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Katata, Genki; Kajino, Mizuo*; Hiraki, Takatoshi*; Aikawa, Masahide*; Kobayashi, Tomiki*; Nagai, Haruyasu
Journal of Geophysical Research, 116(D20), p.D20102_1 - D20102_14, 2011/10
Times Cited Count:29 Percentile:59.48(Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences)To apply the meteorological model to investigate fog occurrence, acidification, and deposition in mountain forests, the meteorological model WRF was modified to calculate the fog deposition by the simple linear function of fog deposition onto vegetation. The modified version of WRF that includes fog deposition (fog-WRF) was tested in a mountain forest of Mt. Rokko in Japan. The fog-WRF provided a clearly better prediction of liquid water content of fog (LWC) than the original version of WRF. The fog-WRF successfully simulated measured throughfall observations due to fog deposition inside the forest. Using the linear relationship between fog deposition and the altitude given by the fog-WRF calculations and the data from throughfall observations at the certain altitude, vertical distribution of fog deposition can be roughly estimated in mountain forest. The meteorological model that includes the fog deposition is useful for mapping the fog deposition in mountain cloud forests.
Katata, Genki; Kajino, Mizuo*; Hiraki, Takatoshi*; Aikawa, Masahide*; Kobayashi, Tomiki*
no journal, ,
Water and matter deposition via fog precipitation onto the ceder trees was investigated using the models of three-dimensional mesoscale model (WRF), aerosol transport model (EMTACS), and land surface model including fog deposition on vegetation (SOLVEG). Simulations using WRF, EMTACS, and SOLVEG were independently carried out to produce meteorological variables, chemical compositions, and fog precipitation, respectively. Meteorological variables were overall reproduced by WRF. Fog precipitation estimation by SOLVEG using the output from WRF significantly underestimated throughfall measurements. It was considerable that "edge effect' enhanced fog precipitation in measurements in addition to fog deposition by turbulent vertical mixing of fog water. EMTACS resolved temporal evolutions in chemical compositions in fog water and size distribution of aerosols. WRF-SOLVEG-EMTACS system should be improved in future to assess matter deposition via fog precipitation.
Katata, Genki; Kajino, Mizuo*; Hiraki, Takatoshi*; Aikawa, Masahide*; Kobayashi, Tomiki*; Nagai, Haruyasu
no journal, ,
Water and matter input via fog deposition onto a mountainous forest (Mt. Rokko, Japan) was investigated using detailed land surface model that includes fog deposition onto vegetation (SOLVEG). Simulations using SOLVEG were carried out under meteorological and chemical fields produced by off-line coupled meso-scale meteorological/aerosol chemical transport model (WRF/EMTACS). The SOLVEG clearly underestimated the cumulative fog deposition calculated from throughfall data. This suggests that an enhancement of fog deposition by "edge effect" which is the phenomenon that fog droplets carried by horizontal advection are captured by leaves under canopy clustering and inhomogeneity. The deposition of atmospheric pollutants onto the forest floor due to fog deposition was estimated from the fog deposition by SOLVEG and chemical concentrations in fog water predicted by WRF/EMTACS.
Kajino, Mizuo*; Katata, Genki; Hiraki, Takatoshi*; Aikawa, Masahide*; Kobayashi, Tomiki*
no journal, ,
In order to predict water and matter deposition to forests, accurate estimation of chemical and physical properties of fog and aerosols are indispensable. We have developed a new aerosol chemical transport model (EMTACS) coupled with a meteorological model (WRF) and applied it to investigate uplift fog events occurred over a mountainous forest (Mt. Rokko, Japan). The EMTACS model is unique to dynamically solve temporal evolutions of mixing states of fog and aerosols, in addition to their chemical compositions and size distributions, and thus aerosol-fog interaction processes are considered in one coherent framework. The model performance was evaluated using meteorological and chemical observation data. Formation, evolution and acidification processes of fog and aerosols over the forest region were discussed.
Katata, Genki; Kajino, Mizuo*; Hiraki, Takatoshi*; Aikawa, Masahide*; Kobayashi, Tomiki*; Nagai, Haruyasu
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Kajino, Mizuo*; Katata, Genki; Hiraki, Takatoshi*; Aikawa, Masahide*; Kobayashi, Tomiki*; Ueda, Hiromasa*
no journal, ,
We numerically evaluated depositional pathways of major air pollutants such as SO, NH, NO, Cl, and Na over mountain forest areas in Mt. Rokko in July 1999. A modified WRF model including fog deposition (fog-WRF) and Regional Air Quality Model 2 (RAQM2) was used for simulations. To show the consistency of the model performance, the measured chemical components in fog water were compared with the modeled concentrations. During the simulation period, the persistent southerly wind carried humid air from the Osaka Bay to Mt. Rokko and caused condensation along mountain ridges higher than 400 m in altitude during nights. Simulation results showed that fog deposition was dominant for all depositional components, while dry deposition of nitrate was large due to the high deposition velocity of HNO gas.
Katata, Genki; Yamaguchi, Takashi*; Horie, Yosuke*; Hiraki, Takatoshi*; Kobayashi, Tomiki*; Aikawa, Masahide*
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Katata, Genki; Yamaguchi, Takashi*; Horie, Yosuke*; Kobayashi, Tomiki*; Aikawa, Masahide*; Hiraki, Takatoshi*
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English