Plastic deformation and microstructural evolution during cryogenic charpy impact of high-Mn austenitic steel

Jiang, L.*; Wang, H. H.*; Su, Y. H.; 徐 平光; 篠原 武尚; Xia, B.*; Wang, Y. W.*

Journal of Materials Science, 61(14), p.9754 - 9775, 2026/04

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-026-12472-x

In this study, pulsed neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging was employed to characterize plastic deformation of high-manganese austenitic steel during cryogenic impact fracture. Electron backscatter diffraction was used to examine the microstructural evolution. The results reveal that the Bragg-edge width was identified as the critical value for large plastic deformation. Both crack initiation and stable crack growth regions exhibited higher levels of plastic deformation, twin density, and dislocation density compared to unstable crack growth regions. As the test temperature decreased from 273 K to 77 K, the transition point from stable to unstable crack growth occurred earlier. This is responsible for the reduction in impact absorbed energy. These findings provide new insights into the cryogenic toughening mechanism of high-manganese steel.

J-PARC安全管理年報(2024年度)

J-PARCセンター 安全ディビジョン

JAEA-Review 2025-056, 145 Pages, 2026/03

JAEA-Review-2025-056.pdf:9.08MB

本報告書は、大強度陽子加速器施設(J-PARC)の安全管理(放射線安全及び一般安全)について2024年度の活動をとりまとめたものである。放射線管理については、施設及び周辺環境の放射線管理、個人線量の管理、放射線安全管理設備の維持・管理等の業務の概要、その他の関連業務について記述した。一般安全については、検討会及び各種専門部会、安全衛生会議、教育・講習会、訓練、さらに安全巡視等について記述した。また、安全文化醸成活動及び安全管理業務に関連して行った技術開発・研究についても、章を分けて記述した。

Synthesis of high-entropy hydride from the cantor alloy (fcc-CoCrFeNiMn) at extreme conditions

Glazyrin, K.*; Spektor, K.*; Bykov, M.*; Carvalho, P. H. B.*; Dong, W.*; Krmann, F.*; 佐野 亜沙美; 服部 高典; Beyer, D. C.*; Sahlberg, M.*; et al.

Nature Communications (Internet), 17, p.2622_1 - 2622_10, 2026/03

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70483-3

高エントロピー材料の研究は様々な科学分野に貢献し、応用面で興味深い特性を次々と明らかにしている。本研究では、高温高圧下におけるX線・中性子飛行時間法実験および第一原理計算により、カンター合金(CoCrFeNiMn)の水素抵抗性を調査した。我々は、カンター合金組成に基づく面心立方(fcc)型水素化物の形成を報告する。さらに、水素含有量の推定を含むその特性評価を提供する。これらの知見は、高エントロピー合金および高エントロピー水素化物の複雑な化学に関する知見の蓄積に貢献するものである。

Magnetic evolution, phase transitions, and electronic band structure of the ferrotoroidic candidate BaCrS

Zhao, G.*; Li, J.*; Zhang, J.*; 小嶋 健児*; Cai, Y.*; 伊藤 孝; Yoon, S. W.*; Wang, X.*; 前川 禎通*; Su, G.*; et al.

Physical Review Research (Internet), 8(1), p.013331_1 - 013331_10, 2026/03

https://doi.org/10.1103/h576-nnnz

Ferrotoroidic materials, which break both time- and space-reversal symmetries to enhance magnetoelectric responses, are of great interest for applications. BaCrS, a recently synthesized quasi-one-dimensional ferrotoroidic candidate, combines polarization, magnetization, and toroidal moment, yet its electronic band structure, magnetic evolution, and phase transitions remain incompletely understood to date. Here, we investigate BaCrS, using electrical transport, direct current magnetization, alternating current susceptibility, specific heat, and muon spin rotation (SR) measurements, along with various first-principles calculations. Electrical transport measurements and density functional theory confirm a narrow band gap (0.707~eV, experimentally; 0.680~eV, theoretically). SR measurements reveal that static magnetism dominates down to 2~K, with an ordered volume fraction of 89% at this temperature. Two distinct transitions are identified: one around the Nel temperature [~K] and another corresponding to a phase transition near 30~K, as consistently indicated by our complementary experimental techniques. The absence of dynamic critical behaviors and the lack of a -type specific heat anomaly are consistent with a first-order-like transition at . Based on various complementary experimental results and theoretical calculations, we propose a hypothesis that the 30~K broad feature arises from the complex interplay between crystal structure distortion and magnetic coupling, which is potentially directly linked to ferrotoroidicity. As the first study integrating SR with complementary experiments and first-principles calculations to explore ferrotoroidicity, this work provides key insights into the underlying physics of BaCrS and related compounds in this area.

Super-ductile magnesium alloy at room temperature

Li, H.*; Gong, W.; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.; Zheng, R.*; 他6名*

Acta Materialia, 305, p.121884_1 - 121884_10, 2026/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2025.121884

The quest for lightweight and highly formable magnesium (Mg) alloys has drawn significant attention due to the growing demand for energy-efficient structural materials. Achieving high ductility in Mg at room temperature, which is critical for mass production of structural components, remains a formidable challenge despite decades of research. In this study, we demonstrate super-ductility in an ultrafine-grained (UFG) Mg alloy at room temperature. By microalloying with trace manganese (Mn) and reducing the grain size to sub-micron scale, Mg-0.3Mn binary alloy achieves an exceptional room temperature tensile elongation of 135% at a quasi-static strain rate. Detailed microstructural analysis reveals that grain boundary (GB) sliding, rather than intragranular dislocation slip, is the dominant deformation mechanism in the UFG Mg-0.3Mn alloy. Unlike conventional alloying strategies that lead to GB pinning, the segregation of Mn element along GBs in a manner of nano-clusters could reduce interfacial bonding strength, acting as a lubricant to facilitate GB sliding and thus dramatically boost the ductility. This innovative GB engineering approach unlocks unprecedentedly remarkable deformability of Mg-based alloys at room temperature, paving the way for next-generation lightweight structural applications.

Development of HCl-free solid-phase extraction combined with ICP-MS/MS for rapid assessment of difficult-to-measure radionuclides, 4; Rapid determination of Pd in concrete rubble

太田 祐貴; Do, V.-K.; Banjarnahor, I. M.; 岩橋 弘之; 古瀬 貴広; 田中 康介

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 335(1), p.939 - 948, 2026/02

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-026-10735-0

This paper presents an analytical method for detecting Pd in concrete using inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). Palladium was purified through an HCl-free chromatographic process utilizing Ni-resin, which was optimized for high and stable chemical recovery. Palladium was effectively retained on the Ni-resin when treated with dilute nitric acid and was subsequently eluted with hot concentrated nitric acid. This approach improved elution efficiency and increased the recovery rate to over 90%. The determination of Pd via ICP-MS/MS was performed using NH as a reaction gas. By measuring the mass shift of 51, corresponding to Pd(NH) product ions, we successfully eliminated interference from the isobar Ag. The total interference removal factor for Ag reached approximately 10,000, demonstrating that the method is highly selective and reliable for quantifying Pd. The method detection limit for 107Pd in concrete matrices was estimated to be 0.05 Bq g, indicating its sensitivity to detect low levels of the radionuclide, in compliance with environmental safety regulations. This method is now routinely used to monitor Pd in concrete samples collected from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station.

Microscopic study of the low-energy enhancement in the -decay strength of V

Dahl, J. K.*; Larsen, A. C.*; 清水 則孝*; 宇都野 穣

Physical Review C, 113(2), p.024328_1 - 024328_16, 2026/02

https://doi.org/10.1103/csx6-6g5k

Vに対する核準位密度とガンマ線強度関数を、--殻をバレンス殻にとった大規模殻模型計算によって調べた。オスロ法による実験データを全体的によく説明し、特に、低エネルギーの遷移の強度が増大するという特徴を再現することに成功した。そのメカニズムを解明するために、遷移の行列要素を軌道角運動量部分とスピン角運動量部分に分け、その干渉項の符号の分布を調べた。その結果、低エネルギーガンマ崩壊に対しては、正の干渉が主であるという新しい知見が得られた。

Incommensurate magnetism drives singular angular magnetoresistance in the magnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlGe

Yao, X.*; Chen, P.*; Verma, R.*; Zhao, X.*; Yang, H.-Y.*; DeBeer-Schmitt, L.*; Aczel, A. A.*; Wu, C.-M.*; Alba-Venero, D.*; 大原 高志; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 136(8), p.086702_1 - 086702_6, 2026/02

https://doi.org/10.1103/fdds-f72t

We demonstrate that a multi-k incommensurate magnetic state in the Weyl semimetal CeAlGe gives rise to a singular angular magnetoresistance (SAMR), which is an electrical transport signature capable of detecting magnetic field direction with exceptional precision. In contrast, its sister compound CeAlSi is devoid of both multi-k order and SAMR. We reveal that both phenomena appear upon 57% Ge substitution in CeAlSi1-xGex and coincide with electronic structure changes that soften the single-ion in-plane anisotropy and enhance Weyl-mediated magnetic interactions. These results unveil a remarkable connection between band topology, electronic transport, and collective magnetism in Weyl semimetals.

Practical approach of airborne gamma-ray spectrometry using UAVs for evaluating ground-level dose rates

Ji, Y.-Y.*; Ji, W.*; Kim, K.*; Kim, M. J.*; 越智 康太郎; 森下 祐樹; 眞田 幸尚

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 244, p.113781_1 - 113781_12, 2026/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113781

UAVによる空中線スペクトロメトリは迅速な放射線マッピングを可能にするが、飛行高度による減衰、視野効果、汚染の不均一性、地形条件により地上線量率の定量評価は難しい。本研究では福島第一原子力発電所周辺でホバリング飛行による校正と地上測定を組み合わせた実用的手法を開発した。二重指数モデルで高度補正係数を導出し、三脚およびバックパック測定と比較した結果、不均一サイトでの補正は系統誤差を生むが、均一サイトでの校正により一致が改善された。適切な補正を用いれば、UAV空中測定は信頼できる線量率分布評価が可能である。

Low-temperature deformation mechanism in a work-hardenable body-centered cubic high-entropy alloy with a large uniform elongation

Zhu, L.*; Dong, W.*; Naeem, M.*; Kong, H.*; Hu, C.*; Fan, Z.*; Gong, W.; Harjo, S.; Lan, S.*; Wu, Y.*; et al.

Acta Materialia, 303, p.121734_1 - 121734_10, 2026/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2025.121734

Body-centered cubic (BCC) metals typically exhibit high yield strength but limited work hardening and uniform elongation, especially at low temperatures. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) offer opportunities to overcome these limitations, though their deformation mechanisms remain unclear. Using in situ neutron diffraction and microstructural analysis, this study identifies the origin of the exceptionally large uniform elongation at liquid nitrogen temperature in a single-phase BCC (TiZrHf)AlNb HEA. Initial plastic deformation is governed by a BCC-to-orthorhombic (") transformation, followed by " twinning and deformation-induced amorphization at later stages. The cooperation of these mechanisms suppresses work softening from dislocation plasticity, enabling high yield strength with large uniform elongation and providing a viable strategy for designing cryogenic structural materials.