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Journal Articles

Evaluation of ZnO fast scintillator spatial resolution using the FZP-focused X-ray laser

Tanaka, Momoko; Nakazato, Tomoharu*; Shimizu, Toshihiko*; Yamanoi, Kohei*; Sakai, Kohei*; Sarukura, Nobuhiko*; Nishikino, Masaharu; Oba, Toshiyuki; Kaihori, Takeshi; Ochi, Yoshihiro; et al.

JAEA-Conf 2011-001, p.126 - 128, 2011/03

The spatial resolution of hydrothermal method grown zinc oxide (ZnO) scintillator was evaluated using X-ray laser focused with Fresnel zone plate. The fluorescence image of the ZnO scintillator was measured to be less than 10um using CCD camera coupled with a Schbartzchild expander mirror. The availability of large size ZnO crystal up to 3-inch is quite attractive for future lithography and imaging applications.

Journal Articles

X-ray imaging by using ZnO crystal

Sarukura, Nobuhiko*; Nakazato, Tomoharu*; Shimizu, Toshihiko*; Yamanoi, Kohei*; Sakai, Kohei*; Ehrentraut, D.*; Fukuda, Tsuguo*; Tanaka, Momoko; Nishikino, Masaharu; Kawachi, Tetsuya

Reza Kenkyu, 39(3), p.193 - 196, 2011/03

Development of light sources in the soft X-ray/X-ray region, such as laser induced plasma emission and XFEL, is in demand for applications in various fields of science, medicine, and industry, among others. To promote this endeavor, development of imaging devices as diagnostic tools in this wavelength region is required. ZnO is a prominent candidate material for high spatial and temporal resolution imaging devices because of its emission at 380 nm, lifetime of less than 1 ns, and availability of large and cheap but high quality crystals. We obtained a single shot image of ZnO emission pattern excited by an X-ray laser at the Advanced Photon Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The spatial resolution was estimated to be around 10 $$mu$$m. This result shows that ZnO can be used as a powerful imaging device for applications such as EUV lithography.

Journal Articles

Hydrothermal-method-grown ZnO single crystal as fast EUV scintillator for future lithography

Nakazato, Tomoharu*; Furukawa, Yusuke*; Tanaka, Momoko; Tatsumi, Toshihiro*; Nishikino, Masaharu; Yamatani, Hiroshi*; Nagashima, Keisuke; Kimura, Toyoaki*; Murakami, Hidetoshi*; Saito, Shigeki*; et al.

Journal of Crystal Growth, 311(3), p.875 - 877, 2009/01

 Times Cited Count:25 Percentile:86.50(Crystallography)

The temperature dependence of scintillation properties of a hydrothermal-method-grown zinc oxide (ZnO) emission is investigated using a nickel-like silver laser emitting at 13.9 nm. A broad peak at 386 nm with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 15 nm at room temperature (298 K) is obtained. The peak position tends to be blue shifted while the FWHM becomes narrower when the crystal temperature is decreased to 25 K. Streak images fitted by a double exponential decay reveal that the measured emission decay at 105 K was $$tau$$$$_{1}$$ = 0.88 ns and $$tau$$$$_{2}$$ = 2.7 ns. This decay time of a few nanoseconds is suitable for lithographic applications and is sufficiently short for the characterization of laser plasma extreme ultraviolet (EUV) sources with nanosecond durations.

Journal Articles

Time-resolved fluorescence spectrum of wide-gap semiconductors excited by 13.9 nm X-ray laser

Tanaka, Momoko; Furukawa, Yusuke*; Nakazato, Tomoharu*; Tatsumi, Toshihiro*; Murakami, Hidetoshi*; Shimizu, Toshihiko*; Sarukura, Nobuhiko*; Nishikino, Masaharu; Kawachi, Tetsuya; Kagamitani, Yuji*; et al.

X-Ray Lasers 2008; Springer Proceedings in Physics, Vol.130, p.501 - 505, 2009/00

We measured the time-resolved fluorescence spectra of ZnO and GaN single crystals excited by an X-ray laser operating at 13.9 nm and evaluated their scintillation properties for EUV excitation as compared with UV excitation case. For ZnO, a clear fluorescence peak of excitonic origin was observed at around 380 nm and the decay lifetime of less than 3 ns is found to be almost similar to the UV excitation case. The fluorescence at 380 nm is ideal for scintillator device design in the EUV and further applications. For GaN, the lifetimes are much longer than ZnO and the temporal profile of the EUV-excited fluorescence differs with the UV excitation case. As such, the EUV scintillation properties of ZnO is said to be more favorable than GaN. Finally, it is also demonstrated that an X-ray laser is an excellent tool for spectroscopic characterization of materials intended for next-generation lithography applications.

Journal Articles

Temperature dependence of scintillation properties for a hydrothermal-method-grown zinc oxide crystal evaluated by nickel-like silver laser pulses

Furukawa, Yusuke*; Tanaka, Momoko; Nakazato, Tomoharu*; Tatsumi, Toshihiro*; Nishikino, Masaharu; Yamatani, Hiroshi; Nagashima, Keisuke; Kimura, Toyoaki; Murakami, Hidetoshi*; Saito, Shigeki*; et al.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 25(7), p.B118 - B121, 2008/07

 Times Cited Count:26 Percentile:74.28(Optics)

Using EUV laser operated at 13.9 nm ZnO and GaN are shown to be excellent scintillators in this wavelength region. Especially ZnO has short response time of 3 ns and prominent peak fluorescence from excitation at 380 nm.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of fast EUV scintillator using 13.9 nm X-ray laser

Tanaka, Momoko; Furukawa, Hiroyuki*; Murakami, Hidetoshi*; Saito, Shigeki*; Sarukura, Nobuhiko*; Nishikino, Masaharu; Yamatani, Hiroshi; Nagashima, Keisuke; Kagamitani, Yuji*; Ehrentraut, D.*; et al.

Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 112(4), p.042058_1 - 042058_4, 2008/00

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:54.85(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

Optical technologies in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region have been receiving strong interest for the next generation lithography. Efficient and fast scintillators are one of the key devices functioning in the EUV region. In this paper, we report excellent properties of ZnO and GaN as scintillators in the EUV region, and to demonstrate the feasibility of using a Ni-like Ag EUV laser operated at 13.9-nm to evaluate these properties. The sample was irradiated with EUV laser pulses, and the fluorescence spectrum and the fluorescence lifetime were measured using a streak camera fitted with a spectrograph. In the case of ZnO, a clear, excitonic, fluorescence peak was observed at around 380 nm with a decay lifetime of 3 ns. For GaN, a fluorescence peak at 370 nm having slower 5-ns decay time was observed. In this respect, the EUV scintillation properties of ZnO is said to be more favorable than GaN.

Journal Articles

Hydrothermal method grown large-sized zinc oxide single crystal as fast scintillator for future extreme ultraviolet lithography

Tanaka, Momoko; Nishikino, Masaharu; Yamatani, Hiroshi; Nagashima, Keisuke; Kimura, Toyoaki; Furukawa, Yusuke*; Murakami, Hidetoshi*; Saito, Shigeki*; Sarukura, Nobuhiko*; Nishimura, Hiroaki*; et al.

Applied Physics Letters, 91(23), p.231117_1 - 231117_3, 2007/12

 Times Cited Count:54 Percentile:84.95(Physics, Applied)

The scintillation properties of a hydrothermal method grown zinc oxide (ZnO) crystal are evaluated for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) laser excitation at 13.9 nm wavelength. The exciton emission lifetime at around 380 nm is determined to be 1.1 ns, almost identical to ultraviolet laser excitation cases. This fast response time is sufficiently short for characterizing EUV lithography light sources having a few nanoseconds duration. The availability of large size ZnO crystal up to 3-inch is quite attractive for future lithography and imaging applications.

Oral presentation

Single-shot focal spot image of EUV laser using a ZnO scintillator

Nakazato, Tomoharu*; Shimizu, Toshihiko*; Yamanoi, Kohei*; Takatori, Satoru*; Estacio, E.*; Cadatal, M.*; Sarukura, Nobuhiko*; Nishimura, Hiroaki*; Mima, Kunioki*; Tanaka, Momoko; et al.

no journal, , 

We have observed the single shot, focused image of a EUV laser through the emission of a ZnO scintillator. An estimated EUV laser focal spot size of 50$$times$$88 micrometer is reasonable considering the long focal length of the spherical mirror. This work reports a feasible method to perform single-shot beam diagnostics for EUV laser sources using a ZnO crystal scintillator. Furthermore, since the ZnO fluorescence is at 380 nm wavelength, the imaging optics for the diagnostics can all be placed outside the vacuum chamber; thereby making experiments less cumbersome. Having a capability in fast and efficient beam profiling of EUV laser sources with acceptable resolving power is very important in future lithography applications.

Oral presentation

Evaluation of ZnO fast scintillator spatial resolution using the FZP-focused EUV laser

Nakazato, Tomoharu*; Shimizu, Toshihiko*; Yamanoi, Kohei*; Sakai, Kohei*; Sarukura, Nobuhiko*; Ehrentraut, D.*; Fukuda, Tsuguo*; Tanaka, Momoko; Nishikino, Masaharu; Yamatani, Hiroshi*; et al.

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

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