静電的無衝突微視的不安定性のシミュレーション結果をCHEASEコードから得られた実MHD並行配位において初めて示す。
Jolliet, S.*; Angelino, P.*; Bottino, A.*; 井戸村 泰宏; Villard, L.*
Theory of Fusion Plasmas, ISPP21, p.345 - 351, 2004/00
グローバル粒子シミュレーションはイオン系乱流の時間発展を解析するうえで非常に有効な手法であるが、非常に計算コストが高い。このため、より洗練されたシミュレーションを実現するためには、さらにコードを最適化する必要がある。論文ではVlasov方程式を円柱座標(r,z)で解き、Poisson方程式を磁束座標(r,
)で解くLORB5コードに関して、どちらの方程式も単一の磁束座標(s,
)で取り扱うモデルを提案する。ここで、はstraight-field-lineポロイダル座標を示す。磁気軸での特異性を避ける手法、Cycloneパラメータを用いたベンチマークについても報告する。
Jolliet, S.*; Villard, L.*; 井戸村 泰宏; McMillan, B. F.*; Bottino, A.*; Lapillonne, X.*
no journal, ,
トカマクプラズマにおける電子乱流輸送の主要機構となっている捕捉電子駆動乱流のジャイロ運動論的PICシミュレーションを行い、従来のイオン温度勾配駆動乱流との比較からその輸送特性や帯状流の性質を議論した。
Jolliet, S.; McMillan, B. F.*; Bottino, A.*; Angelino, P.*; Lapillonne, X.*; Vernay, T.*; 井戸村 泰宏; Villard, L.*
no journal, ,
The global Particle-In-Cell ORB5 code [Jolliet, CPC, 2007] has been extended to include the kinetic response of trapped electrons. The gyrokinetic model is explained and a linear benchmark is presented. Nonlinear simulations show that, for the set of parameters considered, the influence of the zonal flows on Trapped-Electron-Mode turbulence is weak. These results are in agreement with previous results obtained with the flux-tube PIC code GEM [Lang, POP, 2008].
McMillan, B. F.*; Jolliet, S.; Tran, T. M.*; Bottino, A.*; Lapillonne, X.*; Villard, L.*
no journal, ,
In this work, the role of system size (rhostar scaling) and shear flow levels on ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence in gyrokinetic simulations is explored using the ORB5 code. Firstly, the scaling of heat flux level versus system size in plasmas with zero initial flow shear is reexamined. Secondly, the effect of poloidal shear flow on ITG turbulence is examined. Even at flow levels many times smaller than the supression threshold, nonlinear turbulence is only seen in the simulation if the initial perturbation is large: the system manifests subcritical turbulence. Inward or outward propagating avalanches and inward and outward shifted diffusivity profiles are seen according to the sign of the flow shear. In cases with strong flow shear almost all the flux is associated with avalanches, which propagate across the entire region with strong pressure gradient.
