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Journal Articles

Fetal and maternal atomic bomb survivor dosimetry using the J45 pregnant female phantom series; Considerations of the kneeling and lying posture with comparisons to the DS02 system

Domal, S. J.*; Correa-Alfonso, C. M.*; Paulbeck, C. J.*; Griffin, K. T.*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Funamoto, Sachiyo*; Cullings, H. M.*; Egbert, S. D.*; Endo, Akira; Hertel, N. E.*; et al.

Health Physics, 125(4), p.245 - 259, 2023/10

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.00(Environmental Sciences)

The RERF Working Group on Organ Dose (WGOD) has established the J45 (Japan 1945) series of high-resolution voxel phantoms, which were derived from the UF/NCI series of hybrid phantoms and scaled to match mid-1940s Japanese body morphometries. In this present study, we present the J45 pregnant female phantoms in both a kneeling and lying posture, and assess the dosimetric impact of these more anatomically realistic survivor models in comparisons to current organ doses given by the DS02 system. For the kneeling phantoms facing the bomb hypocenter, organ doses from bomb source photon spectra were shown to be overestimated by the DS02 system by up to a factor of 1.45 for certain fetal organs and up to a factor of 1.17 for maternal organs. For lying phantoms with their feet in the direction of the hypocenter, fetal organ doses from bomb source photon spectra were underestimated by the DS02 system by factors as low as 0.77 while maternal organ doses were overestimated by up to a factor of 1.38. Results from this study highlight the degree to which the existing DS02 system can differ from organ dosimetry based upon 3D radiation transport simulations using more anatomically realistic models of those survivors exposed during pregnancy while in a kneeling or lying position.

Journal Articles

Fetal atomic bomb survivor dosimetry using the J45 series of pregnant female phantoms with realistic survivor exposure scenarios; Comparisons to dose estimates in the DS02 system

Paulbeck, C. J.*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Funamoto, Sachiyo*; Lee, C.*; Griffin, K. T.*; Cullings, H. M.*; Egbert, S. D.*; Endo, Akira; Hertel, N. E.*; Bolch, W. E.*

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 62(3), p.317 - 329, 2023/08

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:57.78(Biology)

In our prior study [Radiat Res 192, 538-561 (2019)], we presented a new J45 (Japanese 1945) series of high-resolution phantoms of the adult pregnant female at 8-week, 15-week, 25-week, and 38-week post-conception. In this present study, we extend this work using realistic angular fluences from the DS02 system for up to nine different radiation categories and five shielding conditions. General findings are that the current DS02 fetal dose surrogate overestimates values of fetal organ dose seen in the J45 phantoms towards the cranial end of the fetus, especially in the later stages of pregnancy. This work supports our previous findings that the J45 pregnant female phantom series offers significate opportunities for gestational age-dependent assessment of fetal organ dose without the need to invoke the uterine wall as a fetal organ surrogate.

Journal Articles

Japanese pediatric and adult atomic bomb survivor dosimetry; Potential improvements using the J45 phantom series and modern Monte Carlo transport

Griffin, K. T.*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Funamoto, Sachiyo*; Chizhov, K.*; Domal, S.*; Paulbeck, C.*; Bolch, W.*; Cullings, H. M.*; Egbert, S. D.*; Endo, Akira; et al.

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 61(1), p.73 - 86, 2022/03

 Times Cited Count:7 Percentile:58.51(Biology)

To evaluate the potential dosimetry improvements that would arise from their use in a Dosimetry System (DS) at RERF, we have evaluated organ doses in the J45 series using the environmental fluence data for twenty generalized survivor scenarios pulled directly from the current DS. The energy- and angle-dependent gamma and neutron fluences were converted to a phase space source term for use in MCNP6, a modern radiation transport code. Overall, the updated phantom series would be expected to provide dose improvements to several important organs, including the active marrow, colon, and stomach wall (up to 20%, 20%, and 15% impact on total dose, respectively). The impacts on dosimetry were especially significant for neutron dose estimates (up to a two-fold difference) and within organs which were unavailable in the previous phantom series, such as the skin, esophagus, and prostate.

Journal Articles

Dosimetric impact of a new computational voxel phantom series for the Japanese atomic bomb survivors; Methodological improvements and organ dose response functions

Sato, Tatsuhiko; Funamoto, Sachiyo*; Paulbeck, C.*; Griffin, K.*; Lee, C.*; Cullings, H.*; Egbert, S. D.*; Endo, Akira; Hertel, N.*; Bolch, W. E.*

Radiation Research, 194(4), p.390 - 402, 2020/10

 Times Cited Count:6 Percentile:41.27(Biology)

Owing to recent advances in computational dosimetry tools, it is desirable to update the dosimetry system for the atomic-bomb survivors as it was established by DS02. In the current study, we have investigated the possible impact of introducing not only the J45 phantom series but also various methodological upgrades to the DS02 dosimetry system. It was found that the anatomical improvement in the J45 phantom series is the most important factor leading to potential changes in survivor organ doses. In addition, this study established a series of response functions which allows for the rapid conversion of the unidirectional quasi-monoenergetic photon and neutron fluences to organ doses within the J45 adult phantoms. This system of response functions can be implemented within a revision to the DS02 dosimetry system and used for future updates to organ doses within the Life Span Study of the atomic-bomb survivors.

Journal Articles

Dosimetric impact of a new computational voxel phantom series for the Japanese atomic bomb survivors; Pregnant females

Paulbeck, C.*; Griffin, K.*; Lee, C.*; Cullings, H.*; Egbert, S. D.*; Funamoto, Sachiyo*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Endo, Akira; Hertel, N.*; Bolch, W. E.*

Radiation Research, 192(5), p.538 - 561, 2019/08

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:61.23(Biology)

An important cohort of the atomic bomb survivors are pregnant females exposed to the photon and neutrons fields at both Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as their children who were exposed ${it in-utero}$. In the present study, we present a new J45 (Japanese 1945) series of high-resolution phantoms of the adult pregnant female at 8-week, 15-week, 25-week, and 38-week post-conception. As for the maternal organ doses, the use of organ doses in a non-pregnant female were shown, in general, to overestimate the corresponding organ doses in the pregnant female, with greater deviations seen at later stages of pregnancy. These results demonstrate that the J45 pregnant female phantom series offers the opportunity for significant improvements in both fetal and maternal organ dose assessment within this unique cohort of the atomic bomb survivors.

Journal Articles

Dosimetric impact of a new computational voxel phantom series for the Japanese atomic bomb survivors; Children and adults

Griffin, K.*; Paulbeck, C.*; Bolch, W.*; Cullings, H.*; Egbert, S. D.*; Funamoto, Sachiyo*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Endo, Akira; Hertel, N.*; Lee, C.*

Radiation Research, 191(4), p.369 - 379, 2019/04

 Times Cited Count:19 Percentile:73.95(Biology)

Due to computing limitations of the time, only three stylized phantoms were used in DS86 and DS02 to represent the entire Japanese population: an infant, child, and adult. Our study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric impact that should be expected from using an updated and age-expanded RERF phantom series with the survivor cohort. To this end, we developed a new series of hybrid phantoms, based on the Japanese population of 1945, which has greater anatomical realism and improved age resolution than those previously used by RERF. From the photon portion of the spectra, dose differences of up to nearly 25% are expected between the old and new series, while differences of up to nearly 70% are expected from the neutron portion. Overall, our new series of phantoms has shown to provide significant improvements to survivor organ dosimetry, especially to those survivors who were previously misrepresented in body size by their stylized phantom and to those who experienced a highly-directional irradiation field.

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