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Zhang, Y.*; 丸澤 賢人*; 工藤 航平*; 諸岡 聡; Gong, W.; Harjo, S.; 宮本 吾郎*; 古原 忠*
Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 275, p.250 - 259, 2026/12
This study examines how substitutional alloying elements (Mn, Cr, Al, and Si) influence low-temperature tempering reactions in high carbon martensitic steels. Through comprehensive experimental techniques including 
neutron diffraction et al., the work clarifies how alloying modifies tempering kinetics by affecting carbon diffusion and phase nucleation. Al and Cr strongly suppress martensite tetragonality reduction and carbon redistribution, while retained austenite decomposes in two stages that are selectively delayed by different alloying elements. Overall, the tempering sequence and kinetics are shown to be governed by alloying-dependent control of carbon mobility and phase transformations.
小嵐 淳; 伊藤 雅之*; 安藤 麻里子; 國分 陽子; 松枝 誠; Kusin, K.*; Jaya, A.*; Dohong, S.*; 平野 高司*
Nature Communications (Internet), 17, p.4369_1 - 4369_9, 2026/05
熱帯泥炭地は重要かつ長期的な炭素貯蔵庫であるが、人間活動によって劣化が進み、大気への炭素放出が深刻な懸念となっている。本研究は、インドネシア中部カリマンタンの泥炭地における炭素貯留と放出について、泥炭層と地下水溶存有機炭素の放射性炭素年代測定に基づいて明らかにした。18年間(1996年~2014年)の排水は、数百年から千年もの間、浸水環境で保存されていた炭素5-11 kg C m
を放出した。排水に続く火災は、過去3000年間に蓄積された炭素23-32 kg C mを放出し、より古い泥炭の分解を誘発した。この知見をインドネシアの撹乱された泥炭地全域に外挿すると、1996年から2014年の間に0.81-3.70 Gtの炭素が放出されたことが示唆された。さらに継続的な泥炭の分解によって年間0.03-0.08 Gtの炭素が放出され続けており、地球の炭素収支に重大な影響を及ぼしている。
magnetic order with spatially alternating spin scalar chirality in overdoped Co
TaS
Cho, W.*; Park, P.*; Kim, C.*; An, Y.*; 飯田 一樹*; 梶本 亮一; Matin, S.*; Sibille, R.*; Crooker, S. A.*; Park, J.-G.*
Physical Review B, 113(17), p.174410_1 - 174410_14, 2026/05
Co
TaS (
) exhibits a spontaneous Hall effect from spin texture in antiferromagnets, with a tetrahedral triple-Q () order and uniform spin scalar chirality. Upon Co overdoping (
), it undergoes a shift in magnetic ordering vectors from 
to 
. Interestingly, the spontaneous Hall effect disappeared in the overdoped regime, which was originally attributed to the loss of order. However, a question remains whether a new type of order can exist with alternating chirality in the overdoped regime. To address this, we investigated CoTaS using inelastic neutron scattering (INS), neutron diffraction, and optical dichroism, and found that INS data and spin-wave simulations support a order with alternating chirality. Moreover, neutron diffraction data show field-independent Bragg peaks, while linear dichroism detects no in-plane anisotropy, consistent with threefold rotation symmetry. Our data support the scenario of an alternating-chirality order in CoTaS, cancelling the spontaneous Hall effect. This study highlights a combined neutron-optical approach to identify complex spin textures.
徳永 陽; 鈴木 通人*; Kr
mer, S.*; 酒井 宏典; 神戸 振作; 播磨 尚朝*; 青木 大*; Horvati
, M.*; Sheikin, I.*
Physical Review B, 113(14), p.L140406_1 - L140406_7, 2026/04
We report low-temperature 
In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of the prototypical heavy-fermion compound CeIrIn in high magnetic fields applied close to the crystallographic 
axis. For this orientation, a field-induced transition was previously reported to take place at about 28~T. Although we do not observe any change of the NMR spectrum above the transition, the intensity of the NMR lines drastically decreases as a consequence of a considerable shortening of the 
relaxation time. In addition, 
shows a pronounced maximum at the transition. Taking into account previous high-field de Haas-van Alphen results in conjunction with band-structure calculations, our NMR results are most naturally explained by the field-induced transition into an antiferromagnetic state with the propagation vector 
and magnetic moments aligned antiferromagnetically along the axis.
Kyriakou, I.*; Papadopoulos, A.*; Polopetrakis, I.*; Kotroumbelou, C.*; Plante, I.*; 松谷 悠佑; 甲斐 健師; Qiu, R.*; Li, J.*; Kundr
t, P.*; et al.
Physics in Medicine & Biology, 71(8), p.085009_1 - 085009_25, 2026/04
過去40年間にわたり、液体の水を対象としたモンテカルロ飛跡構造(MCTS)コードが世界中で数多く開発されてきたが、相互作用断面積は大きく異なる。本研究では、6種類の異なるMCTSコードの使用による、液相水中の低エネルギー電子輸送の物理的特性(電子阻止能、経路長、dose-point-kernel、微視的線量付与)の不確実性を評価することを目指した。コード間比較の結果により、特に100eV以下の低エネルギー領域において、MCTSコード間で大きな差異があることが明らかになり、電子線が重要な役割を果たすDNA損傷シミュレーションの精度に影響を与えることが示された。本研究は、液相水中の低エネルギー電子輸送計算に伴う不確実性を低減するために、MCTSコードで使用される物理モデルの更なる開発の必要性を浮き彫りにしている。
and A value ratios for off-site transportation of small-amount of fuel debris retrieved from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station坂本 雅洋; 奥村 啓介; 神野 郁夫; 松村 太伊知; Riyana, E. S.; 寺島 顕一; 金子 純一*; 溝上 暢人*; 溝上 伸也*
Radioisotopes, 75(S-01), p.S-001_1 - S-001_5, 2026/04
In the Unit 2 of TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), trial retrievals of fuel debris with small-amount is underway. The retrieved fuel debris will be transported out of 1F site to Institutes in Ibaraki prefecture for analysis. The analyzed results will be utilized as feedback for the improvement of the processes (retrieval, transportation and storage) in the fuel debris management, and also for the development of technologies necessary in the future. The weight of fuel debris in the first trial retrieval was about 0.7 g. After several retrieval trials planned, the scale of retrieval will be expanded step by step in the future. In the retrieval, a rational transportation container should be considered beforehand, following the laws and regulations associated with the off-site transportation. The transportation container should be chosen based on radioactivity limit A or A value ratios: hazardous dose exposure will be prevented in case of container failure with the A value (considering the external exposure) and the A value (considering both the external and internal exposures). We estimated the radioactivity of the retrieved fuel debris using the results of the detailed nuclide inventory calculation. With a numerical analysis of the A and A value ratios, we confirmed the applicability of the Type A transport container for the retrieved small-amount fuel debris.
Guerinoni, E.*; 上田 祐生; 元川 竜平; Zemb, T.*; Pellet-Rostaing, S.*; Dourdain, S.*
Langmuir, 42(12), p.8313 - 8321, 2026/03
Third phase formation in liquid-liquid extraction poses operational challenges by inducing organic phase separation, limiting extraction efficiency and process safety. Here, we employ combined ultra-small-angle X-ray (USAXS) and neutron scattering (USANS) to elucidate pre-transitional structures occurring during uranium extraction by tri-octylamine (TOA) in octane as diluent. SAXS highlights uranium-filled aggregates, while SANS captures all aggregates, regardless of uranium content. Extending the q-range from 0.004 to 3 
reveals two distinct populations: small spherical reverse micelle-like aggregates (radius 11 AA) and larger fluctuating domains exceeding 150 nm, consistent with Ornstein-Zernike critical fluctuations. Increasing TOA concentration amplifies these superstructures until divergence, the formation of a third phase. This study demonstrates that phase instability originates from the hierarchical condensation of water-filled aggregates around uranium-filled aggregates, rather than from simple micelle growth. Predicting such instability therefore requires accounting for the complete distribution of species, including water. The U-U distance in neighboring aggregate forming a supercluster is evidenced without ambiguity. Understanding such multiscale pre-transitional phenomena offers new routes to predict and mitigate phase separation in solvent extraction processes critical for nuclear fuel recycling.
Glazyrin, K.*; Spektor, K.*; Bykov, M.*; Carvalho, P. H. B.*; Dong, W.*; K
rmann, F.*; 佐野 亜沙美; 服部 高典; Beyer, D. C.*; Sahlberg, M.*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 17, p.2622_1 - 2622_10, 2026/03
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00高エントロピー材料の研究は様々な科学分野に貢献し、応用面で興味深い特性を次々と明らかにしている。本研究では、高温高圧下におけるX線・中性子飛行時間法実験および第一原理計算により、カンター合金(CoCrFeNiMn)の水素抵抗性を調査した。我々は、カンター合金組成に基づく面心立方(fcc)型水素化物の形成を報告する。さらに、水素含有量の推定を含むその特性評価を提供する。これらの知見は、高エントロピー合金および高エントロピー水素化物の複雑な化学に関する知見の蓄積に貢献するものである。
Zn
Mo
O
Bao, S.*; Liao, J.*; Huang, Z.*; Shangguan, Y.*; Ma, Z.*; Zhang, B.*; Cheng, S.*; Xu, H.*; Song, Z.*; Dong, S.*; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 136(9), p.096502_1 - 096502_8, 2026/03
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00Lattice vibrations can carry angular momentum and magnetic moments under broken inversion or time-reversal symmetry, forming so-called chiral phonons. While such excitations have been explored in nonmagnetic systems via optical probes, their direct detection in magnetic materials and coupling to spin excitations remain largely unexplored. Here, using neutron spectroscopy, sensitive to both nuclear and magnetic scattering, we reveal the magnetic signature of chiral phonons in ferrimagnetic FeZnMoO with Curie temperature 
K. Below 
, we observe enhanced magnetic scattering of phonons at small momenta, arising from strong magnon-phonon coupling. In addition, out-of-plane intensity modulation, phonon mode splitting, and field-induced Zeeman shifts are observed, all closely associated with the ferrimagnetic order. These features vanish above , where phonon spectra are dominated by nuclear scattering. These observations demonstrate the existence of chiral phonons carrying substantial magnetic moments that directly contribute to magnetic scattering, and establish neutron spectroscopy as a powerful, momentum-resolved probe of their magnetic character.
Cr
S
Zhao, G.*; Li, J.*; Zhang, J.*; 小嶋 健児*; Cai, Y.*; 伊藤 孝; Yoon, S. W.*; Wang, X.*; 前川 禎通*; Su, G.*; et al.
Physical Review Research (Internet), 8(1), p.013331_1 - 013331_10, 2026/03
Ferrotoroidic materials, which break both time- and space-reversal symmetries to enhance magnetoelectric responses, are of great interest for applications. BaCrS, a recently synthesized quasi-one-dimensional ferrotoroidic candidate, combines polarization, magnetization, and toroidal moment, yet its electronic band structure, magnetic evolution, and phase transitions remain incompletely understood to date. Here, we investigate BaCrS, using electrical transport, direct current magnetization, alternating current susceptibility, specific heat, and muon spin rotation (
SR) measurements, along with various first-principles calculations. Electrical transport measurements and density functional theory confirm a narrow band gap (
0.707~eV, experimentally; 0.680~eV, theoretically). SR measurements reveal that static magnetism dominates down to 2~K, with an ordered volume fraction of 89% at this temperature. Two distinct transitions are identified: one around the N
el temperature [
~K] and another corresponding to a phase transition near 30~K, as consistently indicated by our complementary experimental techniques. The absence of dynamic critical behaviors and the lack of a 
-type specific heat anomaly are consistent with a first-order-like transition at 
. Based on various complementary experimental results and theoretical calculations, we propose a hypothesis that the 30~K broad feature arises from the complex interplay between crystal structure distortion and magnetic coupling, which is potentially directly linked to ferrotoroidicity. As the first study integrating SR with complementary experiments and first-principles calculations to explore ferrotoroidicity, this work provides key insights into the underlying physics of BaCrS and related compounds in this area.
SbO
Piyakulworawat, C.*; 森田 克洋*; 福元 好志*; Hsieh, W.-Y.*; Chen, W.-T.*; 中島 健次; 河村 聖子; Zhao, Y.*; Wannapaiboon, S.*; Piyawongwatthana, P.; et al.
Physical Review Research (Internet), 8(1), p.013247_1 - 013247_16, 2026/03
歪んだハニカム化合物CuSbOの中性子非弾性散乱および磁化データを、一次のダイマー展開計算と量子モンテカルロシミュレーションを用いて解析した。これまでに提案されたハニカム格子モデルとは対照的に、この系は相互作用するダイマースピン鎖を有し、鎖に沿って強磁性-反強磁性結合が交互に現れることが示された。さらに、他のCu
ベースの歪んだハニカム磁性体で観測される典型的な結合とは異なり、スピン鎖は、予想される層間の鎖間結合ではなく、主にハニカム層間に生じる反強磁性結合を介して結合する。つまり、CuSbOの磁気結合スキームが異なることが明らかになった。さらに、X線分光法と透過型電子顕微鏡を利用して、化合物の結晶構造と積層欠陥モデルも従来のモデルをより精密化した。
伊東 達矢; 小川 祐平*; Gong, W.; 川崎 卓郎; 柴田 曉伸*; Harjo, S.
Scripta Materialia, 273, p.117084_1 - 117084_6, 2026/03
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)The effect of solute hydrogen on stacking fault evolution in austenitic steels remains debated. In this study, the changes in stacking fault probability in the 
111
//loading direction grains family (
) of hydrogen-charged and non-charged Fe-24Cr-19Ni austenitic steels were evaluated using 
neutron diffraction during tensile deformation at 223 and 177 K. When values were plotted against macroscopic strain, hydrogen apparently enhanced stacking fault evolution. However, when identical data were translated into the form of versus stress, the superficial hydrogen-effect on notably disappeared. Rather, deformation temperature played more predominant role - lower temperature led to higher regardless of hydrogen-charging, reflecting the reduction of stacking fault energy with decreasing temperature. These findings demonstrate that hydrogen has a minor effect on stacking fault evolution compared with temperature and applied stress.
Li, H.*; Gong, W.; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.; Zheng, R.*; 他6名*
Acta Materialia, 305, p.121884_1 - 121884_10, 2026/02
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The quest for lightweight and highly formable magnesium (Mg) alloys has drawn significant attention due to the growing demand for energy-efficient structural materials. Achieving high ductility in Mg at room temperature, which is critical for mass production of structural components, remains a formidable challenge despite decades of research. In this study, we demonstrate super-ductility in an ultrafine-grained (UFG) Mg alloy at room temperature. By microalloying with trace manganese (Mn) and reducing the grain size to sub-micron scale, Mg-0.3Mn binary alloy achieves an exceptional room temperature tensile elongation of 135% at a quasi-static strain rate. Detailed microstructural analysis reveals that grain boundary (GB) sliding, rather than intragranular dislocation slip, is the dominant deformation mechanism in the UFG Mg-0.3Mn alloy. Unlike conventional alloying strategies that lead to GB pinning, the segregation of Mn element along GBs in a manner of nano-clusters could reduce interfacial bonding strength, acting as a lubricant to facilitate GB sliding and thus dramatically boost the ductility. This innovative GB engineering approach unlocks unprecedentedly remarkable deformability of Mg-based alloys at room temperature, paving the way for next-generation lightweight structural applications.
Wells, S. R.*; 岩田 圭弘; 宮部 昌文; 長谷川 秀一*
Applied Physics B, 132(3), p.32_1 - 32_8, 2026/02
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00全角運動量J:0-1-0のレーザー共鳴イオン化スキームを用いて、直線偏光レーザーによるカルシウム原子の偶奇同位体選択性を調べた。2本のレーザー偏光を互いに直交させることで、主要同位体
Caのイオン化を抑制し、奇数同位体
Caが選択的にイオン化されることを確認した。Ca奇数同位体の分離係数は最大
程度と得られた。
日高 洋*; 鏡味 沙耶; 齊藤 天晴; 横山 立憲; Pravdivtseva, O.*; Meshik, A.*; Bentridi, S.*; Durastanti Rabnga Mombo, E. D.*; Gall, B.*
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 202(2), p.65 - 69, 2026/02
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Environmental Sciences)オクロ天然原子炉試料の同位体データは、個々の原子炉領域で生じた核反応の履歴を読み解くための重要な情報だが、そのほとんどは四半世紀以上前に取得されたものである。同位体分析に使用する質量分析装置の技術的進歩は目覚ましく、最新の技術によって従来よりも高精度な同位体データを取得することで、オクロ現象の解明に繋がる新たな知見を得ることが期待できる。本論文では、現在我々が実施している、先端的同位体分析技術に基づくオクロ現象に対する新しいアプローチについて論ずる。
Zhu, L.*; Dong, W.*; Naeem, M.*; Kong, H.*; Hu, C.*; Fan, Z.*; Gong, W.; Harjo, S.; Lan, S.*; Wu, Y.*; et al.
Acta Materialia, 303, p.121734_1 - 121734_10, 2026/01
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：40.12(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Body-centered cubic (BCC) metals typically exhibit high yield strength but limited work hardening and uniform elongation, especially at low temperatures. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) offer opportunities to overcome these limitations, though their deformation mechanisms remain unclear. Using in situ neutron diffraction and microstructural analysis, this study identifies the origin of the exceptionally large uniform elongation at liquid nitrogen temperature in a single-phase BCC (TiZrHf)
AlNb
HEA. Initial plastic deformation is governed by a BCC-to-orthorhombic (
") transformation, followed by " twinning and deformation-induced amorphization at later stages. The cooperation of these mechanisms suppresses work softening from dislocation plasticity, enabling high yield strength with large uniform elongation and providing a viable strategy for designing cryogenic structural materials.
Cho, K.*; 山下 葵平*; 角谷 心之輔*; 齊藤 拓馬*; 佐々木 泰祐*; 澤泉 克彦*; 奥川 将行*; 小泉 雄一郎*; 眞山 剛*; 菊川 泰地*; et al.
Acta Materialia, 303, p.121696_1 - 121696_18, 2026/01
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：61.18(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The deformation behavior and strengthening mechanism of Inconel 718 with a hierarchical structure composed of microscale crystallographic lamellar microstructure (CLM) and nanoscale cellular structure, fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, were clarified via nanoscale microstructural and in-situ neutron diffraction analyses. The CLM is a layered structure parallel to the building direction (BD) and consists of relatively wide main and narrow sub-layers with 110 and 100 orientations, respectively, with respect to BD. This is the first study to demonstrate that the yield stress of the alloys depends strongly on deformation stresses of the sub-layers, even though Schmid factors of the primary slip system for both layers are the same. The sub-layer continues to deform elastically even beyond the micro-yield point of the main layer, which results in the macroscopic strengthening at an early stage of deformation. On the other hand, the cellular structure is formed in both layers, associated with a dendritic cell growth along 100 direction, Nb segregation between the cells and an accumulation of dislocations to decrease a residual stress. The cell boundaries with numerous dislocations and Nb segregation act as a strong barrier to dislocation motion resulting in a stress increase through the Hall-Petch law, even though they are low-angle grain boundaries. The spacing and morphology of the cell boundary depend strongly on fabrication conditions. The optimized cellular structure provides significant strengthening comparable to or greater than that caused by large-angle grain boundaries, thereby increasing the macroscopic strength of the alloys through hardening of the sub-layer.
Dong, F.*; Xiao, Y.*; Chen, S.*; 出町 和之*; 高屋 茂; 吉川 雅紀
Advanced Engineering Informatics, 69(Part D), p.104094_1 - 104094_23, 2026/01
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence)Ensuring safe and stable industrial plant operations requires accurate and timely fault diagnosis from multivariate time-series (MTS) sensor data. Conventional methods struggle with the complexity, high dimensionality, and limited feature extraction. To address this, we propose a novel end-to-end fault diagnosis framework that enhances class separability by leveraging instance-wise global and timestamp-wise local views of MTS representations. The dataset is augmented from the dual-view, and a complementary contrastive loss function captures both global and local contextual information. Unlike previous representation learning approaches, the diagnosis model's backbone and classifier are jointly optimized in an end-to-end scheme, ensuring aligned representations with the classification objective. Experimental results on simulated nuclear power plant fault datasets demonstrate the framework's effectiveness and robustness.
Rahim, A.*; 佐藤 達彦; 福田 寛*; Beni, M. S.*; 渡部 浩司*
Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express (Internet), 12(1), p.015056_1 - 015056_13, 2026/01
Proton boron fusion therapy (PBFT) aims to enhance proton therapy through particles generated by the 
reaction. While early reports suggested large dose gains near the Bragg peak, later studies questioned its feasibility due to the low cross section and the need for unrealistically high boron concentrations. In this study, Monte Carlo microdosimetric analysis showed that protons dominate total dose delivery, with particles contributing only locally to high-LET deposition. The resulting RBE enhancement factors were negligible at 100-1000 ppm boron and modest (
) only at 10,000 ppm. These findings indicate that, under clinically realistic conditions, the therapeutic benefit of PBFT is minimal.
Qin, T. Y.*; Hu, F. F.*; 徐 平光; Zhang, R.*; Su, Y. H.; Ao, N.*; Li, Z. W.*; 篠原 武尚; 菖蒲 敬久; Wu, S. C.*
International Journal of Fatigue, 202, p.109233_1 - 109233_16, 2026/01
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：76.65(Engineering, Mechanical)The surface induction-hardened S38C medium carbon steel shows a good balance of strength and toughness, but complicates the evaluation of fatigue resistance, mainly because of gradient residual stress (RS) and grains. An integrated fatigue resistance assessment (AIFA) framework was proposed to consider the residual stress relief under stochastic loads. To this end, quasi-in situ neutron diffraction and Bragg-edge imaging were combined to probe the evolution of residual stress during crack propagation. Firstly, a rigid-flexible coupled vehicle dynamics model was adopted to obtain the time-domain variable amplitude loading spectrum. Then, Fortran subroutines were developed to assign these data into full-scale S38C axle model, and the remaining life was predicted using the damage tolerance approach. The results demonstrate that crack propagation would accelerate when residual stress is considered in the case of the crack depth exceeding 3.0 mm. It is, for the first time, found that 15 mm- and 5 mm-thickness fan-shaped specimens can retain the axial and hoop residual strain in terms of diffraction angle variation, respectively, for full-scale structural S38C steel axles. In the absence of RS, the remaining life of the axle decreases sharply from 624,800 to 51,300 km as the crack depth increases from 3.0 to 16 mm. Compared with the standard method under constant amplitude loading without residual stress relief, the present AIFA method provides the more accurate but conservative fatigue life prediction.
