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論文

Microstructural evolution and mechanical hardening of Cr-coated MDA cladding under high-dose Fe ion irradiation

Mohamad, A. B.; Chen, J.*; 井岡 郁夫*; 鈴木 恵理子; 近藤 啓悦; 阿部 陽介; 山下 真一郎; 大久保 成彰; 根本 義之; 岡田 裕史*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 625, p.156513_1 - 156513_9, 2026/04

 被引用回数:0

Ion irradiation was carried out on Cr coating Zry cladding to investigate their microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. The sample was irradiated at reactor normal operation conditions. Microstructural observation and mechanical testing of non-irradiated samples and irradiated samples were performed to understand irradiation damage to the Cr-coated Zry cladding. Results of High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and chemical analysis revealed Fe enrichment at the Cr coating and Zr substrate interface of irradiated samples due to irradiation enhanced diffusion or irradiation induced mixing. Irradiation led to the formation of Fe enrichment at the Cr Zr interface approximately 15nm. Moreover, hardening of the Cr coating and Zr substrate regions was observed in the irradiated sample.

論文

Revisiting the role of Nb$$_2$$O$$_5$$ precursors on solid-state formation reactions of (K$$_{0.5}$$Na$$_{0.5}$$)NbO$$_3$$

庄司 琢磨*; Nam, H.*; Ye, J.*; Ito, Daiki*; 高木 優香*; 米田 安宏; 永田 肇*

Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 109(3), p.e70657_1 - e70657_9, 2026/03

(K,Na)NbO$$_3$$ (KNN)系セラミックスは、優れた圧電特性を有するにもかかわらず、化学的均質性が低いことから、実用的な圧電デバイスへの応用には躊躇されてきた。本研究では、Nb$$_2$$O$$_5$$前駆体の役割が製造手法によって異なり、KNNの化学的均質性と強く相関していることを軟X線吸収分光を用いて明らかにした。したがって、Nb$$_2$$O$$_5$$前駆体の選択はKNN製造における支配的要因である。

論文

Magnetic signature of chiral phonons revealed by neutron spectroscopy in ferrimagnetic Fe$$_{1.75}$$Zn$$_{0.25}$$Mo$$_{3}$$O$$_{8}$$

Bao, S.*; Liao, J.*; Huang, Z.*; Shangguan, Y.*; Ma, Z.*; Zhang, B.*; Cheng, S.*; Xu, H.*; Song, Z.*; Dong, S.*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 136(9), p.096502_1 - 096502_8, 2026/03

Lattice vibrations can carry angular momentum and magnetic moments under broken inversion or time-reversal symmetry, forming so-called chiral phonons. While such excitations have been explored in nonmagnetic systems via optical probes, their direct detection in magnetic materials and coupling to spin excitations remain largely unexplored. Here, using neutron spectroscopy, sensitive to both nuclear and magnetic scattering, we reveal the magnetic signature of chiral phonons in ferrimagnetic Fe$$_{1.75}$$Zn$$_{0.25}$$Mo$$_{3}$$O$$_{8}$$ with Curie temperature $$T_C sim 49$$ K. Below $$T_C$$, we observe enhanced magnetic scattering of phonons at small momenta, arising from strong magnon-phonon coupling. In addition, out-of-plane intensity modulation, phonon mode splitting, and field-induced Zeeman shifts are observed, all closely associated with the ferrimagnetic order. These features vanish above $$T_C$$, where phonon spectra are dominated by nuclear scattering. These observations demonstrate the existence of chiral phonons carrying substantial magnetic moments that directly contribute to magnetic scattering, and establish neutron spectroscopy as a powerful, momentum-resolved probe of their magnetic character.

論文

The JUPITER experiments; HIGH-240 plutonium metal plates separated by lead and reflected by copper

Bess, J. D.*; Shepherd, D.*; McSpaden, A. T.*; 福島 昌宏; 大泉 昭人

International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) Handbook (2025 edition); NEA/NSC/DOC(95)03/I, Vol.I; PU-MET-FAST-050 (Internet), 544 Pages, 2026/02

本報告は、加速器駆動システム(ADS)の設計において重要となる鉛断面積の積分検証データを取得することを目的としたシリーズ実験に関するものである。本実験キャンペーンでは、高濃縮ウラン、低濃縮ウラン、プルトニウムなど、種々の燃料組成を用い、鉛による高速中性子スペクトル場における系統的なデータが取得された。すべての実験は、JAEAと米国ロスアラモス国立研究所(LANL)の共同研究により国立臨界実験研究センター(NCERC)で実施された。プルトニウム燃料を用いた実験として2種類の炉心が構築され、Jupiter炉心では95wt.% $$^{239}$$Puおよび4.5wt.% $$^{240}$$Puのプルトニウム金属燃料が使用され、High-240 Pu Jupiter炉心では$$^{240}$$Pu高含有のプルトニウム金属燃料(72.8wt.% $$^{239}$$Pu, 22wt.% $$^{240}$$Pu)が使用された。本ベンチマークレポートは、このうちHigh-240 Pu Jupiter炉心構成に基づく高中性子スペクトル臨界実験の結果を、国際臨界安全評価プロジェクト(ICSBEP)への登録のためにまとめたものである。

論文

Microscopic study of the low-energy enhancement in the $$gamma$$-decay strength of $$^{50}$$V

Dahl, J. K.*; Larsen, A. C.*; 清水 則孝*; 宇都野 穣

Physical Review C, 113(2), p.024328_1 - 024328_16, 2026/02

$$^{50}$$Vに対する核準位密度とガンマ線強度関数を、$$sd$$-$$pf$$-$$sdg$$殻をバレンス殻にとった大規模殻模型計算によって調べた。オスロ法による実験データを全体的によく説明し、特に、低エネルギーの$$M1$$遷移の強度が増大するという特徴を再現することに成功した。そのメカニズムを解明するために、$$M1$$遷移の行列要素を軌道角運動量部分とスピン角運動量部分に分け、その干渉項の符号の分布を調べた。その結果、低エネルギーガンマ崩壊に対しては、正の干渉が主であるという新しい知見が得られた。

論文

Surface magnon propagation in a van der Waals Antiferromagnet

Chen, J.*; 山本 慧; 他13名*

Physical Review Letters, 136(5), p.056702_1 - 056702_8, 2026/02

 被引用回数:0

The recently developed van der Waals magnets provide a promising platform for spintronics and magnonics. Here, we report the observation of surface magnon propagation in the van der Waals antiferromagnet CrSBr. We find a nearly unidirectional propagation of antiferromagnetic magnon modes, which emerge near the anticrossing of the optical and acoustic magnon bands, in agreement with our theory of magnetostatic waves in antiferromagnets. The propagation direction can be reversed by switching the magnetic field. The observed antiferromagnetic magnons operate in the gigahertz regime due to the weak interlayer exchange coupling. Our results open the pathway for nonreciprocal magnonic applications based on van der Waals antiferromagnets at easily-accessible microwave frequencies.

論文

Shape evolution in neutron-rich Rh isotopes; First measurement of negative-parity isomers in $$^{117,119}$$Rh

Zhang, J. Z.*; Chen, Z. Q.*; Qu, T.*; Wang, Y. K.*; Li, Z. H.*; Orlandi, R.; 他62名*

Physics Letters B, 873, p.140144_1 - 140144_9, 2026/02

 被引用回数:0

At the RIKEN, $$beta$$-delayed $$gamma$$-ray spectroscopy studies were conducted on $$^{117}$$Rh and $$^{119}$$Rh, resulting in the world's first successful identification of a 1/2$$^-$$ isomer in these isotope, extending the energy difference between the 9/2$$^+$$ and 1/2$$^-$$ states up to neutron number $$N$$=74. Comparison of the new results with state-of-the-art calculations suggests that triaxial deformation plays a significant role in the evolution of the energy difference, indicating a shape transition from axially symmetric to triaxial deformation within the Rh isotopic series. These findings provide new insights into the structure of neutron-rich nuclei in the atomic number $$A sim 110$$ region, elucidating the interplay between triaxial deformation and shell evolution.

論文

Practical approach of airborne gamma-ray spectrometry using UAVs for evaluating ground-level dose rates

Ji, Y.-Y.*; Ji, W.*; Kim, K.*; Kim, M. J.*; 越智 康太郎; 森下 祐樹; 眞田 幸尚

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 244, p.113781_1 - 113781_12, 2026/02

UAVによる空中$$gamma$$線スペクトロメトリは迅速な放射線マッピングを可能にするが、飛行高度による減衰、視野効果、汚染の不均一性、地形条件により地上線量率の定量評価は難しい。本研究では福島第一原子力発電所周辺でホバリング飛行による校正と地上測定を組み合わせた実用的手法を開発した。二重指数モデルで高度補正係数を導出し、三脚およびバックパック測定と比較した結果、不均一サイトでの補正は系統誤差を生むが、均一サイトでの校正により一致が改善された。適切な補正を用いれば、UAV空中測定は信頼できる線量率分布評価が可能である。

論文

Pilot full-scale demonstration of a prototype table-top neutron resonance transmission analysis system for nuclear material detection

Guembou Shouop, C. J.; 土屋 晴文

Communications Engineering (Internet), 5, p.11_1 - 11_14, 2026/01

Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA) is a powerful non-destructive assay for material characterisation, traditionally requiring large, fixed and costly facilities. Here, we present a compact NRTA system utilising a small $$^{252}$$Cf spontaneous neutron source to analyse nuclear materials, offering a mobile and cost-effective alternative to accelerator, D-T, or laser-driven neutron sources. The pilot design, with a total size of 130 cm$$times$$ 50 cm$$times$$50 cm, has an unprecedentedly short flight path of 42 cm, enabling time-of-flight measurements on nuclear material samples. The system's performance is demonstrated through NRTA measurements of simulated samples, including indium, hafnium, and cadmium metal plates. The resulting transmission spectra allow accurate isotope identification below 5 eV. These results underscore the system's potential for enhancing nuclear security, safeguards, and nonproliferation, particularly in scenarios where mobility, rapid deployment, and flexibility are critical. This work is supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) under the subsidy for the "promotion for strengthening nuclear security and the like."

論文

Isotopic ratios of plutonium in radioactive particles released by the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

五十嵐 淳哉*; 二宮 和彦*; Zheng, J.*; Zhang, Z.*; 福田 美保*; 青野 辰雄*; 箕輪 はるか*; 吉川 英樹*; 末木 啓介*; 佐藤 志彦; et al.

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 291, p.107856_1 - 107856_8, 2026/01

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:0.00(Environmental Sciences)

福島第一原子力発電所(FDNPP)事故に由来する放射性粒子中のプルトニウム同位体比を、サンプル数を増やして高精度に測定し、FDNPP由来Puの指紋として利用可能な代表値を提示した。Pu同位体の原子比は放出源ごとに固有であり、Pu起源推定に有用である。FDNPP事故由来Puについては、事故時に炉内で形成された放射性粒子を対象とすることで全球的フォールアウトの影響を受けにくい評価が可能だが、既報は解析粒子数が少なく原子比推定の不確かさが大きかった。SF-ICP-MSにより7粒子を分析した結果、$$^{240}$$Pu/$$^{239}$$Pu=0.369$$pm$$0.008、$$^{241}$$Pu/$$^{239}$$Pu=0.150$$pm$$0.007(原子比)を得た。これらの値は炉心インベントリ計算や周辺環境試料で報告される比と概ね整合し、今後のPu起源推定や環境影響評価の参照指標として有用である。

論文

Integrated neutron and surface-based characterization of stress/strain fields and microstructural evolution during fatigue crack growth in SUS304 stainless steel

Su, Y. H.; 篠原 武尚; Parker, J. D.*; 及川 健一; 甲斐 哲也; Gong, W.; 伊東 達矢; Harjo, S.; 相澤 一也; 鬼柳 善明*; et al.

Materials Science & Engineering A, 951, p.149607_1 - 149607_16, 2026/01

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.00(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)

Local variations in residual stress/strain and microstructure during fatigue crack growth in compact tension specimens of SUS304 austenitic stainless steel were investigated using complementary methods: pulsed neutron Bragg-edge imaging (NBEI), neutron diffraction (ND), digital image correlation (DIC) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Surface strain fields were evaluated using DIC and EBSD. NBEI provided two-dimensional averaged microstructure information, whereas ND yielded detailed three-dimensional distributions of residual lattice (elastic) strain and stress. This study particularly focused on how NBEI is helpful in understanding overall damage characteristics in the vicinity of a crack tip two-dimensionally. Distribution of microstructural parameters associated with crack growth, such as lattice constant, crystallite size, and texture, across the entire specimen was considered using Bragg-edge spectral analysis. The plastic zone in front of the crack tip, characterized by reduced crystallite size, was observed during crack propagation. After final fracture, two distinct zones with reduced crystallite size were identified: one caused by localized plastic deformation near the crack tip, and the other by bending at the back end of the specimen. This paper introduces the four experimental techniques and describes their respective features. Each method has its own advantages and limitations; However, by integrating their results, a more comprehensive understanding of the overall stress/strain field can be achieved.

論文

Evaluation of the uncertainty in calculating nanodosimetric quantities due to the use of different interaction cross sections in Monte Carlo track structure codes

Villagrasa, C.*; Baiocco, G.*; Chaoui, Z.-E.-A.*; Dingfelder, M.*; Incerti, S.*; Kundr$'a$t, P.*; Kyriakou, I.*; 松谷 悠佑; 甲斐 健師; Parisi, A.*; et al.

PLOS ONE (Internet), 21(1), p.e0340500_1 - e0340500_22, 2026/01

 被引用回数:0

電離放射線被ばくの生物学的影響を理解するために重要なナノ線量測定は、分子スケールでの原子相互作用を再現するMonte Carlo Track Structure (MCTS)コードにより評価可能である。数十年にわたり独立して開発された様々なMCTSコードは、生物組織の主成分である液体水中の電子線の相互作用について、異なる物理モデルと断面積データセットを使用してきた。本研究では、様々なMCTSコード内の相互作用断面積の違いによって生じるナノ線量測定計算の不確実性を評価した。7つのMCTSコード(Geant4-DNA, PARTRAC, PHITS, MCwater、およびPTra)の計算結果から、平均電離数や2回以上の電離が起こる確率などの分子スケールの物理量に大きな相違があることが明らかとなった。最も大きな相違が確認されたのは低エネルギー電子で、相互作用断面積の寄与が不確実性の主要因であることがわかった。本成果より、断面積の相違が複雑なDNA損傷などの生物学的影響に無視できない影響を与えることが浮き彫りになった。

論文

Refined spin Hamiltonian on the Cairo pentagonal lattice of Bi$$_{2}$$Fe$$_{4}$$O$$_{9}$$

Lenander, E. Y.*; Nielsen, F. B.*; Lass, J.*; Hansen, U. B.*; Krighaar, K. M. L.*; Preuss, A.*; Weber, T.*; Enderle, M.*; Jacobsen, H.*; Stuhr, U.*; et al.

Physical Review B, 113(1), p.014424_1 - 014424_14, 2026/01

 被引用回数:0

The frustrated magnet Bi$$_{2}$$Fe$$_{4}$$O$$_{9}$$ has been reported to exhibit complex spin dynamics coexisting with conventional spin wave excitations. The magnetic Fe$$^{3+}$$ ($$S = 5/2$$) ions are arranged into a distorted two-dimensional Cairo pentagonal lattice with weak couplings between the layers, developing long-ranged noncollinear antiferromagnetic order below 245 K. In order to enable studies and modeling of the complex dynamics close to $$T_N$$, we have reexamined the magnetic excitations across the complete energy scale ($$0 < hbaromega < 90$$ meV) at 10 K. We discover two distinct gaps, which can be explained by introducing, respectively, easy axis and easy plane anisotropy on the two unequivalent Fe sites. We develop a refined spin Hamiltonian that accurately accounts for the dispersion of essentially all spin-wave branches across the full spectral range, except around 40 meV, where a splitting and dispersion are observed. Polarization analysis shows that the system has magnetic anisotropic fluctuations, consistent with our model. A continuum of scattering is observed above the spin wave branches and is found to principally be explained by an instrumental resolution effect. The full experimental mapping of the excitation spectrum and the refined spin Hamiltonian provides a foundation for future quantitative studies of spin waves coexisting with unconventional magnetic fluctuations in this frustrated magnet found at higher temperatures.

論文

Two-population rouse models for polymer segmental dynamics in nanocomposites

Rooks, J. R.*; Ferraro, G.*; Fratini, E.*; Osti, N. C.*; 大澤 崇人; Faraone, A.*; Wagner, N. J.*

Physical Review E, 113(1), p.015405_1 - 015405_7, 2026/01

ポリエチレンオキシドとシリカナノ粒子(NP)のモデルナノコンポジット中のポリマー鎖のセグメントダイナミクスを準弾性中性子散乱を用いて調べた。これらのダイナミクスはいずれもRouseモデルで正確に記述できる。NP表面から遠いバルク状のポリマーは、ニートポリマーと同じように振る舞う。しかし、NP表面に近い界面の遅いポリマーは、緩和時間の異なる第二のラウス集団か、抑制されたラウスモデルで記述される。これらの単純な2つの集団モデルは実験データを正確に再現し、抑制されたラウスモデルは、平均12ビーズごとのトポロジー的制約を記述し、界面の厚さは13.5ビーズまでで、界面の効果はポリマーの端から端までの距離に匹敵する厚さの層まで広がっている。このモデリングは、低荷重でもPNCで観察される補強を説明するものであり、界面の関連性に関する現在の理解と一致する。

論文

Intercomparison of low-energy electron transport calculations by different Monte Carlo track-structure simulation codes

Kyriakou, I.*; Papadopoulos, A.*; Polopetrakis, I.*; Kotroumbelou, C.*; Plante, I.*; 松谷 悠佑; 甲斐 健師; Qiu, R.*; Li, J.*; Kundr$'a$t, P.*; et al.

Physics in Medicine & Biology, 39 Pages, 2026/00

過去40年間にわたり、液体の水を対象としたモンテカルロ飛跡構造(MCTS)コードが世界中で数多く開発されてきたが、相互作用断面積は大きく異なる。本研究では、6種類の異なるMCTSコードの使用による、液相水中の低エネルギー電子輸送の物理的特性(電子阻止能、経路長、dose-point-kernel、微視的線量付与)の不確実性を評価することを目指した。コード間比較の結果により、特に100eV以下の低エネルギー領域において、MCTSコード間で大きな差異があることが明らかになり、電子線が重要な役割を果たすDNA損傷シミュレーションの精度に影響を与えることが示された。本研究は、液相水中の低エネルギー電子輸送計算に伴う不確実性を低減するために、MCTSコードで使用される物理モデルの更なる開発の必要性を浮き彫りにしている。

論文

$$^{252}$$Cf中性子源を用いた卓上型中性子共鳴透過分析装置の開発

土屋 晴文; Guembou Shouop, C. J.

第46回日本核物質管理学会年次大会会議論文集(インターネット), 4 Pages, 2025/12

Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA) is a non-destructive assay capable of identifying and quantifying nuclear materials with high precision, making it a promising tool for applications in nuclear security, safeguards, and non-proliferation. Conventional NRTA systems typically employ accelerators or neutron generators as neutron sources. As a result, they are large, require heavy shielding, and are difficult to implement in facilities with limited space or in field environments. To overcome these limitations, we developed a table-top NRTA system that utilizes a $$^{252}$$Cf neutron source instead of an accelerator or a neutron generator. The apparatus has dimensions of approximately 130 cm $$times$$ 50 cm $$times$$ 50 cm, enabling easy transport and on-site deployment. Performance tests were conducted using indium and silver plates as surrogate samples for nuclear materials. The experimental transmission spectra exhibited resonance dips consistent with those of expected transmission spectra incorporating the system response function. From these comparisons, the isotopic areal densities were successfully quantified within experimental uncertainty. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that isotope identification and quantitative evaluation can be achieved using a table-top NRTA system without accelerators and neutron generators, and suggests its potential applicability to nuclear facilities, ports, and other space-limited locations.

論文

Advancements in neutron resonance analysis system development for fissile material quantification in safeguards applications

Rossi, F.; Lee, J.; 吉見 優希*; 芝 知宙; 寺田 和司*; 堀 順一*

第46回日本核物質管理学会年次大会会議論文集(インターネット), 4 Pages, 2025/12

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency is developing a non-destructive system to detect fissile nuclear materials within a sample combining resonance analysis from prompt fission neutrons, capture gamma-rays, and transmitted neutrons. The detection setup includes an array of plastic scintillators at the sample and a downstream $$^{6}$$Li scintillator. Recent improvements focus on better neutron/gamma discrimination using advanced EJ-276D plastic scintillators and optimized pulse shape discrimination analysis. Tests were conducted at the Kyoto University time-of-flight facility with natural and enriched uranium samples. This paper presents the latest design updates and experimental results from the system's development. This work is supported by MEXT under the subsidy for the "promotion for strengthening nuclear security and the like".

論文

高放射性固体廃棄物中の核物質量の定量に係る非破壊測定技術開発; 中性子計測法を用いた米国エネルギー省との共同研究の概要

白藤 雅也; 佐野 恭平; 堀内 雅一; 加藤 茜; 渡邉 一樹; 谷川 聖史; 丸山 創; 北尾 貴彦; Conner, J.*; LaFleur, A.*; et al.

第46回日本核物質管理学会年次大会会議論文集(インターネット), 4 Pages, 2025/12

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency, in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy and Los Alamos National Laboratory, initiated a joint research project to develop the Advanced Hulls Measurement and Monitoring System (A-HMMS) for quantifying trace amounts of nuclear material in hull drums. Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNP code confirmed that the presence of water significantly attenuates neutron count rates. However, sufficient sensitivity to plutonium mass variations was observed, indicating that measurements are feasible even with water present. Passive NDA methods based on the Cm/Pu ratio were found to be limited due to curium decay over long-term storage, necessitating the use of active interrogation techniques. Small-scale experiments validated the simulation results and demonstrated that waste type and source position significantly affect count rates, highlighting the need for waste-specific calibration curves. Full-scale testing is planned to evaluate system performance under realistic conditions and optimize the A-HMMS design.

論文

Fissile nuclear material identification in shielding conditions using a neutron resonance analysis technique

Rossi, F.; Lee, J.; 吉見 優希*; 弘中 浩太; 小泉 光生; 芝 知宙; 寺田 和司*; 堀 順一*

ESARDA Bulletin (Internet), 67, p.59 - 67, 2025/12

ISCN is developing an advanced neutron resonance analysis system for the identification and quantification of fissile materials. This system integrates three complementary techniques: NRTA, NRCA, and NRFNA, enabling simultaneous detection and improving sensitivity for fissile material identification. To evaluate the system's performance, we conducted a series of experiments using natural uranium samples with a thickness from 1.5 to 6.0 mm enclosed in a 2 cm thick box made of lead. The results show that even if the presence of lead generates significant background noise due to neutron scattering and reflection, a clear identification of $$^{235}$$U signatures is possible. These findings highlight the system's versatility and effectiveness in shielding scenarios, offering a promising tool for nuclear security and nonproliferation applications. By enabling concurrent measurements, the system improves accuracy and provides an innovative method for enhancing regulatory and safeguard efforts in the nuclear industry. This work is supported by MEXT under the subsidy for the "promotion for strengthening nuclear security and the like".

論文

Reversible and irreversible changes in protein secondary structure in the heat- and shear-induced texturization of native pea protein isolate

中川 洋; Ubbink, J.*

Food Hydrocolloids, 168, p.111453_1 - 111453_9, 2025/12

 被引用回数:7 パーセンタイル:92.46(Chemistry, Applied)

エクストルージョン条件下での植物タンパク質のテクスチャー化の分子メカニズムを、タンパク質の二次構造に対する加熱、冷却、せん断の影響を切り離すことにより、二次構造レベルで解明した。剪断を伴わない加熱では、ネイティブな$$alpha$$-ヘリックスと分子内$$beta$$-シートがランダムドメインに展開し、次いで分子間$$beta$$-シートが形成され、凝集が誘導される。冷却中、分子間$$beta$$シートはますます秩序化し、ランダムドメインは部分的に非ネイティブ$$beta$$構造へと折り畳まれる。加熱と剪断を組み合わせることで、加熱単独よりもより広範な$$beta$$シートが形成される。その結果、$$beta$$リッチ構造は、タンパク質鎖の絡み合ったネットワークと凝集性のタンパク質マトリックスを提供する。

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