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Cs washoff from bare land in Fukushima五十嵐 康記*; 恩田 裕一*; 脇山 義史*; 吉村 和也; 加藤 弘亮*; 小塚 翔平*; 馬目 凌*
Science of the Total Environment, 769, p.144706_1 - 144706_9, 2021/05
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：13.39(Environmental Sciences)The impact of freeze-thaw processes and subsequent runoff affecting the Cs-137 (Cs) flux and concentration in sediment discharge were revealed in bareland erosion plot following the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident by detailed monitoring and laser scanner measurement on the soil surface. We found that surface topographic changes due to the frost-heaving during the winter- spring period, and rill formation during the summer. We also found the evident seasonal changes in Cs concentration; high during the early spring and gradually decreased thereafter, then surface runoff from the plot frequently occurred during spring and autumn when rainfall was high and reached a maximum in summer.
恩田 裕一*; 谷口 圭輔*; 吉村 和也; 加藤 弘亮*; 高橋 純子*; 脇山 義史*; Coppin, F.*; Smith, H.*
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment (Internet), 1(12), p.644 - 660, 2020/12
被引用回数：88 パーセンタイル：89.61(Environmental Sciences)This review, concerning on findings obtained by detailed field monitoring after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, covers the initial fallout and vertical movement of radionuclide in the land and forest, and subsequent transport and redistribution through hydrological and geomorphological processes in cropland, urban area, paddy field, and forested area. We discuss the finding of the transport of radionuclides through rivers and new discoveries for hydrological and sediment transport environmental impact in monsoonal regions.
恩田 裕一*; 谷口 圭輔*; 吉村 和也; 加藤 弘亮*; 高橋 純子*; 脇山 義史*; Coppin, F.*; Smith, H.*
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment (Internet), 1(12), P. 694_1, 2020/12
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.26(Environmental Sciences)The values along the mass depth axes in Figure 4a and 4b were slightly misaligned, and the relaxation mass depth markers shown in Figure 4b and 4c incorrectly located.
Cs, and their time dependence脇山 義史*; 恩田 裕一*; 吉村 和也; 五十嵐 康記*; 加藤 弘亮*
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 210, p.105990_1 - 105990_12, 2019/12
被引用回数：21 パーセンタイル：67.06(Environmental Sciences)This study provides the results of observations of plot-scale Cs wash-off from various land uses (two uncultivated farmlands, two cultivated farmlands, three grasslands and one forest) from 2011 to 2014. Annual Cs wash-off rate ranged from 0.0026 to 7.5% per year, and more vegetation cover resulted in lower sediment discharge. Cs concentration observed in uncultivated farmland plot decreased with time and the rate was lower than those of riverine, suggesting that contributions of Cs from the upslope area may be insignificant to that in riverine. A negative relationship between Cs concentration normalized by initial deposition amount and sediment concentration in runoff water was found. Cultivation appeared to cause enhanced soil erosion and resulted in constant relatively low Cs concentration. A contribution of coarse organic matter to Cs wash-off was suggested in the forest, which had relatively high Cs concentration and low sediment discharge.
加藤 弘亮*; 恩田 裕一*; Gao, X.*; 眞田 幸尚; 斎藤 公明
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 210, p.105996_1 - 105996_12, 2019/12
被引用回数：50 パーセンタイル：89.02(Environmental Sciences)Ascertaining the initial amount of accidentally released radiocesium is fundamental for determining the extent of radioactive contamination following nuclear accidents, and is of key importance to environmental transfer models. A series of the airborne monitoring surveys of radioactivity have conducted by the Japanese MEXT, and provide basic information on radioactive contamination following the accident. However, there are no clear guidelines regarding the selection of airborne monitoring survey results for estimating the initial fallout input in studies of the environmental transfer of radiocesium. This study reconstructed a fallout map of Fukushima accident-derived radiocesium based on a comparison of the radiocesium deposition densities derived from the third and fifth airborne monitoring surveys.
斎藤 公明; 三上 智; 安藤 真樹; 松田 規宏; 木名瀬 栄; 津田 修一; 佐藤 哲朗*; 関 暁之; 眞田 幸尚; Wainwright-Murakami, Haruko*; et al.
Journal of Radiation Protection and Research, 44(4), p.128 - 148, 2019/12
Massive environmental monitoring has been conducted continuously after the Fukushima accident with different monitoring methods having different features together with migration studies of radiocesium in diverse environments. At three months after the accident, multiple radionuclides were detected at many places; while it was confirmed that radiocesium was most important from the viewpoint of long-term exposures. The air dose rates in environments related to human living have decreased faster than expected from radioactive decay by a factor of 2-3 on average. An empirical model for predicting air dose rate distribution was developed based on statistical analysis of massive car-borne survey data. Some trials were performed to integrate different types of contamination maps to obtain an integrated map of better quantity. Annual external exposure doses for residents who would return to their home were estimated to less than a few mSv as a whole. The environmental data and knowledge have been provided for diverse-spectrum of people in different ways.
三上 智; 前山 健司*; 星出 好史*; 坂本 隆一*; 佐藤 昭二*; 奥田 直敏*; Demongeot, S.*; Gurriaran, R.*; 上蓑 義朋*; 加藤 弘亮*; et al.
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 139, p.320 - 343, 2015/01
被引用回数：90 パーセンタイル：92.94(Environmental Sciences)Comprehensive investigations have been conducted on the land environment affected by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Distribution maps of Cs-134, Cs-137, and Ag-110m deposition density as of March, September, and December 2012, were constructed according to monitoring results obtained at nearly a thousand locations. Little temporal change of the deposited radionuclides was observed during the nine months from March to December 2012. Weathering effects especially horizontal mobility, during this time were not noticeable. Spatial characteristics in the ratios of Cs-134/Cs-137 and Ag-110m/Cs-137 that deposited on ground were observed by investigations in the Tohoku and Kanto areas. The elaborate deposition maps of Cs-134 and Cs-137 as of September 2012, and those as of December 2012, were constructed using the relationship between the air dose rate and the deposited activity per unit area.
吉村 和也; 恩田 裕一*; 加藤 弘亮*
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 139, p.362 - 369, 2015/01
被引用回数：69 パーセンタイル：89.11(Environmental Sciences)Radiocaesium wash-off associated with soil erosion in different land use was monitored using USLE plots in Kawamata, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Parameters and factors relating to soil erosion and Cs concentration in the eroded soil were evaluated based on the field monitoring and presented. The erosion of fine soil, which is defined as the fraction of soil overflowed along with discharged water from a sediment-trap tank, constituted a large proportion of the discharged radiocaesium. This indicated that the quantitative monitoring of fine soil erosion is greatly important for the accurate evaluation of radiocaesium wash-off. An exponential relationship was found between vegetation cover and the amount of eroded soil. Moreover, the radiocaesium concentrations in the discharged soil were greatly affected by the land use. These results indicate that radiocaesium wash-off related to vegetation cover and land use is crucially important in modelling radiocaesium migration.
脇山 義史*; 恩田 裕一*; 吉村 和也; 加藤 弘亮*
no journal, ,
This study presents two-year observation of soil erosion and radiocesium wash-off to quantify differences in radiocesium behavior in various land uses. High erodibilities and relatively low values of radiocesium wash-off in cultivated farmlands can be attributed to the mixing of surface soil by ploughing. It was found that the total solid wash-off coefficient of radiocesium from farmlands is high and for 2 years period of time after the accident reaches 10%. Generally high precipitation in the region and steep slopes promote higher wash-off of radiocesium as compared to the Chernobyl case. Also, normalized wash-off coefficients exhibited relatively less volatility than erodibilities in thelandscapes. These results suggest that soil erosion management is crucial for mitigating risks of radiocesium.
恩田 裕一*; 谷口 圭輔*; 脇山 義史*; 吉村 和也; Smith, H.*; Blake, W.*; 岩上 翔*; 加藤 弘亮*
no journal, ,
An intensive field monitoring campaign has been started, immediately after the Fukushima NPP accident including detailed monitoring site in upstream (Yamakiya site), and 30 monitoring sites in downstream river sites. In this presentation, I will present the summary of four years environmental transfer studies after the Fukushima NPP accident. The detailed monitoring of activity concentration of radiocesium and their flux, which can be applicable for the fate and flux of the radionuclide transfer in humid temperate environment. We also found that land use controls most of the transport and then fate of Cs-137 in terrestrial environment.
加藤 弘亮*; 恩田 裕一*; Zul, H. S.*; 篠塚 友輝*; 赤岩 哲*; 新里 忠史
no journal, ,
本発表では、福島県川俣町及び浪江町の森林を対象として、福島原子力発電所事故から8年間の森林環境での放射性セシウムの移行状況の調査結果について報告するとともに、雨水や落葉等に伴う詳細な移行プロセスと放射性セシウム濃度の長期変化傾向の形成について考察した。
Cs wash-off from bareland in Fukushima五十嵐 康記*; 恩田 裕一*; 脇山 義史*; 吉村 和也; 加藤 弘亮*; 小塚 翔平*; 馬目 凌*
no journal, ,
The impact of freeze-thaw processes and subsequent runoff affecting the Cs flux and concentration in sediment discharge were revealed in bareland erosion plot following the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident by detailed monitoring and laser scanner measurement on the soil surface. We found that surface topographic changes due to the frost-heaving during the winter-spring period, and rill formation during the summer. We also found the evident seasonal changes in Cs concentration; high during the early spring and gradually decreased thereafter, then surface runoff from the plot frequently occurred during spring and autumn when rainfall was high and reached a maximum in summer. From these results, the higher Cs concentration in spring was caused by a mixture of unstable surface sediment following freeze- thaw processes and then transported in the early spring, but erosion amount is not significant because of the less rainfall event. The sediment with a lower Cs concentration, which was supplied from the rill erosion and its expansion, was wash-offed during the summer, contributing most of the flux from erosion in bareland in Fukushima region.
Cs置換活性成分の評価,3; 地球化学パラメータを用いた検討田中 琢朗*; 斉藤 拓巳*; 戸田 賀奈子*; 藤原 健壮; 寺島 元基; 中西 貴宏; 小林 奈通子*; 田野井 慶太朗*; 加藤 弘亮*
no journal, ,
福島第一原子力発電所事故によって放出され、現在も森林環境中に残存するCsが、河川を通じて海洋に放出され、動植物によって吸収されることが懸念されている。この河川中のCsの大部分は、水中に懸濁する粘土鉱物などに固定されているが、容易に脱離する置換活性成分と呼ばれるCsも存在する。この置換活性を持つCsは生物学的利用能に影響することがわかっている。本研究では、DGTと呼ばれるパッシングサンプラーを用いて、福島県の複数河川の上流から下流にかけて、Csの置換活性成分をその場サンプリングした。懸濁態Csや河川水中の地球化学パラメータとの関係を調べることにより、置換活性成分の脱離挙動やそれに影響を与える要因について議論する。
恩田 裕一*; 川野 泰地*; 永田 祐太郎*; 高橋 純子*; 榊原 孝一*; 加藤 弘亮*; 五十嵐 康記*; 新里 忠史
no journal, ,
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident occurred on March 11, 2011, and a large amount of Cs-137 was released into the environment. When Cs-137 is discharged downstream through rivers, its concentration is important because dissolved cesium is easily transferred to aquatic organisms such as fish. The purpose of this study is to investigate how biogeochemical activities are involved in the formation of dissolved Cs-137 concentrations in the headwaters of the watershed of Fukushima Prefecture. The results indicate that the concentration of dissolved Cs-137 is formed by the decomposition of coarse organic matters in the watershed. Thus, investigating the formation mechanism of dissolved Cs-137 concentration can be an important tracer for elucidating water and material cycles and biogeochemical activities in the terrestrial environment.
庭野 佑真*; 加藤 弘亮*; 恩田 裕一*; 佐藤 ひかる*; 飯田 光*; Anderson, D.*; 中西 美夕*; 新里 忠史
no journal, ,
福島第一原子力発電所事故により森林に沈着した放射性セシウムは、水系を通じて下流へ流出している。既往研究により、出水時には表流水の溶存態Cs-137濃度が上昇することが報告されており、土壌水の流出や堆積リターからの溶出の影響が指摘されている。一方で、森林源頭部の斜面には、様々な滞留時間、流動系をもつ地下水が存在し、それらが混合して表流水を形成するが、表流水の溶存態Cs-137濃度形成に与える影響は十分に調査されていない。そこで本研究では、森林源頭部斜面の地下水の詳細な水文観測により、浅層地下水が表流水のCs-137濃度形成に及ぼす影響を定量評価した。
庭野 佑真*; 加藤 弘亮*; 赤岩 哲*; Anderson, D.*; 飯田 光*; 中西 美夕*; 恩田 裕一*; 佐藤 ひかる*; 新里 忠史
no journal, ,
In this study we investigated that the influence of Cs-137 concentration in shallow groundwater systems in forest slopes. Our results showed that the average concentration of dissolved Cs-137 in shallow groundwater was 0.64 Bq/L, which was higher than that in surface water (average 0.10 Bq/L). Furthermore, it was also observed that a part of the shallow groundwater on the slope moves toward the river channel at the time of water runoff. This suggests that shallow groundwater may have flowed into the surface water during the outflow and contributed to the increase of Cs-137 in the surface water.
