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論文

Status and perspectives of the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN

Chiaveri, E.*; Aberle, O.*; Alcayne, V.*; 木村 敦; 他124名*

EPJ Web of Conferences, 239, p.17001_1 - 17001_8, 2020/09

 被引用回数:3 パーセンタイル:95.51

Since the start of its operation in 2001, the neutron time of-flight facility of CERN, n_TOF, has become one of the most forefront neutron facilities in the world for wide-energy spectrum neutron cross section measurements. Thanks to the combination of excellent neutron energy resolution and high instantaneous neutron flux available in the two experimental areas, the second of which has been constructed in 2014, n_TOF is providing a wealth of new data on neutron-induced reactions of interest for nuclear astrophysics, advanced nuclear technologies and medical applications. In this document the main characteristics of the n_TOF facility and their relevance for neutron studies in the different areas of research will be outlined. In addition, the future perspectives of the facility will be described including the upgrade of the spallation target, the setup of an imaging installation and the construction of a new irradiation area.

論文

Monte Carlo simulations and n-p differential scattering data measured with Proton Recoil Telescopes

Terranova, N.*; Aberle, O.*; Alcayne, V.*; 木村 敦; 他125名*

EPJ Web of Conferences, 239, p.01024_1 - 01024_5, 2020/09

 被引用回数:3 パーセンタイル:95.51

The $$^{235}$$U(n,f) cross section from 20 MeV up to about 1 GeV has been measured relative to the $$^1$$H(n,n)$$^1$$H reaction. The neutron flux impinging on the $$^{235}$$U sample has been obtained by detecting recoil protons originating from n-p scattering in a C$$_2$$H$$_4$$ sample. Two Proton Recoil Telescopes (PRT), consisting of several layers of solid-state detectors and fast plastic scintillators, have been set at proton scattering angles of 25.07$$^{circ}$$ and 20.32$$^{circ}$$. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations were performed to characterize proton transport through the PRTs. In this work we compare measured data collected with the PRTs with a full Monte Carlo simulation based on the Geant-4 toolkit.

論文

Setup for the measurement of the $$^{235}$$U(n, f) cross section relative to n-p scattering up to 1 GeV

Manna, A.*; Aberle, O.*; Alcayne, V.*; 木村 敦; 他125名*

EPJ Web of Conferences, 239, p.01008_1 - 01008_5, 2020/09

 被引用回数:3 パーセンタイル:95.51

The neutron induced fission of $$^{235}$$U is extensively used as a reference for neutron fluence measurements in various applications. However, no data exist on neutron induced fission of $$^{235}$$U above 200 MeV. The neutron facility n_TOF offers the possibility to improve the situation. The measurement of $$^{235}$$U(n,f) relative to the differential n-p scattering cross-section, was carried out with the aim of providing accurate and precise cross section data in the energy range from 10 MeV up to 1 GeV. In this measurements, recoil proton telescopes are used to measure the neutron flux while the fission events are detected and counted with dedicated detectors. In this paper the measurement campaign and the experimental set-up are illustrated.

論文

Probing the quantum phase transition in Mott insulator BaCoS$$_{2}$$ tuned by pressure and Ni substitution

Guguchia, Z.*; Frandsen, B. A.*; Santos-Cottin, D.*; 社本 真一; Gauzzi, A.*; 植村 泰朋*; 他12名*

Physical Review Materials (Internet), 3(4), p.045001_1 - 045001_9, 2019/04

 被引用回数:6 パーセンタイル:27.49(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

$$mu$$SRを用いて、BaCoS$$_{2}$$を圧力とNi置換でモット転移を調整し、量子相転移の様子を調べた。その結果、ゼロ温度で両方の量子相転移が一次転移であることがわかった。

論文

Creation of quark-gluon plasma droplets with three distinct geometries

Aidala, C.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他312名*

Nature Physics, 15(3), p.214 - 220, 2019/03

 被引用回数:142 パーセンタイル:99.06(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Experimental studies of the collisions of heavy nuclei at relativistic energies have established the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of hot, dense nuclear matter in which quarks and gluons are not bound into hadrons. In this state, matter behaves as a nearly inviscid fluid that efficiently translates initial spatial anisotropies into correlated momentum anisotropies among the particles produced, creating a common velocity field pattern known as collective flow. In recent years, comparable momentum anisotropies have been measured in small-system proton-proton and proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions, despite expectations that the volume and lifetime of the medium produced would be too small to form a QGP. Here we report on the observation of elliptic and triangular flow patterns of charged particles produced in proton-gold (p+Au), deuteron-gold (d+Au) and helium-gold ($$^{3}$$He+Au) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy $$sqrt{s_{{mathrm{NN}}}}$$ = 200 GeV. The unique combination of three distinct initial geometries and two flow patterns provides unprecedented model discrimination. Hydrodynamical models, which include the formation of a short-lived QGP droplet, provide the best simultaneous description of these measurements.

論文

Measurement of $$^{73}$$Ge(n,$$gamma$$) cross sections and implications for stellar nucleosynthesis

Lederer-Woods, C.*; Battino, U.*; Ferreira, P.*; Gawlik, A.*; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他128名*

Physics Letters B, 790, p.458 - 465, 2019/03

 被引用回数:10 パーセンタイル:77.66(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

$$^{73}Ge(n,gamma)$$ cross sections were measured at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN up to neutron energies of 300 keV, providing for the first time experimental data above 8 keV. Results indicate that the stellar cross section at $$kT$$ =30 keV is 1.5 to 1.7 times higher than most theoretical predictions. The new cross sections result in a substantial decrease of $$^{73}$$Ge produced in stars, which would explain the low isotopic abundance of $$^{73}$$Ge in the solar system.

論文

Charge identification of low-energy particles for double-strangeness nuclei in nuclear emulsion

金原 慎二*; 江川 弘行; 早川 修平; 吉田 純也; 他12名*

Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (Internet), 2019(1), p.011H01_1 - 011H01_9, 2019/01

 被引用回数:3 パーセンタイル:37.12(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

ダブルハイパー核の崩壊から放出された核種を識別してその親核種を同定するため、電荷1から5までの核種を識別する技術を開発した。この方法は基本的には原子核乾板中の飛跡体積を測定するもので、その太さ、乾板の表面からの深さ、角度を、$$^{1}$$H, $$^{4}$$He, $$^{7}$$Li, $$^{9}$$Be, $$^{11}$$Bについて理研RIBFで照射したサンプルについて評価した。$$alpha$$線を用いた較正ののち、$$alpha$$線飛跡との体積比を用いて5種類の電荷を識別する二次関数の関係式を得た。この手法を、過去に検出された複数解釈のあるグザイハイパー核候補について、その識別に用いた。その結果、シングルラムダハイパー核の崩壊の娘粒子の一つを、尤度比0.9で$$^{6}$$Heと識別した。そして、この事象は$$Xi$$$$^{-}$$ + $$^{14}$$N $$rightarrow$$ $$_{Lambda}$$$$^{9}$$Be + $$_{Lambda}$$$$^{5}$$He + $$n$$と一意に同定された。

論文

Experimental setup and procedure for the measurement of the $$^7$$Be(n,p)$$^7$$Li reaction at n_TOF

Barbagallo, M.*; Andrzejewski, J.*; Mastromarco, M.*; Perkowski, J.*; Damone, L. A.*; Gawlik, A.*; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他122名*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 887, p.27 - 33, 2018/04

 被引用回数:13 パーセンタイル:80.12(Instruments & Instrumentation)

Following the completion of the second neutron beam line and the related experimental area (EAR2) at the n_TOF spallation neutron source at CERN, several experiments were planned and performed. The high instantaneous neutron flux available in EAR2 allows to investigate neutron induced reactions with charged particles in the exit channel even employing targets made out of small amounts of short-lived radioactive isotopes. After the successful measurement of the $$^7$$Be(n,$$alpha$$)cross section, the $$^7$$Be(n,p)$$^7$$Li reaction was studied in order to provide still missing cross section data of relevance for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), in an attempt to find a solution to the cosmological Lithium abundance problem. This paper describes the experimental setup employed in such a measurement and its characterization.

論文

Radiative neutron capture on $$^{242}$$Pu in the resonance region at the CERN n_TOF-EAR1 facility

Lerendegui-Marco, J.*; Guerrero, C.*; Mendoza, E.*; Quesada, J. M.*; Eberhardt, K.*; Junghans, A. R.*; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他126名*

Physical Review C, 97(2), p.024605_1 - 024605_21, 2018/02

 被引用回数:17 パーセンタイル:84.76(Physics, Nuclear)

This paper presents a new time-of-flight capture measurement on $$^{242}$$Pu carried out at n_TOF-EAR1(CERN), focusing on the analysis and statistical properties of the resonance region, below 4 keV. The $$^{242}$$Pu(n,$$gamma$$)reaction on a sample containing 95(4) mg enriched to 99.959% was measured with an array of four C$$_6$$D$$_6$$ detectors and applying the total energy detection technique. The high neutron energy resolution of n_TOF-EAR1 and the good statistics accumulated have allowed us to extend the resonance analysis up to 4 keV, obtaining new individual and average resonance parameters from a capture cross section featuring a systematic uncertainty of 5%, fulfilling the request of the NEA.

論文

The $$^{33}$$S(n, $$alpha$$)$$^{30}$$Si cross section measurement at n_TOF-EAR2 (CERN); From 0.01 eV to the resonance region

Sabat$'e$-Gilarte, M.*; Praena, J.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他126名*

EPJ Web of Conferences, 146, p.08004_1 - 08004_4, 2017/09

 被引用回数:2 パーセンタイル:86.61

CERNのn_TOF第2実験室において、$$^{10}$$B(n,$$alpha$$)を標準断面積として用い、$$^{33}$$S(n, $$alpha$$)$$^{30}$$Si反応断面積を測定した。本実験室では初めてとなる0.01eVから100keVまでの実験データを取得し、本データより0.01eVから10keVまでの中性子断面積を導出した。本反応は、$$^{10}$$B(n, $$alpha$$)反応とともに放射線療法への利用が期待されているが、従来報告された断面積値間には大きな差異がある。本研究により導出した断面積は、信頼性ある断面積評価に反映されることが期待される。

論文

Measurement of the $$^{240}$$Pu(n,f) cross-section at the CERN n_TOF facility; First results from experimental area II (EAR-2)

Stamatopoulos, A.*; Tsinganis, A.*; Colonna, N.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他126名*

EPJ Web of Conferences, 146, p.04030_1 - 04030_4, 2017/09

 被引用回数:6 パーセンタイル:95.25

The accurate knowledge of the neutron-induced fission cross-sections of actinides and other isotopes involved in the nuclear fuel cycle is essential for the design of advanced nuclear systems, such as Generation-IV nuclear reactors. Such experimental data can also provide the necessary feedback for the adjustment of nuclear model parameters used in the evaluation process, resulting in the further development of nuclear fission models. In the present work, the $$^{240}$$Pu(n,f) cross-section was measured at CERN n_TOF facility relative to the well-known $$^{235}$$U(n,f) cross section, over a wide range of neutron energies, from meV to almost MeV, using the time-of-flight technique and a set-up based on Micromegas detectors. This measurement was the first experiment to be performed at n_TOF new experimental area (EAR-2), which offers a significantly higher neutron flux compared to the already existing experimental area (EAR-1).Preliminary results as well as the experimental procedure, including a description of the facility and the data handling and analysis, are presented.

論文

$$^7$$Be(n,$$alpha$$) and $$^7$$Be(n,p) cross-section measurement for the cosmological lithium problem at the n_TOF facility at CERN

Barbagallo, M.*; Colonna, N.*; Aberle, O.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他125名*

EPJ Web of Conferences, 146, p.01012_1 - 01012_4, 2017/09

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:61.28

The Cosmological Lithium Problem refers to the large discrepancy between the abundance of primordial $$^7$$Li predicted by the standard theory of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the value inferred from the so-called "Spite plateau" in halo stars. A possible explanation for this longstanding puzzle in Nuclear Astrophysics is related to the incorrect estimation of the destruction rate of $$^7$$Be, which is responsible for the production of 95% of primordial Lithium. While charged-particle induced reactions have mostly been ruled out, data on the $$^7$$Be(n,$$alpha$$) and $$^7$$Be(n,p) reactions are scarce or completely missing, so that a large uncertainty still affects the abundance of $$^7$$Li predicted by the standard theory of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Both reactions have been measured at the n_TOF facility at CERN, providing for the first time data in a wide neutron energy range.

論文

$$^{7}$$Be($$n, alpha)^{4}$$He reaction and the cosmological lithium problem; Measurement of the cross section in a wide energy range at n_TOF at CERN

Barbagallo, M.*; Musumarra, A.*; Cosentino, L.*; Maugeri, E.*; Heinitz, S.*; Mengoni, A.*; Dressler, R.*; Schumann, D.*; K$"a$ppeler, F.*; 原田 秀郎; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 117(15), p.152701_1 - 152701_7, 2016/10

 被引用回数:72 パーセンタイル:94.68(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

The energy-dependent cross section of the $$^{7}$$Be($$n, alpha)^{4}$$He reaction, of interest for the so-called cosmological lithium problem in big bang nucleosynthesis, has been measured for the first time from 10 meV to 10 keV neutron energy. Coincidences between the two alpha particles have been recorded in two Si-$$^{7}$$Be-Si arrays placed directly in the neutron beam. The present results are consistent, at thermal neutron energy, with the only previous measurement performed in the 1960s at a nuclear reactor. The energy dependence reported here clearly indicates the inadequacy of the cross section estimates currently used in BBN calculations. Although new measurements at higher neutron energy may still be needed, the n_TOF results hint at a minor role of this reaction in BBN, leaving the long-standing cosmological lithium problem unsolved.

論文

Experimental setup and procedure for the measurement of the $$^{7}$$Be(n, $$alpha$$)$$alpha$$ reaction at n_TOF

Cosentino, L.*; Musumarra, A.*; Barbagallo, M.*; Pappalardo, A.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他126名*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 830, p.197 - 205, 2016/09

 被引用回数:17 パーセンタイル:85.95(Instruments & Instrumentation)

The newly built second experimental area EAR2 of the n_TOF spallation neutron source at CERN allows to perform (n, charged particles) experiments on short-lived highly radioactive targets. This paper describes a detection apparatus and the experimental procedure for the determination of the cross-section of the $$^{7}$$ Be(n, $$alpha$$) reaction, which represents one of the focal points toward the solution of the cosmological Lithium abundance problem, and whose only measurement, at thermal energy, dates back to 1963. This newly developed setup could likely be useful also to study other challenging reactions requiring the detectors to be installed directly in the neutron beam.

論文

The New vertical neutron beam line at the CERN n_TOF facility design and outlook on the performance

Wei${ss}$, C.*; Chiaveri, E.*; Girod, S.*; Vlachoudis, V.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他126名*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 799, p.90 - 98, 2015/11

 被引用回数:66 パーセンタイル:99.04(Instruments & Instrumentation)

At the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN a new vertical beam line was constructed in 2014, in order to extend the experimental possibilities at this facility to an even wider range of challenging cross-section measurements of interest in astrophysics, nuclear technology and medical physics. The design of the beamline and the experimental hall was based on FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations, aiming at maximizing the neutron flux, reducing the beam halo and minimizing the background from neutrons interacting with the collimator or back-scattered in the beam dump. The present paper gives an overview on the design of the beam line and the relevant elements and provides an outlook on the expected performance regarding the neutron beam intensity, shape and energy resolution, as well as the neutron and photon backgrounds.

論文

Development of single-sided silicon detectors in the emulsion-hybrid system at J-PARC

Lee, J. Y.*; 江川 弘行; 長谷川 勝一; 早川 修平; 細見 健二; 今井 憲一; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 杉村 仁志; 谷田 聖; et al.

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 8, p.021008_1 - 021008_6, 2015/09

A new single-sided silicon micro-strip detector (SSD) is being developed at the J-PARC K1.8 beam line for an emulsion-counter hybrid experiment (J-PARC E07). The SSD will be mainly used for vertex measurements in emulsion plates. Two prototypes of SSD have been fabricated to check the performance of the circuit board and silicon sensors. The first prototype consists of only one layer of a silicon sensor whereas the second prototype consists of two layers of silicon sensors. The final product will be a stack of 4 layers of silicon sensors in the order of $$X$$-$$Y$$-$$X$$-$$Y$$. The first and second prototypes of SSD have been tested and the final product will be fabricated based on the test result.

論文

Development of a CW Electron Linac Structure Using a Traveling-Wave Resonant Ring

遠山 伸一; 江本 隆; 姫野 嘉昭; 平野 耕一郎; 小無 健司; 尾下 博教; 笹尾 信之; 高橋 伸友; 中山 元林; 他12名*

Proceedings of 3rd European Particle Accelerator Conference (EPAC '92), p.533 - 535, 1992/04

09-1991-0254.pdf:0.46MB

大洗工学センターでは,核変換技術開発の一環として、10MeV100mAのLバンドCW電子線形加速器の開発を行っている。現在までクライストロンの試作及び大電力試験、環流型加速管の低電力試験を行った。それによれば、クライストロンからのマイクロ波はCW出力で330kW、20%デューティ出力で780kWが得られており、加速管中のマイクロ波増幅率は凡そ3である。本発表では、加速器の概要とともに、上記の試験結果について述べる。

報告書

再処理施設周辺環境放射線監視年報 1988年(1月$$sim$$12月)

石田 順一郎; 片桐 裕実*; 林 直美*; 成田 脩; 他12名*

PNC TN8440 89-004, 163 Pages, 1989/02

PNC-TN8440-89-004.pdf:5.69MB

東海事業所では,「動力炉・核燃料開発事業団東海事業所再処理施設保安規定,第6編環境監視」に従い,再処理施設の周辺地域において環境放射線(能)モニタリングを実施している。本報告書は1988年1月から12月までの間に実施した環境監視の結果をまとめたものであり,放出記録に基づく周辺公衆の被ばく線量の算定結果についても合わせて収録した。 また,付録として,環境監視計画の概要,・測定方法の概要,測定結果及びその経時変化,気象統計結果,放射性廃棄物の放出状況,被ばく線量算定結果の詳細等を収録した。

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