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Qin, T. Y.*; Hu, F. F.*; 徐 平光; Zhang, R.*; Su, Y. H.; Ao, N.*; Li, Z. W.*; 篠原 武尚; 菖蒲 敬久; Wu, S. C.*
International Journal of Fatigue, 202, p.109233_1 - 109233_16, 2026/01
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：82.70(Engineering, Mechanical)The surface induction-hardened S38C medium carbon steel shows a good balance of strength and toughness, but complicates the evaluation of fatigue resistance, mainly because of gradient residual stress (RS) and grains. An integrated fatigue resistance assessment (AIFA) framework was proposed to consider the residual stress relief under stochastic loads. To this end, quasi-in situ neutron diffraction and Bragg-edge imaging were combined to probe the evolution of residual stress during crack propagation. Firstly, a rigid-flexible coupled vehicle dynamics model was adopted to obtain the time-domain variable amplitude loading spectrum. Then, Fortran subroutines were developed to assign these data into full-scale S38C axle model, and the remaining life was predicted using the damage tolerance approach. The results demonstrate that crack propagation would accelerate when residual stress is considered in the case of the crack depth exceeding 3.0 mm. It is, for the first time, found that 15 mm- and 5 mm-thickness fan-shaped specimens can retain the axial and hoop residual strain in terms of diffraction angle variation, respectively, for full-scale structural S38C steel axles. In the absence of RS, the remaining life of the axle decreases sharply from 624,800 to 51,300 km as the crack depth increases from 3.0 to 16 mm. Compared with the standard method under constant amplitude loading without residual stress relief, the present AIFA method provides the more accurate but conservative fatigue life prediction.
-wave 
baryonsSu, N.*; Chen, H.-X.*; Gubler, P.; 保坂 淳
Physical Review D, 113(1), p.016005_1 - 016005_7, 2026/01
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：67.85(Astronomy & Astrophysics)Using the QCD sum rule method, we investigate the mass splitting for the spin-orbit partner states of the 
baryon assuming that it is a -wave excitation with 
. This study is an extension of a previous work, in which the masses of these states were estimated with uncertainties too large to extract the reliable mass splitting. In the present study, by directly formulating a sum rule for the mass splitting, we obtain an improved prediction, 
MeV. This result provides a more quantitative insight into the spectrum of -wave baryons and serves as a useful reference for future experiments.
from QCD sum rulesSu, N.*; Chen, H.-X.*; Gubler, P.; 保坂 淳
Proceedings of Science (Internet), 500, p.076_1 - 076_6, 2026/01
We investigate the recently observed baryon using QCD sum rules. By constructing P-wave baryon currents and performing spin projection and parity projection, we obtain the masses of the 
and 
states as 
GeV and 
GeV, in good agreement with experiment. This suggests that is likely to be a negative parity P-wave excited state, though its spin remains undetermined and requires further study of its decay properties.
Hu, F. F.*; Qin, T. Y.*; Su, Y. H.; He, L. H.*; Ao, N.*; Parker, J. D.*; 篠原 武尚; Wu, S. C.*
International Journal of Fatigue, 193, p.108826_1 - 108826_14, 2025/04
被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：82.70(Engineering, Mechanical)The relaxation behaviors of residual stress and the influence on the fatigue resistance of S38C axles with induction hardening were investigated by using advanced Bragg-edge transmission imaging and neutron diffraction as well as XFEM-based numerical modeling. The Bragg-edge imaging results indicate that lattice parameters change as the crack develops, which then leads to a decrease of residual strain. In addition, it was observed from neutron diffraction results that all three residual stress components decrease with the crack growth. By contrast, the compressive residual stress in the axle surface was almost fully released when the crack propagated to the matrix material zone. Furthermore, residual stress relaxation was validated by the extended finite element method. These new insights confirm stress relaxation in railway S38C axles during crack propagation, which must be considered while carrying out the structural integrity assessment.
Hu, F.-F.*; Qin, T.-Y.*; Ao, N.*; 徐 平光; Su, Y. H.; Parker, J. D.*; 篠原 武尚; 菖蒲 敬久; Kang, G.-Z.*; Ren, M.-M.*; et al.
Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 25(2), p.75 - 93, 2025/04
To accurately predict the remaining lifetime of surface-strengthened railway axles, a damage tolerance method considering three-dimensional (3D) residual stresses was proposed. By taking the induction-hardened carbon steel S38C axle as an example, two-dimensional (2D) distribution characterization of residual strain and 3D residual stress measurement were performed through comprehensive application of the neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging and angle-dispersive neutron diffraction experiments. A numerical method was employed to implant the 3D residual stress into the axle model, and the remaining lifetime of the full-scale axle was studied by coupling the measured load spectrum, press-fit loads, and residual stresses. Experimental results shows that, both axial and hoop directions present a compressive residual strain gradient layer of about 3 mm, with a maximum compressive residual strain of up to -4500 
in the surface layer, yet a maximum tensile strain of up to 1000 in the core. The maximum axial and hoop compressive stresses of the axle are about -500 MPa and -303 MPa respectively, while radial stresses overall fluctuate in the zero mean stress range. At depths beyond 4.5 mm from the surface layer, all three components are tensile stresses. The axle surface layer is subjected to compressive residual stresses, and crack propagation does not occur if the crack depth is less than 4.5 mm. Nevertheless, cracks propagate accelerates when the crack depth is greater than 4.5 mm. Different crack propagation depth thresholds lead to a larger calculated remaining lifetime for the residual stress-free condition than for the case where 3D residual stresses are taken into account. However, the axle remaining service mileage of the axle of 227000 Km under the most conservative conditions exceeds 3.5 non-destructive inspection (NDI) cycles, with a large safety margin. The experimental results can provide a scientific reference for the development and optimization of NDI cycles for surface-strengthened railway axles.
from QCD sum rulesSu, N.*; Chen, H.-X.*; Gubler, P.; 保坂 淳
Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings, 347, p.2 - 5, 2024/12
We investigate the recently observed baryon using QCD sum rules. By constructing P-wave baryon currents and performing spin projection and parity projection, we obtain the masses of the and states as GeV and GeV, in good agreement with experiment. This suggests that is likely to be a negative parity P-wave excited state, though its spin remains undetermined and requires further study of its decay properties.
7/2 low-spin states in 
Fr populated in the electron capture of the 1/2
ground state of RaClisu, C.*; Andreyev, A. N.; Nita, C. R.*; 他42名*
Physical Review C, 110(6), p.064315_1 - 064315_15, 2024/12
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：37.47(Physics, Nuclear)A level scheme of Fr, following the EC/
decay of its parent, was constructed at CERN's ISOLDE Decay Station. The 
decay strength suggests direct population of low-spin (
=7/2) excited states. Analysis of 
-single and 
coincidences identified new -ray transitions and states up to 
3.6 MeV. Spins and parities of these levels, beyond the known (7/2) state, were assigned based on 
=126 isotone systematics and compared to shell-model calculations. A new isomer with a half-life of 26(3)~ns was also found.
Hu, F. F.*; Qin, T. Y.*; Ao, N.*; Su, Y. H.; Zhou, L.*; 徐 平光; Parker, J. D.*; 篠原 武尚; Chen, J.*; Wu, S. C.*
Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 306, p.110267_1 - 110267_18, 2024/08
被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：40.95(Mechanics)Non-destructive and quantitative mapping of gradient residual strain distribution in surface-hardened railway S38C axles could provide a positive reference for determining service lifetime and maintenance strategy. To tackle this concern, time-of-flight neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging was employed by real axle samples with and without impacted crater. A novel and simple procedure to formulate the residual strain field was also developed in this work, with the transmission batch code in Appendix A. By mapping the global two- dimensional residual strains, it can be verified that the residual strains into the axle are uniformly distributed in the hoop direction. Subsequently, it was revealed that the axial and hoop residual strains, respectively in the cylinder and the long strip samples prepared from a real S38C hollow axle, indicated a gradient evolution distribution with a depth of 8 mm, covering a range of -5500 1000 for axial strains and -6500 1000 for hoop strains. More importantly, the maximum compressive lattice strain of the cylinder sample was increased by 15.61%, and 22.35% at the impacting speeds of 100, and 125 m/s, respectively; and that of the long strip sample increased by 29.17%, and 43.70%, respectively. It can thus be concluded that lattice strains have redistributed around the impact crater, demonstrating the local alteration of the residual strain field. These new findings suggest the localized variation in residual strains should be taken into account while evaluating the service damage evolution of railway axles, especially those affected by high-speed impacts during operation.
Qin, T. Y.*; Hu, F. F.*; 徐 平光; Zhang, H.*; Zhou, L.*; Ao, N.*; Su, Y. H.; 菖蒲 敬久; Wu, S. C.*
International Journal of Fatigue, 185, p.108336_1 - 108336_13, 2024/08
被引用回数：22 パーセンタイル：89.47(Engineering, Mechanical)Gradient distribution of triaxial residual stresses to a depth of several millimeters is retained in middle carbon steel S38C axles after high-frequency induction hardening, which has become a critical concern for fatigue structural integrity. To address this, the axial, hoop, and radial gradient residual strains inside the axles were measured for the first time by advanced neutron diffraction. The SIGINI Fortran subroutine was then adopted to reconstruct the global initial residual stress field from the measured data. Experimental and simulation results show that residual stresses of about -520 MPa (axial), -710 MPa (hoop), and -40 MPa (radial) residual stress were retained below the axle surface. Subsequently, the fatigue crack propagation behavior of S38C axles was numerically investigated in the framework of fracture mechanics. The calculated results clearly show that the compressive residual stresses at a depth of 0?3 mm from the axle surface lead to a low crack growth driving force, and that fatigue cracks do not propagate as long as the crack depth is less than 3.7 mm for hollow S38C axles. These results further indicate that the maximum defect size allowed in routine inspections is acceptable from a safety and economic point of view. Accurate measurement and characterization of the global gradient residual stress field through experiments and simulations can provide an important reference for optimizing the mileage intervals of nondestructive testing (NDT) of surface defects in these surface-strengthened railway axles.
from QCD sum rulesSu, N.*; Chen, H.-X.*; Gubler, P.; 保坂 淳
Physical Review D, 110(3), p.034007_1 - 034007_9, 2024/08
被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：70.13(Astronomy & Astrophysics)We study the recently observed baryon in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) sum rules. We construct the P-wave baryon currents with a covariant derivative, and perform spin projection to obtain the currents with total spin 1/2 and 3/2. We then apply the parity-projected QCD sum rules to separate the contributions of the positive and negative parity states. We extract the masses of and states to be GeV and GeV. Both results are in good agreement with the experimental result. Therefore, it is likely that the is a negative parity state, which is interpreted as a P-wave excited state in the quark model. However, its spin is not determined in the present analysis, which can be done by detailed study on its decay properties.
Zhou, L.*; Zhang, H.*; Qin, T. Y.*; Hu, F. F.*; 徐 平光; Ao, N.*; Su, Y. H.; He, L. H.*; Li, X. H.*; Zhang, J. R.*; et al.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 55(7), p.2175 - 2185, 2024/07
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：34.73(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)High-speed railway S38C axles undergo surface induction hardening for durability, but are susceptible to fatigue cracks from foreign object impact. The neutron diffraction method was employed to measure the residual strain in S38C axles, obtaining microscopic lattice distortion data, for the gradient layer at a depth of 8 mm under the surface. The results showed that after induction-hardening, the microscopic lattice distortion had a gradient distribution, decreasing with the distance from the surface. However, in the case of impacting speed of 600 km/m, the average microscopic lattice distortion increased with the distance from the surface, reaching a maximum augmentation of 55 pct. These findings indicate a strong experimental basis, and improve our understanding of the relationship between macroscopic residual stress and decision-making, in regard to operation and maintenance.
and 
Xi, H.-Z.*; Jiang, Y.-W.*; Chen, H.-X.*; 保坂 淳; Su, N.*
Physical Review D, 108(9), p.094019_1 - 094019_13, 2023/11
被引用回数：11 パーセンタイル：62.38(Astronomy & Astrophysics)との量子数をもつ、ストレンジクォークのみからなるテトラクォークを理論的に調べた結果を報告する。前者および後者の質量はそれぞれ2.47GeV、3.07GeVであるなど、いくつかの予言値を得た。
Ao, N.*; Zhang, H.*; Xu, H. H.*; Wu, S. C.*; Liu, D.*; 徐 平光; Su, Y. H.; Kang, Q. H.*; Kang, G. Z.*
Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 281, p.109166_1 - 109166_14, 2023/03
被引用回数：18 パーセンタイル：76.06(Mechanics)Considering the complex service environments that high-speed railway axles are subjected to, the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of a structurally gradient axle steel with different pre-crack depths both in air and corrosive medium was investigated at a frequency of 5 Hz. The results indicated that in the high 
region, FCG rate was dramatically accelerated by corrosion, but the gap narrows as decreased. The accelerated corrosion FCG rate was a comprehensive result of the acceleration effect of the anodic dissolution, hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity and the retardation effect of corrosion-induced crack-tip blunting. Despite the fact that the corrosion resistance gradually decreased as the pre-crack depth increased, the FCG rate in the corrosive medium gradually decreased. This was because fatigue loading played a more important role than corrosion in accelerating the corrosion FCG rate.
Zhang, H.*; Wu, S. C.*; Ao, N.*; Zhang, J. W.*; Li, H.*; Zhou, L.*; 徐 平光; Su, Y. H.
International Journal of Fatigue, 166, p.107296_1 - 107296_11, 2023/01
被引用回数：36 パーセンタイル：88.20(Engineering, Mechanical)Abnormal damages in railway axles can lead to a significant hazard to running safety and reliability. To this end, a surface treatment was selected to effectively inhibit fatigue crack initiation and growth. In this study, a single edge notch bending fatigue test campaign with artificial notches was conducted to elucidate the fatigue crack non-propagation behavior in railway S38C axles subjected to an induction hardening process. The fatigue cracking behavior in the gradient structure was revealed by optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and fractography. The microhardness distribution was measured using a Vickers tester. The obtained results show that the microhardness of the strengthening layer is nearly triple that of the matrix. Owing to the gradient microstructures and hardness, as well as compressive residual stress, the fatigue long crack propagates faster once it passes through the hardened zone (approximately 2.0 mm in the radial depth). Thereafter, local retarding (including deflection, branching, and blunting) of the long crack occurs because of the relatively coarse ferrite and pearlite in the transition region and matrix. Totally, this fatigue cracking resistance is reasonably believed to be due to the gradient microstructure and residual stress. These findings help to tailor a suitable detection strategy for maximum defects or cracks in railway axles.
Zhang, Y.-X.*; Wang, Y,-J.*; Colonna, M.*; Danielewicz, P.*; 小野 章*; Tsang, M. B.*; Wolter, H.*; Xu, J.*; Chen, L.-W.*; Cozma, D.*; et al.
Physical Review C, 97(3), p.034625_1 - 034625_20, 2018/03
被引用回数：143 パーセンタイル：99.08(Physics, Nuclear)2017年4月に開催された国際会議Transport2017において、重イオン核反応モデルの国際的な比較が議論された。重イオン加速器の安全評価や宇宙飛行士の被ばく評価等で重要な役割を果たすため、世界中で重イオン核反応の様々な理論モデルが開発されている。本研究はモデル間の共通点と差異を明らかにし、各モデルの問題点を明らかにした。比較において、辺の長さが20fmの直方体に320個の中性子と320個の陽子をランダム配置し、それらが時間発展に伴って起こす散乱の回数や散乱時のエネルギーなどを計算する条件が設定された。また、結果以外にも、理論モデルを構成するアルゴリズムについても比較を行った。発表者は重イオン核反応モデルJQMD(JAERI Quantum Molecular Dynamics)を用いて計算を行い、世界で開発されている15の計算コードによる計算結果と比較した。コードアルゴリズムの比較では、JQMDは必ず陽子から 優先的に衝突確率を計算し、その後に中性子の衝突を計算するため、物理描像の妥当性が指摘された。一方、JQMDは他のモデルとほぼ同じ計算結果を出すことも判明した。衝突回数や運動量の計算値が平均から2倍以上乖離するモデルもある中で、JQMDは本計算条件で安定した性能を発揮することが確認された。
Briggs, L.*; Monti, S.*; Hu, W.*; Sui, D.*; Su, G. H.*; Maas, L.*; Vezzoni, B.*; Partha Sarathy, U.*; Del Nevo, A.*; Petruzzi, A.*; et al.
Proceedings of 16th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-16) (USB Flash Drive), p.3030 - 3043, 2015/08
IAEA主催の「EBR-II炉停止のための熱除去試験に係るベンチマーク解析」研究共同プロジェクトは4年計画のうち3年目となっている。本プロジェクトには11ヶ国19機関がEBR-IIで行われた炉停止のための熱除去試験の内最も厳しい過渡試験の内の2ケースについて解析を実施してきた。ベンチマーク仕様に基づき炉心及び1次主冷却系の解析モデルを構築し解析を実施した。本プロジェクトのPhese 1ではブラインド解析が実施され測定データと比較・評価された。Phase 2では、Phese 1で試験データと合わなかった箇所を検討し解析モデルの改良を実施した。本論文では、最新の解析結果及び残された作業の実施方針を記載した。
Pitcher, C. S.*; Andrew, P.*; Barnsley, R.*; Bertalot, L.*; Counsell, G. G.*; Encheva, A.*; Feder, R. E.*; 波多江 仰紀; Johnson, D. W.*; Kim, J.*; et al.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 415(Suppl.1), p.S1127 - S1132, 2011/08
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)ITER plasma boundary and first-wall diagnostics are summarized in terms of their physical implementation and physics motivation. The challenge of extracting diagnostic signals while maintaining nuclear shielding is discussed, as well as the problems associated with high levels of erosion and redeposition.
collisions at 
= 200 GeVAdare, A.*; Afanasiev, S.*; Aidala, C.*; Ajitanand, N. N.*; Akiba, Y.*; Al-Bataineh, H.*; Alexander, J.*; Aoki, K.*; Aphecetche, L.*; Armendariz, R.*; et al.
Physical Review D, 84(1), p.012006_1 - 012006_18, 2011/07
被引用回数：36 パーセンタイル：75.17(Astronomy & Astrophysics)重心エネルギー200GeVでの縦偏極陽子陽子衝突からのジェット生成のイベント構造と二重非対称(
)について報告する。光子と荷電粒子がPHENIX実験で測定され、イベント構造がPHYTIAイベント生成コードの結果と比較された。再構成されたジェットの生成率は2次までの摂動QCDの計算で十分再現される。測定されたは、一番低い横運動量で-0.0014
0.0037、一番高い横運動量で-0.01810.0282であった。このの結果を幾つかの
の分布を仮定した理論予想と比較する。
+ collisions at = 200 GeV and scaling properties of hadron productionAdare, A.*; Afanasiev, S.*; Aidala, C.*; Ajitanand, N. N.*; Akiba, Y.*; Al-Bataineh, H.*; Alexander, J.*; Aoki, K.*; Aphecetche, L.*; Armendariz, R.*; et al.
Physical Review D, 83(5), p.052004_1 - 052004_26, 2011/03
被引用回数：190 パーセンタイル：98.22(Astronomy & Astrophysics)RHIC-PHENIX実験で重心エネルギー200GeVの陽子陽子衝突からの
, 
, 
と
中間子生成の微分断面積を測定した。これらハドロンの横運動量分布のスペクトルの形はたった二つのパラメーター、
、のTsallis分布関数でよく記述できる。これらのパラメーターはそれぞれ高い横運動量と低い横運動量の領域のスペクトルを決めている。これらの分布をフィットして得られた積分された不変断面積はこれまで測定されたデータ及び統計モデルの予言と一致している。
Walsh, M.*; Andrew, P.*; Barnsley, R.*; Bertalot, L.*; Boivin, R.*; Bora, D.*; Bouhamou, R.*; Ciattaglia, S.*; Costley, A. E.*; Counsell, G.*; et al.
Proceedings of 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2010) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2011/03
The ITER device is currently under construction. To fulfil its mission, it will need a set of measurement systems. These systems will have to be robust and satisfy many requirements hitherto unexplored in Tokamaks. Typically, diagnostics occupy either a removable item called a port plug, or installed inside the machine as an intricate part of the overall construction. Limited space availability has meant that many systems have to be grouped together. Installation of the diagnostic systems has to be closely planned with the overall schedule. This paper will describe some of the challenges and systems that are currently being progressed.
