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Kawamura, Seiko; Takahashi, Ryuta*; Ishikado, Motoyuki*; Yamauchi, Yasuhiro*; Nakamura, Masatoshi*; Ouchi, Keiichi*; Kira, Hiroshi*; Kambara, Wataru*; Aoyama, Kazuhiro*; Sakaguchi, Yoshifumi*; et al.
Journal of Neutron Research, 21(1-2), p.17 - 22, 2019/05
The Cryogenics and Magnets group in the Sample Environment team is responsible for operation of cryostats and magnets for user's experiments at the MLF in J-PARC. We have introduced a top-loading 
He cryostat, a bottom-loading 
He cryostat, a dilution refrigerator insert and a superconducting magnet. The frequency of use of them dramatically becomes higher in these two years, as the beam power and the number of proposal increase. To respond such situation, we have made efforts to enhance performance of these equipment as follows. The He cryostat originally involves an operation software for automatic initial cooling down to the base temperature and automatic re-charge of He. Recently we made an additional program for automatic temperature control with only the sorb heater. Last year, a new outer vacuum chamber of the magnet with an oscillating radial collimator (ORC) was fabricated. The data quality was drastically improved by introducing this ORC so that the magnet can be used even for the inelastic neutron scattering experiments.
Kajimoto, Ryoichi; Nakamura, Mitsutaka; Inamura, Yasuhiro; Kamazawa, Kazuya*; Ikeuchi, Kazuhiko*; Iida, Kazuki*; Ishikado, Motoyuki*; Nakajima, Kenji; Kawamura, Seiko; Nakatani, Takeshi; et al.
JAEA-Conf 2015-002, p.319 - 329, 2016/02
Kado, Masataka; Kishimoto, Maki; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Keiko*; Aoyama, Masato*; Tone, Shigenobu*; Shinohara, Kunio*
AIP Conference Proceedings 1696, p.020019_1 - 020019_4, 2016/01
Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：85.61(Microscopy)Soft X-ray microscope is a very powerful tool to observe cellular organelles of living biological cells and many works have demonstrated imaging of inner structures of the cells. However the inner structures are very complicated and it is difficult to identify the organelles obtained with the soft X-ray microscopes. We have proposed a hybrid imaging method with a soft X-ray microscope and a fluorescence microscope that is to observe the same biological cells with the both microscopes at the same time. Using the information of the cellular organelles obtained with the fluorescence microscope, inner structures obtained with the soft X-ray microscope are accurately identified. We have observed living biological cells by the hybrid imaging method. Since the soft X-ray microscope has higher spatial resolution than that of the fluorescence microscope, fine structures of the cellular organelles in the living biological cells were discussed.
Kado, Masataka; Kishimoto, Maki; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Keiko*; Aoyama, Masato*; Shinohara, Kunio*
Proceedings of SPIE, Vol.8849, p.88490C_1 - 88490C_7, 2013/09
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：55.77(Optics)We have proposed to use a fluorescence microscope to identify the cellular organelles in the images obtained with the soft X-ray microscope observing the same cells with both microscopes. The cells were stained with several fluorescent dyes such as Mito-tracker, Phalloidin, and DAPI and after taking many fluorescence images of cellular organelles the cells were exposed to the flash soft X-rays. The obtained soft X-ray images and fluorescence images of the cells were directly compared and each of the cellular organelles such as mitochondria, actin filaments, and chromosomes in the soft X-ray images was clearly identified. Since the soft X-ray microscope has higher spatial resolution than that of the fluorescence microscope, fine structures of the cellular organelles in the hydrated biological cells were observed for the first time.
Iwamura, Takamichi; Okubo, Tsutomu; Akie, Hiroshi; Kugo, Teruhiko; Yonomoto, Taisuke; Kureta, Masatoshi; Ishikawa, Nobuyuki; Nagaya, Yasunobu; Araya, Fumimasa; Okajima, Shigeaki; et al.
JAERI-Research 2004-008, 383 Pages, 2004/06
JAERI-Research-2004-008.pdf:21.49MB
The present report contains the achievement of "Research and Development on Reduced-Moderation Light Water Reactor with Passive Safety Features", which was performed by Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), Hitachi Ltd., Japan Atomic Power Company and Tokyo Institute of Technology in FY2000-2002 as the innovative and viable nuclear energy technology (IVNET) development project operated by the Institute of Applied Energy (IAE). In the present project, the reduced-moderation water reactor (RMWR) has been developed to ensure sustainable energy supply and to solve the recent problems of nuclear power and nuclear fuel cycle, such as economical competitiveness, effective use of plutonium and reduction of spent fuel storage. The RMWR can attain the favorable characteristics such as high burnup, long operation cycle, multiple recycling of plutonium (Pu) and effective utilization of uranium resources based on accumulated LWR technologies.
Kado, Masataka; Kishimoto, Maki; Tone, Shigenobu*; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Keiko*; Aoyama, Masato*; Shinohara, Kunio*
no journal, ,
Laser plasma soft X-ray microscope using a laser plasma X-ray source has high spatial resolution of 100 nm and high temporal resolution of 1 nm and has advantage to be able to observe live hydrated biological cells. We have succeeded to observe cellular organelles such as mitochondria, cytoskeleton, and chromatin structures. We also invented to use a fluorescent microscope along with the soft X-ray microscope in order to identify cellular organelles obtained in the soft X-ray images. As the next application for the soft X-ray microscope Apoptotic nuclei have been observed. Since the laser plasma soft X-ray microscope has higher spatial resolution than the fluorescent microscope and can observe the structural change directory, it is expected to accomplish important role to understand apoptotic mechanism.
Kado, Masataka; Kishimoto, Maki; Tone, Shigenobu*; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Keiko*; Aoyama, Masato*; Shinohara, Kunio*
no journal, ,
Laser plasma soft X-ray microscope, which is a contact type soft X-ray microscope coupled with a highly intense and short pulsed laser plasma soft X-ray source, has higher spatial resolution better than 100 nm and high temporal resolution shorter than 1 nm and it is possible to observe inner structures of live biological cells. We have developed the laser plasma soft X-ray microscope and have applied for various life science phenomenons especially apoptotic cell nuclei. It has been observed with transmission electron microscope and fluorescence microscope that chromatin which was usually folded in nucleus was condensed along nucleus membrane and changed its shape to ring, necklace, and finally collapses when the apoptosis occurred. However there are many things to be studied in order to understand detailed mechanism caused such apoptotic deformation. We have studied detailed structural deformation from ring to necklace which is important to understand apoptosis.
Kado, Masataka; Kishimoto, Maki; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Keiko*; Aoyama, Masato*; Shinohara, Kunio*
no journal, ,
Laser plasma soft X-ray microscope, which is a combination of a laser plasma soft X-ray source and a contact type soft X-ray microscope, has been developed. Since the laser plasma soft X-ray sources have advantages of high brightness and short pulse duration, they can avoid radiation damage and motion blur affect on the images during acquisition of the soft X-ray images of live biological specimens. Hybrid microscopy, which was combination of a soft X-ray microscope and a fluorescence microscope, enabled the soft X-ray microscopy to identify cellular organelles precisely. Observing the Leydig cells, a single mitochondrion in the live biological cell was imaged for the first time and detailed structure of it was obtained.
Kado, Masataka; Kishimoto, Maki; Tone, Shigenobu*; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Keiko*; Aoyama, Masato*; Shinohara, Kunio*
no journal, ,
Laser plasma soft X-ray microscope (LPSXM) with high spatial and temporal resolution has been developed and it has an ability to observe live hydrated biological specimens. The LPSXM is very powerful tool to study life phenomenon and it has been used to study apoptosis. Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death to protect an organism by killing abnormal cells. The apoptotic process has been studied using light and electron microscopes and dynamics of nuclear deformation is being clear. However in order to fully understand the mechanism of the apoptosis, detailed structure of the deformed nuclei must be studied carefully. Observing the apoptotic nuclei fine structures of deformed nuclei were revealed and important information was provided to help understanding the mechanism of the apoptosis.
Kajimoto, Ryoichi; Nakamura, Mitsutaka; Inamura, Yasuhiro; Ikeuchi, Kazuhiko*; Iida, Kazuki*; Ishikado, Motoyuki*; Suzuki, Junichi*; Nakajima, Kenji; Kawamura, Seiko; Nakatani, Takeshi; et al.
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Kado, Masataka; Kishimoto, Maki; Ishino, Masahiko; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Keiko*; Aoyama, Masato*; Tone, Shigenobu*; Shinohara, Kunio*
no journal, ,
Laser-plasma soft X-ray source produced by a high power pulsed laser is extremely bright and very suitable for biological X-ray microscopy to capture an image of living specimens which require a single flash exposure to avoid any damages on the specimens. We have developed a bright soft X-ray source irradiating a highly intense laser pulse generated by a Nd:glass laser system onto a thin foiled gold target. The highest intensity was obtained at the thickness of 400 nm and the photon flux was measured to be about 1.3 
10
photon/sr. The photon flux on the specimens was estimated to be about 4.4 10
photons/
m
and it will give the spatial resolution of about 80 nm. The bright soft X-ray source was combined with a contact soft X-ray microscope and established as a laser plasma soft X-ray microscope. Live biological cells were observed with both of the soft X-ray microscope and a fluorescence microscope at the same time.
Kajimoto, Ryoichi; Nakamura, Mitsutaka; Inamura, Yasuhiro; Kamazawa, Kazuya*; Ikeuchi, Kazuhiko*; Iida, Kazuki*; Ishikado, Motoyuki*; Suzuki, Junichi*; Nakajima, Kenji; Kawamura, Seiko; et al.
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Nakajima, Kenji; Kawamura, Seiko; Kikuchi, Tatsuya; Kawakita, Yukinobu; Inamura, Yasuhiro; Kajimoto, Ryoichi; Nakamura, Mitsutaka; Tanaka, Hiromichi; Iwahashi, Takaaki; Kambara, Wataru; et al.
no journal, ,
AMATERAS is a cold-neutron multi disk-chopper spectrometer at J-PARC. AMATERAS is designed to realize high intensity and fine and flexible energy resolution measurements in quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering experiments from cold to thermal neutron energy region. AMATERAS had the first neutron beam in May 2009. After then, experiments of more than 70 proposals (including 17 in house projects proposals) have been carried out and results were distributed as 15 scientific papers and more than 100 presentations at domestic and international scientific meetings by users.
Kado, Masataka; Kishimoto, Maki; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Keiko*; Aoyama, Masato*; Shinohara, Kunio*
no journal, ,
Laser-plasma soft X-ray source produced by a high power pulsed laser is extremely bright and very suitable for biological X-ray microscopy to capture an image of living specimens for which require a single flash exposure to avoid imaging any damages on the specimens. We also have invented to use a fluorescent microscope to identify the cellular organelles in the images obtained with the soft X-ray microscope. The biological cells were cultivated directly onto the PMMA photo resists and observed with the soft X-ray microscope and the fluorescent microscope at the same time. The obtained soft X-ray images and fluorescence images of the cells were directly compared and each cellular organelle such as mitochondria, actin filaments, and chromosomes in the soft X-ray images were clearly identified. Since the soft X-ray microscope has higher spatial resolution than that of the fluorescent microscope, fine structures of the cellular organelles in the hydrated biological cells were observed.
Kado, Masataka; Kishimoto, Maki; Tone, Shigenobu*; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Keiko*; Aoyama, Masato*; Shinohara, Kunio*
no journal, ,
Soft X-ray microscope using water window X-ray as light sources has been developed as epoch-making technology to observe living hydrated biological cells with high spatial resolution. Controlling the thickness of water layer is critical to observe living biological cells since the absorption of the soft X-ray by the water layer degrade the cell images. It is important to keep the thickness of the water layer at 5 m to obtain clear cell images. We have designed new silicon nitride windows with spacer and groove structure to keep the water layer thickness at 5 m and have succeeded to obtain high resolution cell images.
Nakajima, Kenji; Kawamura, Seiko; Kikuchi, Tatsuya; Kawakita, Yukinobu; Inamura, Yasuhiro; Kajimoto, Ryoichi; Nakamura, Mitsutaka; Soyama, Kazuhiko; Harada, Masahide; Oikawa, Kenichi; et al.
no journal, ,
Kado, Masataka; Kishimoto, Maki; Ejima, Takeo*; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Keiko*; Aoyama, Masato*; Shinohara, Kunio*
no journal, ,
Soft X-ray microscope has a potential to observe live biological cells. But the cells had to be frozen in order to avoid radiation effects onto the biological cells or to be made a short pulse imaging with an intense X-ray source. Otherwise live cell imaging was not realized. Laser-plasma soft X-ray source was extremely bright and had short pulse duration. Hence it makes possible to capture soft X-ray images of biological cells before the cells damaged. Since the spatial resolution of the soft X-ray microscope depends on the photon flux irradiated onto the samples, it is important to increase brightness of the soft X-ray sources to observe inner structures of biological cells. We have increased the brightness of the soft X-ray source and succeeded in observing inner structures of live biological cells.
Kado, Masataka; Kishimoto, Maki; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Keiko*; Aoyama, Masato*; Shinohara, Kunio*
no journal, ,
We have developed a laser-plasma soft X-ray microscope combining an intense short pulsed soft X-ray source to a contact microscopy irradiating the soft X-rays onto cells directly cultivated on an X-ray photo resist and succeeded to observe inner structures of living cells directly. Using a fluorescent microscope with the soft X-ray microscope to observe the same cells at the same time, accurate identification and high resolved observation of cellular organelles have been achieved. Using the laser-plasma soft X-ray microscope inner structure of Leydig cells of mouse testis and structural deformation of apoptotic HeLa S3 nuclei have been observed. Immune cells of mouses have been observed and important structural change at the activation of immune function was found. We have found several important features by observing live cells which were unable by ordinal microscopes.
Kado, Masataka; Kishimoto, Maki; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Keiko*; Aoyama, Masato*; Tone, Shigenobu*; Shinohara, Kunio*
no journal, ,
Soft X-ray wavelengths between absorption K-edges of Oxygen and Carbon (2.3 nm and 4.4 nm) are so called "water window" and the X-ray were well absorbed by Carbon and less absorbed by water. Soft X-ray microscope using the water window X-ray as the light source has advantage to be able to observe live biological cells without any artifacts and can observe fine structures of cells compared to the light microscope. Combining with bright and short-pulsed laser-plasma soft X-ray the soft X-ray microscope which named a laser-plasma soft X-ray microscope can observe live biological cells in situ without radiation damages. We have generated bright water window soft X-ray irradiating a high power laser with 1053 nm in wavelength, 20 J in pulse energy and 600 ps in pulse duration onto thin foiled gold targets. Cultivating biological cells directly on the PMMA photoresists in situ observation of live biological cells with the laser-plasma soft X-ray microscope has been realized.
Kado, Masataka; Kishimoto, Maki; Ejima, Takeo*; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Keiko*; Aoyama, Masato*; Tone, Shigenobu*; Shinohara, Kunio*
no journal, ,
Although soft X-ray microscope has an ability to observe live biological cells, in order to avoid radiation damages onto the biological cells the cells had to be frozen and live cell imaging was not realized. Since laser-plasma soft X-ray source was extremely bright and had short pulse duration, it makes possible to capture soft X-ray images of biological cells before the cells damaged. Since the spatial resolution of the soft X-ray microscope depends on the photon flux irradiated onto the samples, it is important to increase brightness of the soft X-ray sources to observe inner structures of biological cells. We have increased the brightness of the soft X-ray source and succeeded to observe inner structures of live biological cells.
