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論文

Deuterated malonamide synthesis for fundamental research on solvent extraction systems

Micheau, C.; 上田 祐生; 阿久津 和宏*; Bourgeois, D.*; 元川 竜平

Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 41(2), p.221 - 240, 2023/02

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:56.57(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)

Malonamide derivatives, which are among the most extensively investigated extractants in solvent extraction of lanthanoids, actinides, and platinum group metal ions, were deuterated by using Pd/C and Rh/C catalysts with a D$$_{2}$$O/2-propanol mixture. This method enables to replace the hydrogen atoms by deuterium atoms in the malonamide chemical structure with a controllable deuteration rate. The maximum rate reaches 75 percent approximately, determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In addition, it has been demonstrated that extraction behavior of the malonamide molecules remains unchanged after the deuteration procedure. Deuterated malonamides should be a powerful tool for fundamental researches on solvent extraction systems, in particular, for structural analysis of the organic phases. The large difference in the neutron scattering cross-section between hydrogen and deuterium leads to a large difference in neutron scattering length density of the malonamide derivatives before and after the deuteration reaction. Therefore, using deuterated malonamides in small-angle neutron scattering and neutron reflectivity studies could give access to the nanoscopic structure of the specific solute species in the bulk organic phase and at the liquid-liquid interface, respectively. This deuteration method could become a general one and be extended to a wide variety of extractant molecules. In this way this work contributes to the development of the fundamental researches in solvent extraction systems.

論文

X-ray spectroscopic diagnostics of ultrashort laser-cluster interaction at the stage of the nonadiabatic scattering of clusters

Faenov, A. Y.; Magunov, A. I.*; Pikuz, T. A.*; Skobelev, I. Y.*; Giulietti, D.*; Betti, S.*; Galimberti, M.*; Gamucci, A.*; Giulietti, A.*; Gizzi, L. A.*; et al.

JETP Letters, 86(3), p.178 - 183, 2007/08

 被引用回数:5 パーセンタイル:37.33(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

X-ray spectroscopy diagnostics of laser-cluster interactions at a stage of non-adiabatical cluster expansion and formation of the spatially homogeneous plasma channel is carried out for the first time. It is shown, that X-ray line emission spectra of light elements, allows to determine parameters of the plasma formed at the time moment 10 ps from the beginning of femtosecond laser with relatively high plasma temperature Te 100 eV iand electron density Ne about 10$$^{19}$$ - 10$$^{20}$$ cm$$^{-3}$$.

論文

Search for neutron excitations across the $$N=20$$ shell gap in $$^{25-29}$$Ne

Belleguic, M.*; Azaiez, F.*; Dombr$'a$di, Zs.*; Sohler, D.*; Lopez-Jimenez, M. J.*; 大塚 孝治*; Saint-Laurent, M. G.*; Sorlin, O.*; Stanoiu, C.*; 宇都野 穣; et al.

Physical Review C, 72(5), p.054316_1 - 054316_7, 2005/11

 被引用回数:40 パーセンタイル:89.59(Physics, Nuclear)

原子核の殻構造が不安定核で変化する可能性が指摘されているが、その是非を明らかにするにはいわゆる侵入者状態の励起エネルギーを系統的に調べることが必要である。この論文では、GANIL研究所で不安定核$$^{26-28}$$Neの新たな準位を見つけ、その結果を原研らのグループによってなされたモンテカルロ殻模型計算の結果と比較したものである。これらの不安定核を$$^{36}$$S$$^{16+}$$ビームの入射核破砕反応によって生成し、脱励起$$gamma$$線を観測することにより、新しい準位を見つけた。$$^{26,27}$$Neにおいては、観測された準位は$$sd$$殻を仮定した殻模型計算の結果とよく一致し、低励起状態において侵入者状態は見つからなかった。一方、この実験で新たに見つかった$$^{28}$$Neにおける2.24MeVの状態は、旧来の$$sd$$殻模型で対応するものが存在しないため、侵入者状態が支配的と考えられる。実際、モンテカルロ殻模型計算によって2.2MeV付近にこのような$$0^+$$状態があると予言される。この実験で得られたN=18核における非常に低い$$0^+$$状態の存在は、不安定核においてN=20の殻ギャップが非常に狭まっていなくては説明できず、不安定核で魔法数が消滅するメカニズムの解明に大きな知見を与えるものである。

口頭

Malonamide viewed by neutron reflectivity

Micheau, C.; 上田 祐生; 元川 竜平; Moussaoui, S.*; Makombe, E.*; Daniel, M.*; Berthon, L.*; Bourgeois, D.*; 阿久津 和宏*

no journal, , 

The DIAMEX process aims to separate minor f-elements using malonamide as extractant molecules such as N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dibutyl-tetradecyl-malonamide (DBMA). Recently, Poirot studied the effect of n-heptane and toluene on the selectivity of DBMA between Pd and Nd and have conclude that Pd extraction is driven by coordination whereas Nd extraction is driven by extractant aggregation. More recently, a specific study on tetrahexylmalonamide (THMA) in toluene demonstrated a superior selectivity for Pd compared to DBMA. THMA molecular structure suggests poor aptitude for aggregation compared with DBMA, and has been much less characterized. Supramolecular features of two different solvent extraction systems based on malonamide extractants, THMA in toluene and DBMA in heptane, have been studied using characterization techniques dedicated to bulk organic phase organisation, ie. small angle X-ray scattering, and to interface characterization, ie. neutron reflectivity and interfacial tension.

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