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論文

MAAP code analysis for the in-vessel phase of Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 1 and comparison of the results among Units 1 to 3

佐藤 一憲; 吉川 信治; 山下 拓哉; 下村 健太; Cibula, M.*; 溝上 伸也*

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 422, p.113088_1 - 113088_24, 2024/06

The accident progression of the in-vessel phase of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 1 was analyzed using the MAAP code. Although there is a large uncertainty in the initial stage of accident progression behavior in Unit 1 with little measurement data, it is presumed to have similarities to that of Unit 3. As a result, in Unit 1, since there was almost no alternative water injection during the in-vessel phase, cooling of the debris transferred to the lower plenum was small. It was likely that a large molten pool of metals had formed, and that the steam supply to the high-temperature core materials was suppressed and metal oxidation was relatively small. The analysis results for Unit 1 were compared with those for Units 2 and 3, and differences between units such as the thermal conditions of the debris that relocated to the pedestal and the degree of metal oxidation were shown.

論文

MAAP code analysis focusing on the fuel debris conditions in the lower head of the pressure vessel in Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 3

佐藤 一憲; 吉川 信治; 山下 拓哉; 下村 健太; Cibula, M.*; 溝上 伸也*

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 414, p.112574_1 - 112574_20, 2023/12

Based on the updated knowledge from plant-internal investigations, experiments and computer-model simulations until now, the in-vessel phase of Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 3 was analyzed using the MAAP code. In Unit 3, it is considered that ca. 40 percent of UO$$_{2}$$ fuel was molten when core materials relocated to the lower plenum of the reactor pressure vessel. Initially relocated molten materials would have been fragmented by mixing with liquid water, while solid materials would have relocated later on. With this two-step relocation, debris in the lower plenum seems to have been permeable for coolant, thus debris seems to have been once cooled down effectively. Although the present MAAP analysis seems to slightly underestimate core-material oxidation during the relocation period, this probable underestimation was compensated for by an existing study that was considered more reliable, so that more realistic debris conditions in the lower plenum could be obtained. Probable debris reheat-up behavior was evaluated based on interpretation of the pressure data. This evaluation predicted that the fuel debris in the lower plenum was basically in solid-phase at the time when it relocated to the pedestal. With this study, basic validity of the former prediction of the Unit 3 accident progression behavior was confirmed, and detailed boundary conditions for future studies addressing the later phases were provided.

論文

令和4年度開始「廃炉・汚染水・処理水対策事業費補助金(燃料デブリの性状把握のための分析・推定技術の開発(原子炉圧力容器の損傷状況等の推定のための技術開発)」2022年度最終報告

山下 拓哉; 下村 健太; 永江 勇二; 山路 哲史*; 溝上 伸也; 三次 岳志; 小山 真一

廃炉・汚染水・処理水対策事業事務局ホームページ(インターネット), 53 Pages, 2023/10

令和4年度に原子力機構が補助事業者となって実施した「廃炉・汚染水・処理水対策事業費補助金(燃料デブリの性状把握のための分析・推定技術の開発(原子炉圧力容器の損傷状況等の推定のための技術開発))の成果概要を、最終報告として取りまとめた。本報告資料は、廃炉・汚染水・処理水対策事業費事務局ウェブサイトにて公開される。

論文

Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 3

山下 拓哉; 本多 剛*; 溝上 暢人*; 野崎 謙一朗*; 鈴木 博之*; Pellegrini, M.*; 酒井 健*; 佐藤 一憲; 溝上 伸也*

Nuclear Technology, 209(6), p.902 - 927, 2023/06

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:75.85(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The estimation and understanding of the state of fuel debris and fission products inside the plant is an essential step in the decommissioning of the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F). However, the direct observation of the plant interior, which is under a high radiation environment, is difficult and limited. Therefore, in order to understand the plant interior conditions, a comprehensive analysis and evaluation is necessary, based on various measurement data from the plant, analysis of plant data during the accident progression phase and information obtained from computer simulations for this phase. These evaluations can be used to estimate the conditions of the interior of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and the primary containment vessel (PCV). Herein, 1F Unit 3 was addressed as the subject to produce an estimated diagram of the fuel debris distribution from data obtained about the RPV and PCV based on the comprehensive evaluation of various measurement data and information obtained from the accident progression analysis, which were released to the public in November 2022.

論文

MAAP code analysis focusing on the fuel debris condition in the lower head of the pressure vessel in Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 2

佐藤 一憲; 吉川 信治; 山下 拓哉; Cibula, M.*; 溝上 伸也*

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 404, p.112205_1 - 112205_21, 2023/04

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:75.85(Nuclear Science & Technology)

これまでのプラント内部調査、実験、コンピュータモデルシミュレーションから得られた最新の知見に基づき、福島第一原子力発電所2号機の原子炉圧力炉容器内フェーズに対するMAAP解析を実施した。2号機では、炉心物質が圧力容器の下部プレナムに移動し、そこで冷却材によって冷却されて固化したときのエンタルピーが比較的低かったと考えられる。MAAPコードは、炉心物質リロケーション期間中の炉心物質の酸化の程度を過小評価する傾向があるが、酸化に係るより信頼性の高い既存研究を活用することによって補正を行うことで、下部プレナム内の燃料デブリ状態の、より現実的な評価を行った。この評価により、2号機事故進展挙動に係る既往予測の基本的妥当性が確認され、今後の後続過程研究を進めるための詳細な境界条件を提供した。下部ヘッドの破損とペデスタルへのデブリ移行に至るデブリ再昇温プロセスに対処する将来研究に、本研究で得た境界条件を反映する必要がある。

報告書

事故時の原子炉圧力容器及び炉内構造物の解析評価に用いる強度特性データ集

下村 健太; 山下 拓哉; 永江 勇二

JAEA-Data/Code 2022-012, 270 Pages, 2023/03

JAEA-Data-Code-2022-012.pdf:38.25MB

発電用原子炉である軽水炉において、東京電力ホールディングス株式会社福島第一原子力発電所と同様な全交流電源喪失が発生した場合には、原子炉圧力容器(RPV: Reactor Pressure Vessel)内の冷却機能の喪失、炉内の水位低下による燃料棒の露出、炉心溶融に伴うRPVの破損やRPV破損に伴う炉内の放射線物質の漏えいが発生することが考えられる。事故進展におけるRPVの損傷、溶融した燃料デブリの流出・拡大等の過程を検証、推定することは、廃炉作業を進める上で重要な情報となる。RPVの破損要因については、RPV下部構造部に加えられる荷重・拘束に起因する破損(力学的破損)、低融点金属や高融点酸化物とRPV底部の構造部材との共晶現象による破損(材料間反応による破損)、RPV底部の構造部材の融点近傍での破損が考えられる。破損要因の内、力学的破損については、数値解析(熱流動解析及び構造解析)により検証を行う。このような数値解析を実施する際には、RPV及び炉内構造物を構成する材料(ジルコニウム,炭化ホウ素,ステンレス鋼,ニッケル合金,低合金鋼等)の融点近傍までの伝熱特性(熱伝導率,比熱,密度)や材料特性(熱膨張係数,ヤング率,ポアソン比,引張,クリープ)が必要となる。本資料においては、公開文献を基に、RPV及び炉内構造物を構成する各材料の融点近傍までの母材の特性データをデータ集として取りまとめた。なお、RPV及び炉内構造物を構成する構造物の中には溶接部も存在するため、今回限られたデータであるが、溶接部に関する特性データも併せて示した。

論文

The Experimental and simulation results of LIVE-J2 test; Investigation on heat transfer in a solid-liquid mixture pool

間所 寛; 山下 拓哉; Gaus-Liu, X.*; Cron, T.*; Fluhrer, B.*; 佐藤 一憲; 溝上 伸也*

Nuclear Technology, 209(2), p.144 - 168, 2023/02

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Since the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) lower head failure determines the subsequent ex-vessel accident progression, it is a key issue to understand the accident progression of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F). The RPV failure is largely affected by thermal loads on the vessel wall and thus it is inevitable to understand thermal behavior of molten metallic pool with co- existence of solid oxide fuel debris. In the past decades, numerous experiments have been conducted to investigate a homogeneous molten pool behavior. Few experiments, however, addresses the melting and heat transfer process of debris bed consisted of materials with different melting temperatures. LIVE-J2 experiment aimed to provide the experimental data on a solid-liquid mixture pool in a simulated RPV lower head under various conditions. The extensive measurements of the melt temperature indicate the heat transfer regimes in a solid-liquid mixture pool. The test results showed that the conductive heat transfer was dominant during the steady state along the vessel wall boundary and that convective heat transfer takes place inside the mixture pool. Besides the experimental performance, the test case was numerically simulated by using ANSYS Fluent. The simulation results generally agree with the measured experimental data. The flow regime and transient melt evolution were able to be estimated by the calculated velocity field and the crust thickness, respectively.

論文

BWR lower head penetration failure test focusing on eutectic melting

山下 拓哉; 佐藤 拓未; 間所 寛; 永江 勇二

Annals of Nuclear Energy, 173, p.109129_1 - 109129_15, 2022/08

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Decommissioning work occasioned by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F) accident of March 2011 is in progress. Severe accident (SA) analysis, testing, and internal investigation are being used to grasp the 1F internal state. A PWR system that refers to the TMI-2 accident is typical for SA codes and testing, on the other hand, a BWR system like 1F is uncommon, understanding the 1F internal state is challenging. The present study conducted the ELSA-1 test, a test that focused on damage from eutectic melting of the liquid metal pool and control rod drive (CRD), to elucidate the lower head (LH) failure mechanism in the 1F accident. The results demonstrated that depending on the condition of the melt pool formed in the lower plenum, a factor of LH boundary failure was due to eutectic melting. In addition, the state related to the CRD structure of 1F unit 2 were estimated.

論文

Post-test analyses of the CMMR-4 test

山下 拓哉; 間所 寛; 佐藤 一憲

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science, 8(2), p.021701_1 - 021701_13, 2022/04

Understanding the final distribution of core materials and their characteristics is important for decommissioning the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F). Such characteristics depend on the accident progression in each unit. However, boiling water reactor accident progression involves great uncertainty. This uncertainty, which was clarified by MAAP-MELCOR Crosswalk, cannot be resolved with existing knowledge and was thus addressed in this work through core material melting and relocation (CMMR) tests. For the test bundle, ZrO$$_{2}$$ pellets were installed instead of UO$$_{2}$$ pellets. A plasma heating system was used for the tests. In the CMMR-4 test, useful information was obtained on the core state just before slumping. The presence of macroscopic gas permeability of the core approaching ceramic fuel melting was confirmed, and the fuel columns remained standing, suggesting that the collapse of fuel columns, which is likely in the reactor condition, would not allow effective relocation of the hottest fuel away from the bottom of the core. This information will help us comprehend core degradation in boiling water reactors, similar to those in 1F. In addition, useful information on abrasive water suspension jet (AWSJ) cutting for debris-containing boride was obtained in the process of dismantling the test bundle. When the mixing debris that contains oxide, metal, and boride material is cut, AWSJ may be repelled by the boride in the debris, which may cut unexpected parts, thus generating a large amount of waste in cutting the boride part in the targeted debris. This information will help the decommissioning of 1F.

論文

Ten years of Fukushima Dai-ichi post-accident research on the degradation phenomenology of the BWR core components

Pshenichnikov, A.; 柴田 裕樹; 山下 拓哉; 永江 勇二; 倉田 正輝

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 59(3), p.267 - 291, 2022/03

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:32.89(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The paper reviews the results of the JAEA and some International activities over the last ten years of research on the understanding of the core components melting and debris formation in boiling water reactors.

論文

LIVE-J1 experiment on debris melting behavior toward understanding late in-vessel accident progression of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

間所 寛; 山下 拓哉; 佐藤 一憲; Gaus-Liu, X.*; Cron, T.*; Fluhrer, B.*; St$"a$ngle, R.*; Wenz, T.*; Vervoortz, M.*; 溝上 伸也

Proceedings of 19th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-19) (Internet), 16 Pages, 2022/03

Debris and molten pool behavior in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) lower plenum is a key factor to determine its failure mode, which affects the initial condition of ex-vessel accident progression and the debris characteristics. These are necessary information to accomplish safe decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. After dryout of the solidified debris in the lower plenum, metallic debris is expected to melt prior to the oxide debris due to its lower melting temperature. The lower head failure is likely be originated by the local thermal load attack of a melting debris bed. Numerous experiments have been conducted in the past decades to investigate the homogeneous molten pool behavior with external cooling. However, few experiments address the transient heat transfer of solid-liquid mixture without external cooling. In order to enrich the experimental database of melting and heat transfer process of debris bed consisted of materials with different melting temperatures, LIVE-J1 experiment was conducted using ceramic and nitrate particles as high melting and low melting temperature simulant materials, respectively. The test results showed that debris height decreased gradually as the nitrate particles melt, and molten zone and thermal load on vessel wall were shifted from bottom upwards. Both conductive and convective heat transfer could take place in a solid-liquid mixture pool. These results can support the information from the internal investigations of the primary containment vessel and deepen the understanding of the accident progression.

論文

福島第一原子力発電所事故はどこまでわかっているか; 2号機の場合

山下 拓哉

エネルギーレビュー, 41(4), p.14 - 16, 2021/03

福島第一原子力発電所事故から10年が経ち、ポスト福島事故に関し様々な原子力安全研究の取り組みが進められている。月刊「エネルギーレビュー」2021年4月号では「原子力安全に関する研究の進展」について特集が組まれた。本号の「福島第一原子力発電事故はどこまでわかっているか; 2号機の場合」で、プラントデータ及び内部調査結果を中心とした評価により推定される2号機の事故進展について解説している。

論文

Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 2

山下 拓哉; 佐藤 一憲; 本多 剛*; 野崎 謙一朗*; 鈴木 博之*; Pellegrini, M.*; 酒井 健*; 溝上 伸也*

Nuclear Technology, 206(10), p.1517 - 1537, 2020/10

 被引用回数:12 パーセンタイル:86.84(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The estimation and understanding of the state of fuel debris and fission products inside the plant is an essential step in the decommissioning of the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F). However, the direct observation of the plant interior, which is under a high radiation environment. Therefore, in order to understand the plant interior conditions, the comprehensive analysis and evaluation is necessary, based on various measurement data from the plant, analysis of plant data during the accident progression phase and information obtained from computer simulations for this phase. These evaluations can be used to estimate the conditions of the interior of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and the primary containment vessel (PCV). Herein, 1F Unit 2 was addressed as the subject to produce an estimated map of the fuel debris distribution from data obtained about the RPV and PCV based on the comprehensive evaluation of various measurement data and information obtained from the accident progression analysis, which were released to the public in June 2018.

論文

Development of experimental technology for simulated fuel-assembly heating to address core-material-relocation behavior during severe accident

阿部 雄太; 山下 拓哉; 佐藤 一憲; 中桐 俊男; 石見 明洋

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science, 6(2), p.021113_1 - 021113_9, 2020/04

The authors are developing an experimental technology for simulating severe accident (SA) conditions using simulate fuel material (ZrO$$_{2}$$) that would contribute, not only to Fukushima Daiichi (1F) decommissioning, but also to enhance the safety of worldwide existing and future nuclear power plants through clarification of accident progression behavior. Nontransfer (NTR) type plasma, which has been in practical use with a large torch capacity as high as 2 MW, has the potential to heat subject materials to very high temperatures without selecting the target to be heated. When simulating 1F with SA code, the target of this core-material-melting and relocation (CMMR) experiment was to confirm that NTR plasma has a sufficient heating performance realizing large temperature gradients ($$>$$ 2000 K/m) expected under 1F conditions. The authors selected NTR-type plasma-heating technology that has the advantage of continuous heating in addition to its high-temperature level. The CMMR-2 experiments were carried out in 2017 applying the improved technology (higher heating power and controlled oxygen concentration). The CMMR-2 experiment adopted a 30-min heating period, wherein the power was increased to a level where a large temperature gradient was expected at the lower part of the core under actual 1F accident conditions. Most of the control blade and channel box migrated from the original position. After heating, the simulated fuel assembly was measured by X-ray computed tomography (CT) technology and by electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). CT pictures and elemental mapping demonstrated its excellent performance with rather good precision. Based on these results, an excellent perspective, in terms of applicability of the NTR-type plasma-heating technology to the SA experimental study, was obtained.

論文

The CMMR program; BWR core degradation in the CMMR-4 test

山下 拓哉; 佐藤 一憲

Proceedings of 9th Conference on Severe Accident Research (ERMSAR 2019) (Internet), 13 Pages, 2019/03

福島第一原子力発電所事故(1F)廃止に向けては、炉心物質の最終的な分布とその特性を理解することが重要である。これらの特性は明らかに各ユニットの事故進展に左右される。ただし、BWRの事故進展挙動には大きな不確かさが存在する。MAAP-MELCOR Crosswalkによって明らかにされたこの不確かさは、既存の実験データと知識では解決できない。冷却材がBWR炉心から失われると、その後のシナリオはTMI-2に代表されるものと「連続ドレン型」というシナリオに分けられる。この分岐点の主な不確かさは、2つの疑問点としてまとめられる。(Q1)高温で燃料溶融に近接した損傷炉心のガス透過性はどのようなものか。(Q2)燃料溶融前の高温炉心の下方移動とその構造材加熱への影響はどうか。これらの問題に取り組むために、炉心物質の溶融および再配置に関わるCMMR実験が行われた。CMMR-4試験では、スランピング直前の炉心状態に関する有用な情報が得られた。酸化物燃料が溶融に近接する条件での炉心の巨視的なガス透過性の存在が確認され(A1)、実際の炉で生じる可能性の高い燃料柱崩壊があった場合、最も高温の燃料は炉心の高温部から効率的に低温部に移動できず、炉心燃料最高温度の効果的な制限や、支持構造の著しい加熱が生じないことを示唆している(A2)。

論文

異材溶接継手の界面破断の力学的要因分析

山下 拓哉; 山下 勇人; 永江 勇二

鉄と鋼, 105(1), p.96 - 104, 2019/01

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:6.35(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)

火力・原子力発電プラントの使用温度条件である550度では、フェライト鋼と溶接材の界面で破断が生じる研究結果が報告されている。本研究では、フェライト鋼への溶接時の入熱量が異なる2種類の異材継手を製作した。溶接には高入熱であるプラズマ溶接および低入熱であるティグ溶接をそれぞれ使用した。改良9Cr-1Mo鋼に形成された熱影響部の組織はプラズマ溶接とティグ溶接とで異なっていた。改良9Cr-1Mo鋼/Alloy 600部を用いて試験片を製作し、550度のクリープ試験を実施した。試験より、ティグ溶接を使用した試験片は界面破断し、プラズマ溶接を使用した試験片は界面破断しない結果が得られた。そのため、熱影響部のひずみ分布計測および有限要素解析を実施し、フェライト鋼に形成される熱影響部の変形挙動に着目し界面破断メカニズムを力学的観点で分析した。各溶接法により製作した異材接手のフェライト鋼の界面近傍に形成する熱影響部の特性の違いにより、界面近傍でのひずみ分布に違いが生じることが分かった。界面破断を回避するためには、フェライト鋼界面近傍にクリープひずみ速度が遅い熱影響部を形成させる必要がある。

論文

The CMMR program; BWR core degradation in the CMMR-3 test

山下 拓哉; 佐藤 一憲; 阿部 雄太; 中桐 俊男; 石見 明洋; 永江 勇二

Proceedings of International Conference on Dismantling Challenges; Industrial Reality, Prospects and Feedback Experience (DEM 2018) (Internet), 11 Pages, 2018/10

2011年に発生した福島第一原子力発電所事故における、燃料集合体の溶融進展挙動については、未だ十分に解明されていない。1979年に発生したスリーマイル島原子力発電所2号炉の事故以降、加圧水型原子炉を中心としたシビアアクシデントについては、炉心溶融の初期挙動や圧力容器破損に関わる個別現象に着目した試験が多数行われてきた。しかし、炉心溶融が進行し、炉心物質が炉心から下部プレナムへと移行する過程に関わる既往研究は少なく、特に、この移行経路に制御棒と複雑な炉心下部支持構造が存在する沸騰水型原子炉(以下、「BWR」という)条件での試験データはほとんどない。本研究では、UO$$_{2}$$ペレットの代りにZrO$$_{2}$$ペレットを用いた燃料集合体規模の試験体に対し、BWR実機で想定される軸方向温度勾配をプラズマ加熱により実現し、高温化炉心のガス透過性および高温化炉心物質の支持構造部への進入と加熱を明らかにするための試験を実施した。その結果、高温化した炉心燃料は、部分的な閉塞を形成するが、残留燃料柱は互いに融着しない傾向が強く、崩壊した場合を含めて気相(及び液相)に対するマクロな透過性を持つことが明らかとなった。

論文

Development of experimental technology for simulated fuel-assembly heating to address core-material-relocation behavior during severe accident

阿部 雄太; 山下 拓哉; 佐藤 一憲; 中桐 俊男; 石見 明洋; 永江 勇二

Proceedings of 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-26) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2018/07

Authors are developing an experimental technology to realize experiments simulating Severe Accident (SA) conditions using simulant fuel material (ZrO$$_{2}$$ with slight addition of MgO for stabilization) that would contribute not only to Fukushima Daiichi (1F) decommissioning but also to enhance the safety of worldwide existing and future nuclear power plants through clarification of the accident progression behavior. Based on the results of the prototype test, improvement of plasma heating technology was conducted. The Core Material Melting and Relocation (CMMR)-1/-2 experiments were carried out in 2017 with the large-scale simulated fuel assembly (1 m $$times$$ 0.3 m $$phi$$) applying the improved technology (higher heating power and controlled oxygen concentration). In these two tests, heating history was different resulting basically in similar physical responses with more pronounced material melting and relocation in the CMMR-2 experiment. The CMMR-2 experiment is selected here from the viewpoint of establishing an experimental technology. The CMMR-2 experiment adopted 30-min heating period, the power was increased up to a level so that a large temperature gradient ($$>$$ 2,000 K/m) expected at the lower part of the core in the actual 1F accident conditions. Most of the control blade and the channel box migrated from the original position. After the heating, the simulated fuel assembly was measured by the X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) technology and by Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA). CT pictures and elemental mapping demonstrated its excellent performance with rather good precision. Based on these results, an excellent perspective in terms of applicability of the non-transfer type plasma heating technology to the SA experimental study was obtained.

論文

The CMMR program; BWR core degradation in the CMMR-1 and the CMMR-2 tests

山下 拓哉; 佐藤 一憲; 阿部 雄太; 中桐 俊男; 石見 明洋; 永江 勇二

Proceedings of 12th International Conference of the Croatian Nuclear Society; Nuclear Option for CO$$_{2}$$ Free Energy Generation (USB Flash Drive), p.109_1 - 109_15, 2018/06

2011年に発生した福島第一原子力発電所事故における、燃料集合体の溶融進展挙動については、未だ十分に解明されていない。1979年に発生したスリーマイル島原子力発電所2号炉の事故以降、加圧水型原子炉を中心としたシビアアクシデントについては、炉心溶融の初期挙動や圧力容器破損に関わる個別現象に着目した試験が多数行われてきた。しかし、炉心溶融が進行し、炉心物質が炉心から下部プレナムへと移行する過程に関わる既往研究は少なく、特に、この移行経路に制御棒と複雑な炉心下部支持構造が存在する沸騰水型原子炉(以下、「BWR」という)条件での試験データはほとんどない。本研究では、UO$$_{2}$$ペレットの代りにZrO$$_{2}$$ペレットを用いた燃料集合体規模の試験体に対し、BWR実機で想定される軸方向温度勾配をプラズマ加熱により実現し、高温化炉心のガス透過性および高温化炉心物質の支持構造部への進入と加熱を明らかにするための試験を実施した。その結果、高温化した炉心燃料は、部分的な閉塞を形成するが、残留燃料柱は互いに融着しない傾向が強く、崩壊した場合を含めて気相(及び液相)に対するマクロな透過性を持つことが明らかとなった。

論文

Metallurgical investigations on creep rupture mechanisms of dissimilar welded joints between Gr.91 and 304SS

山下 拓哉; 永江 勇二; 菊地 浩一*; 山本 賢二*

Proceedings of 2017 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2017) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2017/04

A dissimilar welded joint was adopted to achieve higher thermal efficiency and economy levels in nuclear and thermal power plants. 2 types of dissimilar welded joints which were different heat input during welding to the ferrite steels were manufactured. The dissimilar welded joints were made of following materials; the modified 9Cr-1Mo steel (Gr. 91) for the ferritic steels, the 304 stainless steel for the austenitic steels and the Inconel 600 for the filler metals, Welding methods for the modified 9Cr-1Mo steel were used Plasma Arc Welding and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), respectively. Creep tests were conducted. Specimens by GTAW failed in base metal part and interface between the modified 9Cr-1Mo steel and Inconel 600. Interface failure mechanisms were analyzed from a perspective of metallurgy which were precipitation and growth of type I carbide and formation of oxide layer.

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