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論文

Eustatic change modulates exhumation in the Japanese Alps

King, G. E.*; Ahadi, F.*; 末岡 茂; Herman, F.*; Anderson, L.*; Gautheron, C.*; 塚本 すみ子*; Stalder, N.*; Biswas, R.*; Fox, M.*; et al.

Geology, 51(2), p.131 - 135, 2023/02

The exhumation of bedrock is controlled by the interplay between tectonics, surface processes, and climate. The highest exhumation rates of centimeters per year are recorded in zones of highly active tectonic convergence such as the Southern Alps of New Zealand or the Himalayan syntaxes, where high rock uplift rates combine with very active surface processes. Using a combination of different thermochronometric systems including trapped-charge thermochronometry, we show that such rates also occur in the Hida Mountain Range, Japanese Alps. Our results imply that centimeter per year rates of exhumation are more common than previously thought. Our thermochronometry data allow the development of time series of exhumation rate changes at the time scale of glacial-interglacial cycles, which show a fourfold increase in baseline rates to rates of $$sim$$10 mm/yr within the past $$sim$$65 k.y. This increase in exhumation rate is likely explained by knickpoint propagation due to a combination of very high precipitation rates, climatic change, sea-level fall, range-front faulting, and moderate rock uplift. Our data resolve centimeter-scale sub-Quaternary exhumation rate changes, which show that in regions with horizontal convergence, coupling between climate, surface processes, and tectonics can exert a significant and rapid effect on rates of exhumation.

論文

Simultaneous determination of neutron-induced fission and radiative capture cross sections from decay probabilities obtained with a surrogate reaction

P$'e$rez S$'a$nchez, R.*; Jurado, B.*; M$'e$ot, V.*; Roig, O.*; Dupuis, M.*; Bouland, O.*; Denis-Petit, D.*; Marini, P.*; Mathieu, L.*; Tsekhanovich, I.*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 125(12), p.122502_1 - 122502_5, 2020/09

 被引用回数:8 パーセンタイル:70.98(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Reliable neutron-induced-reaction cross sections of unstable nuclei are essential for nuclear astrophysics and applications but their direct measurement is often impossible. The surrogate-reaction method is one of the most promising alternatives to access these cross sections. In this work, we successfully applied the surrogate-reaction method to infer for the first time both the neutron-induced fission and radiative capture cross sections of $$^{239}$$Pu in a consistent manner from a single measurement. This was achieved by combining simultaneously measured fission and $$gamma$$-emission probabilities for the $$^{240}$$Pu($$^{4}$$He, $$^{4}$$He') surrogate reaction with a calculation of the angular-momentum and parity distributions populated in this reaction. While other experiments measure the probabilities for some selected $$gamma$$-ray transitions, we measure the $$gamma$$-emission probability. This enlarges the applicability of the surrogate-reaction method.

口頭

Low-temperature thermochronometry of the Japanese Alps

King, G.*; 塚本 すみ子*; 末岡 茂; Herman, F.*; Ahadi, F.*; Gautheron, C.*; Delpech, G.*; 田上 高広*

no journal, , 

日本列島は世界でも有数の変動帯かつ湿潤地域であり、日本アルプスは地球上で最も盛んに削剥が進行している地域の一つである。日本アルプスの削剥史の解明は、単に本地域のテクトニクスの解明のみならず、テクトニクスと気候変動の相互作用の理解にも有用と期待される。本講演では、OSL(光ルミネッセンス)熱年代やESR(電子スピン共鳴)熱年代と言った、極めて低い閉鎖温度を持つ新たな熱年代計を用いた、日本アルプスの削剥史推定の試みについて紹介する。飛騨山脈の黒部地域では、全19地点(高熱隧道の4地点含む)で試料を採取しており、これらから得られた年代データと、他手法による既報年代から過去約300万年間の削剥史を統合的に解明中である。

口頭

Constraining the Quaternary evolution of the Hida range of the Japanese Alps

King, G.*; 末岡 茂; 塚本 すみ子*; Biswas, R.*; Herman, F.*; Ahadi, F.*; Gautheron, C.*; Delpech, G.*; 田上 高広*

no journal, , 

閉鎖温度が極めて低い熱年代手法(光ルミネッセンス法, 電子スピン共鳴法)を用いて、第四紀における飛騨山脈の削剥史の復元を試みた。いずれの測定結果からも、第四紀における急激な冷却・削剥が推定された。60$$^{circ}$$C/kmの地温勾配を仮定すると、削剥速度は、MIS4では約10mm/yrだったのが、最近2万年間では約1-3mm/yrに減少した可能性がある。

口頭

Ultra-low temperature luminescence thermochronometry of the northern Japanese Alps

King, G.*; 末岡 茂; 塚本 すみ子*; Herman, F.*; Ahadi, F.*; Gautheron, C.*; Delpech, G.*; 田上 高広*

no journal, , 

熱年代学は、岩石の冷却速度を測定することで、削剥速度の推定が可能な手法である。近年発展したルミネッセンス熱年代は、光ルミネッセンス年代測定法を基にした手法で、100度以下の超低温領域の熱史の解明に加えて、1万年から10万年オーダーの時間スケールへの適用が可能である。本手法を飛騨山脈の基盤岩類に適用したところ、過去20万年間において約400度/100万年の急激な冷却が推定された。これらのデータを、先行研究によるより高温領域の熱年代学的データと組み合わせることで、より詳細な地形発達史の解明が期待できる。

口頭

Sub-Quaternary exhumation rates changes in the Hida range of the Japanese Alps; A Climatic control?

King, G.*; 末岡 茂; 塚本 すみ子*; Herman, F.*; Ahadi, F.*; Gautheron, C.*; Delpech, G.*; 田上 高広*

no journal, , 

飛騨山脈は最近約1Maに急速に隆起したフェーズを持っていると考えられているが、この時代には氷期-間氷期サイクルが卓越している。本研究では、極めて低い閉鎖温度を持つ2種類の熱年代学的手法(ルミネッセンス熱年代、電子スピン共鳴熱年代)を飛騨山脈で採取した19点の基盤岩試料に適用し、第四紀後期の削剥史の推定を試みた。両手法とも共通して、最近10万年間は急速な冷却を示した。地温勾配を60度/kmと仮定すると、削剥速度はMIS4には約10mm/yrだったのが、最近2万年間には約1-3mm/yrに減少しており、氷河侵食による影響が示唆された。

口頭

Constraining the Quaternary evolution of the Hida range of the Japanese Alps using trapped-charge thermochronometry

King, G.*; 末岡 茂; 塚本 すみ子*; Herman, F.*; Ahadi, F.*; Gautheron, C.*; Delpech, G.*; 田上 高広*

no journal, , 

日本列島は地球上で最もテクトニクスが活動的な地域のひとつであり、湿潤な気候等と相まって、日本アルプスはテクトニクスと気候・侵食プロセスの関係を検討するのに適した地域である。本研究では、閉鎖温度が極めて低い光ルミネッセンス(OSL)熱年代および電子スピン共鳴(ESR)熱年代を飛騨山脈で採取した19試料に適用した。両者はいずれも過去100kaにおける急速な冷却を示した。地温勾配を60$$^{circ}$$Cと仮定すると、MIS4では削剥速度は約10mm/yrに達したのに対し、過去20kaでは約1-3mm/yrに減少しており、寒冷・湿潤な時代における削剥速度の増加が示唆される。

口頭

Pliocene to Quaternary thermal evolution of the Hida range (Japanese Alps) using zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology

Ahadi, F.*; Gautheron, C.*; Delpech, G.*; King, G.*; 末岡 茂; 塚本 すみ子*; Herman, F.*; 田上 高広*

no journal, , 

日本アルプスの飛騨山脈の隆起・削剥史の解明のため、ジルコン(U-Th-Sm)/He熱年代を適用した。長さ約10km、標高860-2889mの側線において12試料から31個の年代値が得られた。年代は2.7-0.13Maの値を取り、標高と明瞭な相関を示した。これらの結果は先行研究によるジルコンフィッション・トラック年代や光ルミネッセンス年代とも調和的である。年代-標高プロットからは、飛騨山脈北部における約2Ma以降の削剥速度の増加が示唆された。

口頭

OSL and ESR thermochronometry of the Hida Range, northern Japanese Alps

King, G.*; 末岡 茂; 塚本 すみ子*; Herman, F.*; Ahadi, F.*; Gautheron, C.*; Delpech, G.*; 田上 高広*

no journal, , 

光ルミネッセンス(OSL)および電子スピン共鳴(ESR)熱年代は、近年発達した手法で、第四紀の侵食史の推定に有効である。本講演では、OSLおよびESR熱年代の概要と、日本アルプス北部の飛騨山脈における応用事例について紹介する。飛騨山脈は、世界で最も活動的な変動帯の一つである日本列島に位置し、3-1Ma以降に隆起したと考えらえている。基盤岩試料19点について両手法を適用したところ、100ka以降の急冷パターンが共通して得られた。地温勾配を60$$^{circ}$$C/kmと仮定すると、削剥速度はMIS4では約10mm/yrであったが、過去20kaでは約1-3mm/yrに減少しており、寒冷・湿潤の気候下の方が侵食速度が速かったことが示唆される。

口頭

Using a 3-D heat transport model (PeCUBE) to invert OSL- and ESR-derived rock cooling histories into erosion rate changes in the Hida Range of Japan

Anderson, L.*; Bartz, M.*; King, G.*; Fox, M.*; Herman, F.*; Stalder, N.*; Biswas, R.*; 末岡 茂; 塚本 すみ子*; Ahadi, F.*; et al.

no journal, , 

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) thermochronometry have the potential to resolve continuous erosion histories from rapidly eroding settings. These thermochronometers are viable over the past few hundred thousand to a million years. These time periods are defined by persistent oscillations between warm and cold states. During the Quaternary, fundamental questions about the relationship between climate and erosion remain unanswered. With further development, the OSL and ESR thermochronometers could answer these questions. To realize this potential new strategies are required to invert low-temperature thermal histories for erosion rates. Here, we explore the use of PeCUBE (Braun, 2003), a three-dimensional finite-element model that simulates heat conduction and advection in the upper crust. As a training dataset we use cooling histories derived from eight samples from the Tateyama region in the Hida Mountains of Japan. The flexibility of PeCUBE allows us to quantify the role of time varying surface temperatures between glacial and interglacial periods. In high-relief settings the three-dimensionality of the topography, for example between valleys and ridges, can substantially perturb rock temperatures. PeCUBE allows us to quantify and remove these confounding topographic effects. We additionally explore the role of changing topographic relief on time varying thermal fields and erosion rates. Lastly, we explore a generous range of model parameters to quantify the sensitivity and robustness of our inversions.

口頭

Unravelling rock cooling histories of the Japanese Alps using ESR thermochronometry

Bartz, M.*; King, G.*; Anderson, L.*; Herman, F.*; 末岡 茂; 塚本 すみ子*; Ahadi, F.*; Gautheron, C.*; Delpech, G.*; Schwarz, S.*; et al.

no journal, , 

Electron spin resonance (ESR) thermochronometry has the potential to resolve continuous erosion histories from rapidly eroding settings over 10$$^{6}$$ time scales. These time periods are defined by persistent oscillations between warm and cold states. However, questions about the relationship between climate and erosion remain unanswered. We further develop ESR thermochronometry of quartz (Al and Ti centres) to answer these questions in the Tateyama region in the Hida Mountains of Japan. In the result, the Al and Ti centres in quartz can successfully be inverted to unravel rock cooling histories. As future work, all ESR signals will be converted together with OSL data, providing further constraints on their thermal histories.

口頭

Eustatic change modulates exhumation in the Japanese Alps

King, G. E.*; Ahadi, F.*; 末岡 茂; Herman, F.*; Anderson, L.*; Gautheron, C.*; 塚本 すみ子*; Stalder, N.*; Biswas, R.*; Fox, M.*; et al.

no journal, , 

The exhumation of bedrock is controlled by the interplay between tectonics, surface processes and climate. The highest exhumation rates of cm/yr are recorded in zones of highly active tectonic convergence. Here, we use a combination of different thermochronometric systems, and notably trapped-charge thermochronometery, to show that such rates also occur in the Hida Range, Japanese Alps. Our results imply that cm/yr rates of exhumation may be more common than previously thought. The Hida Range is the most northern and most extensive of the Japanese Alps, and reaches elevations of up to 3000 m a.s.l. The Hida Range is thought to have uplifted in the last 3 Myr in response to E-W compression and magmatism. Our study focuses on samples from the Kurobe gorge, which is one of the steepest gorges in Japan. Previous work has shown that exhumation rates in this region are exceptionally high, as documented by the exposure of the ~0.8 Ma Kurobe granite in the gorge. We combined 12 new zircon (U-Th/He) ages and 11 new OSL-thermochronometry ages together with existing thermochronometric data to investigate the late Pleistocene exhumation of this region. We found that exhumation rates increased to ~10 mm/yr within the past 300 kyr, likely in response to river base-level fall that increased channel steepness due to climatically controlled eustatic changes. Our data allow the development of time-series of exhumation rate changes at the timescale of glacial-interglacial cycles and show a four-fold increase in baseline rates over the past ~65 kyr. This increase in exhumation rate is likely explained by knickpoint propagation due to a combination of very high precipitation rates, climatic change, sea-level fall, range-front faulting and moderate rock uplift. Our data show that in regions with horizontal convergence, coupling between climate, surface processes and tectonics can exert a significant effect on rates of exhumation.

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