Sodium diffusion in hard carbon studied by small- and wide-angle neutron scattering and muon spin relaxation

大石 一城*; 五十嵐 大輔*; 多々良 涼一*; 河村 幸彦*; 廣井 孝介; 鈴木 淳市*; 梅垣 いづみ*; 西村 昇一郎*; 幸田 章宏*; 駒場 慎一*; et al.

Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 2462, p.012048_1 - 012048_5, 2023/03

https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2462/1/012048

Hard carbon is the most common anode material for Na-ion battery. The structure of the hard carbon and the dynamics of Na-ion in hard carbon were studied with small- and wide- angle neutron scattering and muon spin relaxation technique. The neutron scattering revealed the increase of interlayer distance between graphenes and decrease of the size of nanopores with increasing sodium intercalation in hard carbon. The muon spin relaxation revealed that a systematic increase in the field fluctuation rate with increasing temperature evidenced a thermally activated sodium diffusion. Assuming the two-dimensional diffusion of Na-ion in the graphene layers, the self-diffusion coefficient of Na-ion was estimated to be 2.610 cm/s at 310 K, with a thermal activation energy of 39(7) meV.

Magnetization process of cubic FeO submicron particles studied by polarized small-angle neutron scattering

野村 英志*; 千葉 桃子*; 松尾 咲琴*; 野田 千晶*; 小林 悟*; Manjanna, J.*; 河村 幸彦*; 大石 一城*; 廣井 孝介; 鈴木 淳市*

AIP Advances (Internet), 12(3), p.035034_1 - 035034_5, 2022/03

https://doi.org/10.1063/9.0000318

We report results of polarized small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments at T = 10 K and 300 K for cubic FeO submicron- sized particles, where formation of a complex spin vortex is expected. Magnetic SANS intensities of magnetization components in the direction perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field were observed to change significantly at around the coercivity. Magnetization components parallel to the field minimizes around the coercivity both at T = 10 K and 300 K, whereas those perpendicular to the magnetic field maximizes near the coercivity and the maximum value differ greatly, depending on the temperature. Based on results of micromagnetic simulations, the observed SANS intensities were interpreted as due to magnetic structural changes from a flower to a spin vortex state and gradual tilting of a vortex core from the external field to magnetocrystalline anisotropy axes at low fields.

Polarization analysis for small-angle neutron scattering with a He spin filter at a pulsed neutron source

奥平 琢也; 上田 祐生; 廣井 孝介; 元川 竜平; 稲村 泰弘; 高田 慎一; 奥 隆之; 鈴木 淳市*; 高橋 慎吾*; 遠藤 仁*; et al.

Journal of Applied Crystallography, 54(2), p.548 - 556, 2021/04

https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576721001643

Heスピンフィルタを中性子スピン解析子として使用することにより、パルス中性子源での中性子小角散乱実験において、偏極解析を行うことに成功した。本実験に使用したHeスピンフィルタは中性子小角散乱実験を行うために十分な立体角をカバーすることができ、He偏極緩和時間も数日と長く、これは実験を完遂するために十分な性能である。水素原子による非干渉性散乱は非常に大きく、試料の組成から計算によって非干渉性散乱量を見積もる試みが行われていたが、正確に非干渉性散乱量を決定することは難しかった。しかし本研究では試料内での中性子の多重散乱を考慮した偏極解析実験を行うことで、干渉性散乱と非干渉性散乱を正確に分離することが可能となった。現在までパルス中性子源での中性子小角散乱では、偏極解析の手法が確立されていなかったが、本成果によって、様々な種類の試料に対して干渉性散乱と非干渉性散乱を正確に分離することができるようになると予想される。

Development of spin-contrast-variation neutron reflectometry

熊田 高之; 阿久津 和宏*; 大石 一城*; 森川 利明*; 河村 幸彦*; 佐原 雅恵*; 鈴木 淳市*; 三浦 大輔*; 鳥飼 直也*

J-PARC 20-02; J-PARC MLF Annual Report 2019, p.38 - 40, 2021/00

https://j-parc.jp/researcher/MatLife/ja/publication/files/MLF-AR_2019.pdf

Neutron reflectivity (NR) is used to determine the nanostructure of surfaces and interfaces of thin film samples. NR has an ad-vantage over X-ray reflectivity for measuring deeply-buried interface of materials. However, it is difficult to determine the structure of complex multiple surface and interfaces of the thin film from a single reflectivity curve. To overcome the problem, we developed a new technique called spin-contrast-variation neutron reflectometry (SCV-NR), which utilizes the property that coherent polarized-neutron scattering length of a proton remarkably varies as a function of the proton polarization, PH, against the neutron polarization direction. As PH increases, the scattering length density (SLD) of each layer proportionally increases with the number density of protons, resulting in the variation of NR curves. The structure of multiple surface and interfaces of a thin film can be determined from the multiple curves.

Development and application of a He neutron spin filter at J-PARC

奥平 琢也; 奥 隆之; 猪野 隆*; 林田 洋寿*; 吉良 弘*; 酒井 健二; 廣井 孝介; 高橋 慎吾*; 相澤 一也; 遠藤 仁*; et al.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 977, p.164301_1 - 164301_8, 2020/10

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.164301

We are developing a neutron polarizer with polarized He gas, referred to as a He spin filter, based on the Spin Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP) for polarized neutron scattering experiments at Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). A He gas-filling station was constructed at J-PARC, and several He cells with long spin relaxation times have been fabricated using the gas-filling station. A laboratory has been prepared in the MLF beam hall for polarizing He cells, and compact pumping systems with laser powers of 30 W and 110 W, which can be installed onto a neutron beamline, have been developed. A He polarization of 85% was achieved at a neutron beamline by using the pumping system with the 110 W laser. Recently, the first user experiment utilizing the He spin filter was conducted, and there have been several more since then. The development and utilization of He spin filters at MLF of J-PARC are reported.

Neutron scattering studies on short- and long-range layer structures and related dynamics in imidazolium-based ionic liquids

根本 文也*; 古府 麻衣子; 長尾 道弘*; 大石 一城*; 高田 慎一; 鈴木 淳市*; 山田 武*; 柴田 薫; 上木 岳士*; 北沢 侑造*; et al.

Journal of Chemical Physics, 149(5), p.054502_1 - 054502_11, 2018/08

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5037217

Alkyl-methyl-imidazolium ionic liquids CmimX (: alkyl-carbon number, X: anion) have short-range layer structures consisting of ionic and neutral (alkylchain) domains. To investigate the temperature dependences of the interlayer, interionic group, and inter-alkylchain correlations, we have measured the neutron diffraction (ND) of CmimPF ( = 16, 9.5, 8). The quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) of C16mimPF was also measured to study the dynamics of each correlation. C16mimPF shows a first-order transition between the liquid (L) and liquid crystalline (LC) phases at = 394 K. C8mimPF exhibits a glass transition at = 200 K. C9.5mimPF has both transitions at = 225 K and = 203 K. In the ND experiments, all samples exhibit three peaks corresponding to the correlations mentioned above. The widths of the interlayer peak at ca. 0.2 changed drastically at the L-LC transitions, while the interionic peaks at ca. 1 exhibited a small jump at . The peak position and area of the three peaks did not change much at the transition. The structural changes were minimal at . The QENS experiments demonstrated that the relaxation time of the interlayer motion increased tenfold at , while those of other motions were monotonous in the whole temperature region. The structural and dynamical changes are characteristic of the L-LC transition in imidazolium-based ionic liquids.

Energy-resolved small-angle neutron scattering from steel

大場 洋次郎*; 諸岡 聡; 大石 一城*; 鈴木 淳市*; 高田 慎一; 佐藤 信浩*; 井上 倫太郎*; 土山 聡宏*; Gilbert, E. P.*; 杉山 正明*

Journal of Applied Crystallography, 50(2), p.334 - 339, 2017/04

https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576717000279

Recent progress of pulsed neutron sources has enabled energy-resolved analysis of neutron attenuation spectra, which include information on neutron scattering. In this study, a new analysis technique for small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is demonstrated. A clear difference is observed in the neutron attenuation spectra between steels with different nanostructures; this difference can be understood as arising from attenuation due to SANS. The neutron attenuation spectra, calculated from the corresponding SANS profiles, agree well with the experimentally observed attenuation spectra. This result indicates that measurement of neutron attenuation spectra may enable the development of a novel experimental technique, i.e. energy-resolved SANS (ESANS).

Contrast variation by dynamic nuclear polarization and time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering, 1; Application to industrial multi-component nanocomposites

能田 洋平*; 小泉 智*; 増井 友美*; 間下 亮*; 岸本 浩通*; 山口 大輔; 熊田 高之; 高田 慎一; 大石 一城*; 鈴木 淳市*

Journal of Applied Crystallography, 49(6), p.2036 - 2045, 2016/12

https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576716016472

We have reported the first attempt with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on model mixtures for industrial tyres conducted at the MLF of J-PARC. We performed time-of-flight SANS (TOF-SANS) experiments, employing neutrons with a wide range, which causes imperfect neutron polarization and variations in the coherent and incoherent scattering lengths. By carefully eliminating the effect of imperfect neutron polarization, separation of the partial scattering functions was successfully demonstrated for the ternary system styrene-butadiene-rubber/silica/carbon.

Proceedings of the 21st Meeting of the International Collaboration on Advanced Neutron Sources (ICANS-XXI); Sep. 29 - Oct.3, 2014, Ibaraki Prefectural Center, Mito, Japan

奥 隆之; 中村 充孝; 酒井 健二; 勅使河原 誠; 達本 衡輝*; 米村 雅雄*; 鈴木 淳市*; 新井 正敏*

JAEA-Conf 2015-002, 660 Pages, 2016/02

JAEA-Conf-2015-002.pdf:168.34MB

第21回「先端的中性子源に関する国際協力」会議(ICANS-XXI)が2014年9月29日から10月3日に、茨城県立県民文化センター(水戸市)において開催された。この会議は日本原子力研究開発機構, 高エネルギー加速器研究機構, 総合科学研究機構により共催されたものである。会議では、大強度パルス中性子源を用いた新時代のサイエンスや応用研究の展開について、ワークショップ形式のセッションを主体として、ハードウェアからソフトウェア、そして放射線安全に至るまで、"インターフェイス"をキーワードに、さまざまな課題に関する活発な討論がなされた。本報文集はそれら72件の論文をまとめたものである。

J-PARCにおけるパルス中性子ビームの利用と展望,3; 高圧の科学と表面・界面の構造解析

服部 高典; 阿久津 和宏*; 鈴木 淳市*

ぶんせき, 2015(2), p.58 - 64, 2015/02

http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40020360800

J-PARCのMLFでは、現在、18本の中性子ビームラインに実験装置が設置され、世界最高強度のパルス中性子ビームを用いた物質科学、生命科学、材料科学、素粒子科学、原子核科学等の学術研究や産業利用が行われている。本稿では、超高圧中性子回折装置「PLANET」および試料垂直型偏極中性子反射率計「写楽」の特徴に触れながら高圧の科学と表面・界面の構造解析について説明する。