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谷口 良徳; 三原 武; 垣内 一雄; 宇田川 豊
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 195, p.110144_1 - 110144_11, 2024/01
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)A reactivity-initiated accident (RIA)-simulated test CN-1 on a high-burnup 64 GWd/t mixed-oxide fuel rod sheathed with M5
cladding was conducted at the Nuclear Safety Research Reactor, resulting in fuel failure. A small opening with slight ballooning deformation characterized the post-test visual appearance of the test fuel rod. Simulation using fuel performance codes FEMAXI-8/RANNS predicted rod survival under early phase loading induced by pellet-cladding mechanical interaction and subsequent boiling transition, and the cladding surface temperature measured online confirmed the occurrence of boiling transition. The experimental observation and simulation indicate that the failure was caused by a high-temperature rupture following increased rod-internal pressure. The RANNS sensitivity analysis revealed that a mechanical state parameter dedicated to predicting plastic instability might be an effective index for evaluating the risk of rupture failure during RIAs.
fuel with additives under reactivity-initiated accident conditions三原 武; 垣内 一雄; 谷口 良徳; 宇田川 豊
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 60(5), p.512 - 525, 2023/05
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)Fuels with additives are expected to provide enhanced fuel performance in fission gas retention owing to their large grain size, which elongates fission gas migration path. To investigate behavior of the fuels during a reactivity-initiated accident (RIA), RIA-simulated experiments OS-1 and LS-4 were performed on ADOPT (chromia- and alumina-doped UO) fuel of 64 GWd/t and chromia-doped UO fuel of 48 GWd/t, respectively. The OS-1 rod failed at a fuel enthalpy increase of 160 J/g due to pellet-cladding mechanical interaction failure, which was the lowest failure limit among the test results ever obtained at the NSRR on high-burnup fuels from 40 to 65 GWd/tU. Comparison of the hydride morphologies in the cladding metallic layer between the rods subjected to the past NSRR tests suggests the contribution of radially oriented hydrides during base irradiation to the low failure limit. The LS-4 rod survived for a peak fuel enthalpy increase of 549 J/g, which resulted in cladding deformation of 
2.4% in the residual hoop strain and FGR of 1.4%-6.1%. Whereas the low fission gas release exhibits the effect of additives, the cladding deformation is within the range explained by the deformation mechanism essentially identical to those recognized for high-burnup undoped fuels.
島田 亜佐子; 谷口 良徳; 垣内 一雄; 大平 早希; 飯田 芳久; 杉山 智之; 天谷 政樹; 丸山 結
Scientific Reports (Internet), 12(1), p.2086_1 - 2086_11, 2022/02
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：31.61(Multidisciplinary Sciences)2011年3月12日に福島第一原子力発電所の1号機のベントが行われ、1・2号機共用スタックから放射性ガスが放出された。本研究ではこのベントにより放出された放射性核種の情報を有していると考えられる、1・2号機共用スタック基部のドレンピットから採取したドレン水の放射化学分析を実施した。揮発性の
Iや
Cs, 
Csだけでなく、
Co, 
Sr, 
Sb, 1号機由来安定Moが検出された。1号機由来安定Moの量はCsの量よりもはるかに少ないことから、事故時の炉内状況ではCsMoO
の生成は抑制されたと考えられる。また、2020年10月時点では、約90%のIがI
、約10%がIO
で存在した。Csより多いIが観測されたことから、事故時に
IはCsIというよりも分子状のヨウ素として放出されたことが示唆された。2011年3月11日に減衰補正したCs/Cs放射能比は0.86で、2号機や3号機由来と考えられる放射能比より低いことが示された。
三原 武; 垣内 一雄; 谷口 良徳; 宇田川 豊
Proceedings of TopFuel 2021 (Internet), 10 Pages, 2021/10
Test OS-1, the reactivity-initiated-accident (RIA) -simulated test on 64 GWd/tU high burnup fuel with ADOPT (chromia-and-alumina-doped UO) pellets resulted in a failure at the lowest fuel enthalpy increase among the tests ever performed at the NSRR on high burnup fuels from 40 to 65 GWd/tU. Roles of both fuel pellets and cladding behaviours in this remarkable observation are being investigated. A comparative RIA-simulated test OS-2 was thus performed on undoped fuel that had been base-irradiated in the identical fuel assembly with the OS-1 rod. The transient records acquired during Test OS-2 indicated that the rod survived without fuel failure. Radially projected hydride lengths in the cladding metallic layer were evaluated from the metallograph images observed in the vicinity of the OS-2 test rod and compared with other failure test cases. The comparison suggested that the hydride morphologies affected the low failure limit of the OS-1 rod and also explains the survival of the OS-2 rod, to some extent. Nevertheless, as the OS-2 rod survived 100 J/g higher peak fuel enthalpy than the OS-1 failure limit, further experimental and analytical studies are desired to pursue other possible causes: additional loading specific to ADOPT pellets, difference in the pellet/cladding bonding condition, and so on.
谷口 良徳; 三原 武; 宇田川 豊
Proceedings of TopFuel 2021 (Internet), 10 Pages, 2021/10
Scattering of hydride precipitates in a fuel cladding tube was simply modeled by mapping of multiple cracks in finite element system based on the image-processed hydride morphologies observed in post-test cladding samples and the mechanical interactions of these cracks were simulated by damage mechanics calculation. This is a part of ongoing efforts to analyze the effect of the radially oriented hydride precipitates in the cladding tube on the fuel-failure limit observed in Test OS-1: a reactivity-initiated accident (RIA)-simulated test on the BWR fuel with additives irradiated to 64 GWd/tU, which resulted in a fuel failure with the lowest failure limit among the tests ever performed at the NSRR for high burnup BWR rods. The LS-1 test fuel rod, with similar burnup to the OS-1 rod, was selected as another RIA-simulated test rod to be compared with. Sensitivity was examined for damage model parameters, which dominate strain level at which a finite element becomes softened and finally loses its load-carrying capacity, and two sets of plasticity model parameters calibrated for irradiated and unirradiated materials. In the calculation, large stress concentration occurred in the regions between the tips of two adjacent cracks, and one pair of such cracks, typically one of the longest radial cracks existing in the outer periphery of the cladding, then linked to form a longer crack. The simulated macroscopic circumferential strain at failure of the OS-1 cladding model was lower than that of the LS-1 cladding model by about 40% or more. Limited sensitivity of the damage and plasticity model parameters, observed for the investigated range, suggests that the reduction of failure strain primarily reflects the difference in crack distributions between the two simulated rods. The results support the interpretation that the radially oriented hydrides contributed to the low PCMI-failure limit observed in Test OS-1.
谷口 良徳; 宇田川 豊; 天谷 政樹
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 139, p.107188_1 - 107188_7, 2020/05
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：12.16(Nuclear Science & Technology)The fuel-failure-limit data obtained in the simulated reactivity-initiated-accident experiment SPERT-CDC 859 (SPERT859) has entailed a lot of discussions if it represents fuel-failure behavior of typical commercial LWRs for its specific pre-irradiation condition and fuel state. The fuel-rod conditions before and during SPERT859 were thus assessed by the fuel-performance codes FEMAXI-8 and RANNS with focusing on cladding corrosion and its effect on the failure limit of the test rod. The analysis showed that the fuel cladding was probably excessively corroded even when the influential calculation conditions such as fuel swelling and creep models were determined so that the lowest limit of the cladding oxide layer thickness was captured. Such assumption of excessive cladding corrosion during pre-irradiation well explains not only the test-rod state before pulse irradiation but also the fuel-failure limit observed. Such understanding undermines anew the representativeness of the test data as a direct basis of safety evaluation for LWR fuels.
and chromia-alumina additive fuels under simulated reactivity-initiated accidents; A Comparative analysis with FEMAXI-8宇田川 豊; 三原 武; 谷口 良徳; 垣内 一雄; 天谷 政樹
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 139, p.107268_1 - 107268_9, 2020/05
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：35.51(Nuclear Science & Technology)This paper reports a computer-code analysis on the base-irradiation behavior of the chromia-and-alumina-doped BWR rod irradiated to 64 GWd/t in Oskarshamn-3, Sweden, and subjected to the reactivity-initiated-accident (RIA) test OS-1, which resulted in a fuel failure due to pellet-cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI) at the lowest fuel-enthalpy increase in all the BWR tests ever performed. The inverse calculation which utilized post-irradiation examination data as its constraint conditions revealed that the OS-1 rod had very likely experienced more intense PCMI loading due to higher swelling rate during base irradiation than other BWR rods subjected to previous RIA tests and thus had been prone to experience enhanced radial-hydride formation. The significant difference in the cladding hoop-stress more than 50 MPa discriminates the OS-1 rod from other BWR rods and supports the interpretation that enhanced radial-hydrides formation differentiated the PCMI-failure behavior observed in the test OS-1 from the previous BWR-fuel tests.
三原 武; 宇田川 豊; 天谷 政樹; 谷口 良徳; 垣内 一雄
Proceedings of International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference / Light Water Reactor Fuel Performance Conference (Global/Top Fuel 2019) (USB Flash Drive), p.544 - 550, 2019/09
In order to assess effects of additives for fuel pellet on the fuel behavior during a reactivity-initiated accident (RIA), fuels with additives irradiated in commercial light water reactors (LWRs) in Europe up to high burnup were subjected to pulse-irradiation experiments in Nuclear Safety Research Reactor (NSRR) of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). Two tests were performed: test LS-4 with chromia-doped UO and Zry-2 cladding with liner and test OS-1 with ADOPT
(chromia-and-alumina-doped UO) pellet and Zry-2 cladding with liner. The test fuel rod of LS-4 did not fail. The test fuel rod of OS-1 was considered to be failed by hydride-assisted pellet-cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI). The fuel failure limit in OS-1 was the lowest among the test results ever obtained at the NSRR in similar burnup range. The morphology of the hydrides precipitated in the fuel cladding of OS-1 was investigated by metallography and compared with previous results obtained in JAEA in connection focusing fuel failure limit. It was suggested that the observed lower limit of fuel failure was related to the amount and length of the hydride precipitated along the radial direction of cladding.
谷口 良徳; 宇田川 豊; 三原 武; 天谷 政樹; 垣内 一雄
Proceedings of International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference / Light Water Reactor Fuel Performance Conference (Global/Top Fuel 2019) (USB Flash Drive), p.551 - 558, 2019/09
A pulse-irradiation test CN-1 on a high-burnup MOX fuel with M5 cladding was conducted at the Nuclear Safety Research Reactor (NSRR) of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). Although the transient signals obtained during the pulse-irradiation test did not show any signs of the occurrence of PCMI failure, the failure of the test fuel rod was confirmed from the visual inspection carried out after test CN-1. Analyses using fuel performance codes FEMAXI-8 and RANNS were also performed in order to investigate the fuel behavior during normal operation and pulse-irradiation regarding the test fuel rod of CN-1, and the results were consistent with this observation result. These experimental and calculation results suggested that the failure of test fuel rod of CN-1 was not caused by hydride-assisted PCMI but high-temperature rupture following the increase in rod internal pressure. The occurrence of this failure mode might be related to the ductility remained in the M5 cladding owing to its low content of the hydrogen absorbed during normal operation.
谷口 良徳; 垣内 一雄; 天谷 政樹
核燃料, (54-1), p.16 - 19, 2019/03
日本原子力研究開発機構(JAEA)は、国内外の専門家との間で軽水炉燃料の安全性に係る情報交換や議論を目的とした国際会議「燃料安全研究国際会議(Fuel Safety Research Meeting: FSRM)」を開催している。本報は、2018年10月30-31日に茨城県水戸市で開催した、FSRM2018の概要について述べたものである。
天谷 政樹; 宇田川 豊; 成川 隆文; 三原 武; 谷口 良徳
Proceedings of Annual Topical Meeting on Reactor Fuel Performance (TopFuel 2018) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2018/10
Fuels for light water reactors (LWRs) which consist of improved cladding materials and pellets have been developed by utilities and fuel vendors to acquire better fuel performance even in the high burnup region and also raise the safety level of current nuclear power plants to a higher one. In order to evaluate adequacy of the present regulatory criteria in Japan and safety margins regarding the fuel with improved materials, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has conducted ALPS-II program sponsored by Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA), Japan. In this program, the tests simulating a reactivity-initiated accident (RIA) and a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) have been performed on the high burnup advanced fuels irradiated in commercial PWR or BWR in Europe. This paper presents recent results obtained in this program with respect to RIA, and main results of LOCA experiments, which have been obtained in the ALPS-II program, are summarized.
天谷 政樹; 宇田川 豊; 成川 隆文; 三原 武; 谷口 良徳
Proceedings of 2017 Water Reactor Fuel Performance Meeting (WRFPM 2017) (USB Flash Drive), 10 Pages, 2017/09
JAEA has conducted a research program called ALPS-II program for advanced fuels of LWRs. In this program, the tests simulating a RIA and a LOCA have been performed on the high burnup advanced fuels irradiated in European commercial reactors. The failure limits of the high-burnup advanced fuels under RIA conditions have been obtained by the pulse irradiation tests at the NSRR in JAEA. The information about pellet fragmentation etc. during the pulse irradiations was also obtained from post-test examinations on the test rods after the pulse irradiation tests. As for the simulated LOCA test, integral thermal shock tests and high-temperature oxidation tests have been performed at the RFEF in JAEA. The fracture limits under LOCA and post-LOCA conditions etc. of the high-burnup advanced fuel cladding have been investigated, and it was found that in terms of these materials the fracture boundaries do not decrease and the oxidation does not significantly accelerate in the burnup level examined.
天谷 政樹; 宇田川 豊; 成川 隆文; 三原 武; 谷口 良徳
Proceedings of Annual Topical Meeting on LWR Fuels with Enhanced Safety and Performance (TopFuel 2016) (USB Flash Drive), p.53 - 62, 2016/09
軽水炉用改良型燃料について、現行の安全基準の妥当性及び安全余裕を評価するため、また今後の規制のためのデータベースを提供するため、原子力機構ではALPS-IIと呼ばれる原子力規制庁からの委託事業を開始した。この事業は、商用PWR及びBWRで照射された高燃焼度改良型燃料を対象として、主として反応度投入事故及び冷却材喪失事故を模擬した試験から構成されている。最近、高燃焼度改良型燃料のRIA時破損限界がNSRRにて調べられ、パルス照射試験後の燃料を対象とした照射後試験が行われている。LCOA模擬試験に関しては、インテグラル熱衝撃試験及び高温酸化試験が燃料試験施設で行われ、高燃焼度改良型燃料被覆管の破断限界、高温酸化速度等が調べられた。本論文では、この事業で取得された最近のRIA及びLOCA模擬試験結果について主に述べる。
谷口 良徳; 宇田川 豊; 天谷 政樹
Proceedings of Annual Topical Meeting on LWR Fuels with Enhanced Safety and Performance (TopFuel 2016) (USB Flash Drive), p.229 - 238, 2016/09
In the current Japanese regulation concerning fuel safety, the criterion of fuel failure due to pellet-cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI) in a burnup range of 25-40 GWd/t is determined substantially based on the result of SPERT-CDC test 859 (SPERT859). In this study, the oxide thickness of the cladding formed on the cladding outer surface of SPERT859 test rod and its fuel enthalpy at failure due to PCMI under this corrosion condition were analyzed by using fuel performance codes FEMAXI-7 and RANNS. These results of FEMAXI-7 and RANNS showed that the cladding of the test rod had excessive corrosion and suggested that the fuel enthalpy at failure of SPERT859 was affected by the excessive corrosion on the cladding of the test rod and was likely lower than that of the typical fuel for light water reactors.
谷口 良徳; 宇田川 豊; 天谷 政樹
no journal, ,
反応度投入事象に係る評価指針の根拠の一つとなったSPERT-CDC 859実験に関して、試験燃料棒の破損挙動に対する腐食の影響を調べるため、燃料挙動解析コードFEMAXI-7及びRANNSを用いて解析した。この解析の結果、同実験の試験燃料棒には予備照射時に、軽水炉の通常運転時の燃料棒と比べ非常に大きな腐食が生じており、この腐食が燃料の破損時エンタルピに影響していることが示唆された。
谷口 良徳
no journal, ,
In the current Japanese regulation concerning fuel safety, a part of Japanese PCMI failure criteria was determined based on the result of SPERT-CDC test 859 (SPERT859). In this study, the corrosion formed on the cladding outer surface of SPERT859 test rod and the fuel enthalpy increase at PCMI failure of the test rod under the corrosion condition were estimated by using fuel performance codes FEMAXI-7 and RANNS. The result of FEMAXI-7 indicated that the cladding of the test rod had probably excessive corrosion in consideration of the effect of pellet swelling. The result of RANNS suggested that the fuel enthalpy at failure of SPERT859 was affected by the excessive corrosion on the cladding of the test rod.
谷口 良徳
no journal, ,
反応度投入事象に係る評価指針の根拠の一つとなったSPERT-CDC 859実験(SPERT859実験)と破損時エンタルピは異なるが照射条件が同様であり定量的な実験データの報告が多いSPERT-CDC 756実験(SPERT756実験)について、試験燃料棒の破損挙動に対する被覆管腐食の影響を燃料挙動解析コードFEMAXI-7及びRANNSを用いて解析した。この結果、SPERT756実験の試験燃料被覆管には通常の商用炉燃料に比べ非常に大きな腐食が生じていたこと、同等の被覆管腐食が生じていたと考えられるSPERT859実験の破損時エンタルピが低くなった原因は予備照射中に被覆管に吸収された水素吸収量の高さにあることが示唆された。
谷口 良徳
no journal, ,
欧州で高燃焼度まで照射されたM5被覆MOX燃料について、反応度事故(RIA)時における安全評価に必要なデータ及び知見を取得するため、NSRRを用いたRIA模擬実験(CN-1実験)を実施した。実験後の燃料棒の外観、過去報告されているVVER燃料のRIA時破損形態の特徴等から、CN-1実験に供した試験燃料棒は燃料ペレット-被覆管相互作用(PCMI)破損よりも高温時の破損形態である膨れ破損であることが示唆された。PCMI破損を示さなかった原因の一つとして、通常運転中のM5被覆管の腐食量が少ないことが考えられた。
谷口 良徳; 宇田川 豊; 村松 靖之; 蛭田 健太; 天谷 政樹
no journal, ,
燃焼度64GWd/tのM5被覆MOX燃料を対象とした反応度事故模擬実験を原子炉安全性研究炉で実施した。その結果、同実験に供した実験燃料棒の破損形態は、これまで高燃焼度軽水炉燃料で見られたPCMI破損とは異なる高温破裂型であった可能性が大きい。
谷口 良徳
no journal, ,
欧州で高燃焼度まで照射されたMOX燃料について、反応度事故(RIA)時における安全評価に必要なデータ及び知見を取得するため、NSRRを用いたRIA模擬実験(CN-1実験)の照射後試験及び燃料挙動解析コードRANNSを用いた燃料挙動解析を実施した。実験後の外観観察及びX線撮影から本燃料棒に膨れ破損が生じたことが示唆され、FPガス放出に起因した燃料棒内外圧差による被覆管の膨れの兆候が観察された。X線撮影及びRANNSから評価された被覆管ひずみ量を比較することにより本燃料棒の破損時刻が推定され、本燃料棒はピーク燃料エンタルピ到達後に破損した可能性が高いことがわかった。
