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Journal Articles

Study of beam target materials for a 3-MeV LINAC at J-PARC

Hirano, Koichiro; Fukuda, Makoto*; Ezato, Koichiro*; Tokunaga, Kazutoshi*

Proceedings of 20th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.415 - 419, 2023/11

Tungsten is used in beam targets and experimental fusion reactor (ITER) divertors as a material with low activation, high thermal conductivity and high strength properties. Using a 3 MeV linac with negative hydrogen ion beam energy, multiple irradiation tests were conducted on tungsten materials meeting the ITER requirements, in which temperature changes of heating and cooling were repeatedly given at 5 Hz cycles. As a result, protrusions and cracks were observed on the surface of the test piece using SEM device, which were presumably caused by repeated expansion and contraction due to rapid pulse-like temperature change.

Journal Articles

Progress of ITER full tungsten divertor technology qualification in Japan

Ezato, Koichiro; Suzuki, Satoshi; Seki, Yohji; Mori, Kensuke; Yokoyama, Kenji; Escourbiac, F.*; Hirai, Takeshi*; Kuznetsov, V.*

Fusion Engineering and Design, 98-99, p.1281 - 1284, 2015/10

 Times Cited Count:43 Percentile:96.17(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is now devoting to development of Full-W ITER divertor outer vertical target (OVT), especially, PFU that needs to withstand the repetitive heat load as high as 20MW/m$$^{2}$$. JAEA have succeeded in demonstrating that the soundness of a bonding technology is sufficient for the full-W ITER divertor. For the development of bonding technology, the load carrying capability test on the W monoblock with a leg attachment to an OVT support structure was carried out and shows that the attachment can withstand against the uniaxial load more than 20 kN which is three times higher than the IO requirement. JAEA manufactured 6 small-scale mock-ups and tested under the repetitive heat load of 10 and 20 MW/m$$^{2}$$ to examine the durability of the divertor structure including W tile bonding and the cooling tube. All of the mock-ups could survived 5000 cycles at 10 MW/m$$^{2}$$ and 1000 cycles 20 MW/m$$^{2}$$ with no failure such as debonding of the W tile and water leak from the cooling tube. The number of cycles at 20 MW/m$$^{2}$$ is three times longer than the requirement of ITER divertor.

Journal Articles

R&D status on water cooled ceramic breeder blanket technology

Enoeda, Mikio; Tanigawa, Hisashi; Hirose, Takanori; Nakajima, Motoki; Sato, Satoshi; Ochiai, Kentaro; Konno, Chikara; Kawamura, Yoshinori; Hayashi, Takumi; Yamanishi, Toshihiko; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 89(7-8), p.1131 - 1136, 2014/10

 Times Cited Count:21 Percentile:82.76(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The development of a Water Cooled Ceramic Breeder (WCCB) Test Blanket Module (TBM) is being performed as one of the most important steps toward DEMO blanket in Japan. Regarding the fabrication technology development using F82H, the fabrication of a real scale mockup of the back wall of TBM was completed. Also the assembling of the complete box structure of the TBM mockup and planning of the pressurization testing was studied. The development of advanced breeder and multiplier pebbles for higher chemical stability was performed for future DEMO blanket application. From the view point of TBM test result evaluation and DEMO blanket performance design, the development of the blanket tritium simulation technology, investigation of the TBM neutronics measurement technology and the evaluation of tritium production and recovery test using D-T neutron in the Fusion Neutronics Source (FNS) facility has been performed.

Journal Articles

Development of tungsten monoblock technology for ITER full-tungsten divertor in Japan

Seki, Yohji; Ezato, Koichiro; Suzuki, Satoshi; Yokoyama, Kenji; Mori, Kensuke; Hirai, Takeshi*; Escourbiac, F.*; Kuznetsov, V.*

Proceedings of 25th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2014) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2014/10

Journal Articles

Development of high-grade VPS-tungsten coatings on F82H reduced activation steel

Tokunaga, Tomonori*; Watanabe, Hideo*; Yoshida, Naoaki*; Nagasaka, Takuya*; Kasada, Ryuta*; Lee, Y.-J.*; Kimura, Akihiko*; Tokitani, Masayuki*; Mitsuhara, Masatoshi*; Hinoki, Tatsuya*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 442(1-3), p.S287 - S291, 2013/11

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:68.28(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

Progress of manufacturing and quality testing of the ITER divertor outer vertical target in Japan

Seki, Yohji; Ezato, Koichiro; Suzuki, Satoshi; Yokoyama, Kenji; Mori, Kensuke; Enoeda, Mikio

Proceedings of 24th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2012) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2013/03

The outer vertical targets of the ITER divertor are procured by the Japan Domestic Agency, JADA. Manufacturing a full-scale prototype of the half cassette which consists of 11 plasma facing units and a steel support structure has been started in Japan. JADA has greatly improved the success rate of the joint between the plasma-facing materials and heat-sink materials, in consequence of R&D on joint technology and quality control. JADA solved problems of quality control of the joint interface by an improved system of infrared thermography inspection, which provides quick feedback during the manufacturing process about the presence of defect in the joint. This paper reports on the achievements and the clarifications of technical and quality issues for the manufacture of the divertor components to be supplied by Japan.

Journal Articles

A Study on flow field of purge gas for tritium transfer through breeder pebble bed in fusion blanket

Seki, Yohji; Ezato, Koichiro; Yokoyama, Kenji; Enoeda, Mikio; Kubota, Jinichi*; Sakamoto, Kensaku

Proceedings of 8th Japan-Korea Symposium on Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics and Safety (NTHAS-8) (USB Flash Drive), 8 Pages, 2012/12

Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been performing R&D and design of a blanket module of a nuclear fusion reactor. Pebbles of a ceramic tritium breeder are packed in a container of the blanket. Helium purge gas is applied as a transport fluid in a tritium recovery system. Prediction of the flow phenomena with a tritium transfer is important for designs of the container. A purpose of our research is to establish and verify a method for a prediction of the flow in the pebble bed. In this study, pressure drops of the helium purge gas through the pebble bed were measured up to 100 L/min of flow rate. Reliability of prediction ability of the pressure drop was validated by this experiment within the flow rate which is less than 40 L/min. A numerical simulation for the flow field through the pebble bed also has been performed. Consequently, the velocity distributions are quantitatively and qualitatively obtained at near the wall and the center region in the pebble bed.

Journal Articles

R&D activities on manufacturing plasma-facing unit for prototype of ITER divertor outer target in JADA

Ezato, Koichiro; Suzuki, Satoshi; Seki, Yohji; Nishi, Hiroshi; Mori, Kensuke; Enoeda, Mikio

Fusion Engineering and Design, 87(7-8), p.1177 - 1180, 2012/08

 Times Cited Count:9 Percentile:55.57(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Toward the ITER construction, JADA push forward the technology development for outer vertical target for ITER divertor. In this report, resent results on joining technology development between Carbon-based material (CFC) monoblocks and Cu-alloy (CuCrZr) cooling tube and heating test for full-scale divertor prototype are summarized. Joint test reveals cause of defects occurred in the CFC monoblock joint and Improvement on this joint is realized by using Cu-W material as a buffer layer between CFC and CuCrZr instead of conventional soft Cu layer. The joint with Cu-W layer can suppress joint defect in the CFC monoblocks. Furthermore, as a result of repetitive heating test at 20 MW/m$$^{2}$$ in 10 s for 1,000 cycles on the CFC monoblock divertor mock-up with Cu-W buffer layer, the deterioration of heat removal was not observed.

Journal Articles

Development of the plasma facing components in Japan for ITER

Suzuki, Satoshi; Ezato, Koichiro; Seki, Yohji; Mori, Kensuke; Yokoyama, Kenji; Enoeda, Mikio

Fusion Engineering and Design, 87(5-6), p.845 - 852, 2012/08

 Times Cited Count:18 Percentile:77.37(Nuclear Science & Technology)

After the successful completion of the prequalification activity for ITER divertor procurement, Japanese Domestic Agency (JADA) and ITER Organization (IO) have entered into the procurement arrangement of divertor outer vertical target (OVT) in June 2009. In accordance with the arrangement, JADA has started to manufacture an OVT full-scale prototype in order to pick out and solve technical and quality issues, then to establish a rational manufacturing process toward the start of the series of production of the OVT components to be installed in tokamak. This paper presents the overview of JADA's activity on the divertor outer target procurement and also procurement schedule will be presented.

Journal Articles

Development of the water cooled ceramic breeder test blanket module in Japan

Enoeda, Mikio; Tanigawa, Hisashi; Hirose, Takanori; Suzuki, Satoshi; Ochiai, Kentaro; Konno, Chikara; Kawamura, Yoshinori; Yamanishi, Toshihiko; Hoshino, Tsuyoshi; Nakamichi, Masaru; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 87(7-8), p.1363 - 1369, 2012/08

 Times Cited Count:36 Percentile:91.83(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The development of a Water Cooled Ceramic Breeder (WCCB) Test Blanket Module (TBM) is being performed as one of the most important steps toward DEMO blanket in Japan. For the TBM testing and evaluation toward DEMO blanket, the module fabrication technology development by a candidate structural material, reduced activation martensitic/ferritic steel, F82H, is one of the most critical items from the viewpoint of realization of TBM testing in ITER. Fabrication of a real scale first wall, side walls, a breeder pebble bed box and assembling of the first wall and side walls have succeeded. Recently, the real scale partial mockup of the back wall was fabricated. The fabrication procedure of the back wall, whose thickness is up to 90 mm, was confirmed toward the fabrication of the real scale back wall by F82H. This paper overviews the recent achievements of the development of the WCCB TBM in Japan.

Journal Articles

Engineering study of gas flow in breeder pebble bed for fusion blanket

Seki, Yohji; Yoshikawa, Akira; Tanigawa, Hisashi; Hirose, Takanori; Ezato, Koichiro; Enoeda, Mikio; Sakamoto, Kensaku

Dai-17-Kai Doryoku, Enerugi Gijutsu Shimpojiumu Koen Rombunshu, p.265 - 266, 2012/06

In the case of a water cooled ceramic breeder in a blanket, pebbles of a ceramic tritium breeder are packed in a container constituted by a partition plate. Helium purge gas is applied as a transport fluid in a tritium recovery system. It is of importance to build database of a pressure drop as part of a design of the tritium recovery system. In this experimental study, the pressure drops of He gas through pebble bed were measured within the wide range of a flow rate up to 100 L/min. The results indicate that a laminar flow is dominant and the pressure drop was correctly predicted by the empirical equation within a part of flow rate. Reliability of prediction ability of pressure drop was established by this experiment within the flow rate which is less than 60 L/min. Moreover, this paper describes that slight difference between the experimental result and the empirical equation within a range of flow rate from 60 L/min to 100 L/min.

Journal Articles

Recent status of fabrication technology development of water cooled ceramic breeder test blanket module in Japan

Hirose, Takanori; Tanigawa, Hisashi; Yoshikawa, Akira; Seki, Yohji; Tsuru, Daigo; Yokoyama, Kenji; Ezato, Koichiro; Suzuki, Satoshi; Enoeda, Mikio; Akiba, Masato

Fusion Engineering and Design, 86(9-11), p.2265 - 2268, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:37.62(Nuclear Science & Technology)

As one of the most important fabrication technologies of the WCCB TBM, Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) joining technology was selected to fabricate the first wall with built-in cooling channel structure made of reduced activation martensitic/ferritic steel, F82H. By using developed HIP technology, a real scale TBM first wall mockup was successfully fabricated. High heat flux test of the fabricated mockup showed the feasibility to with the equivalent conditions of the WCCB TBM operation. The breeder pebble box was successfully fabricated with thin wall cooling pipes and thin plate sleds by Laser welding. With respect to the side walls with built in cooling channels were also fabricated using drilling technology. Assembling of the first wall and side walls is one of the critical fabrication processes of the fabrication of the TBM structure. By using a F82H first wall mockup and side wall mockups, assembling process was demonstrated successfully by Electron Beam welding.

Journal Articles

Deuterium concentration of co-deposited carbon layer produced at gap of wall tiles

Nobuta, Yuji*; Yokoyama, Kenji; Kanazawa, Jun*; Yamauchi, Yuji*; Hino, Tomoaki*; Suzuki, Satoshi; Ezato, Koichiro; Enoeda, Mikio; Akiba, Masato

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 417(1-3), p.607 - 611, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:17.88(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

Application of tritium tracer techniques to observation of hydrogen on surface and in bulk of F82H

Otsuka, Teppei*; Tanabe, Tetsuo*; Tokunaga, Kazutoshi*; Yoshida, Naoaki*; Ezato, Koichiro; Suzuki, Satoshi; Akiba, Masato

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 417(1-3), p.1135 - 1138, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:17.88(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

Deuterium retention in F82H after low energy hydrogen ion irradiation

Ito, Tatsuya*; Yamauchi, Yuji*; Hino, Tomoaki*; Shibayama, Tamaki*; Nobuta, Yuji*; Ezato, Koichiro; Suzuki, Satoshi; Akiba, Masato

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 417(1-3), p.1147 - 1149, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:68.51(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

Numerical simulation of turbulent flow of coolant in a test blanket module of nuclear fusion reactor

Seki, Yohji; Onishi, Yoichi*; Yoshikawa, Akira; Tanigawa, Hisashi; Hirose, Takanori; Ozu, Akira; Ezato, Koichiro; Tsuru, Daigo; Suzuki, Satoshi; Yokoyama, Kenji; et al.

Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology (Internet), 2, p.139 - 142, 2011/10

R&D of a test blanket module (TBM) with a water-cooled solid breeder has been performed for ITER. For our design, the temperature of a coolant pressurized up to 15 MPa is designed as 598 K in an outlet of the TBM, respectively. Establishment of estimation methods of the flow phenomena is important for designs of the channel network and predictions of the material corrosion and erosion. A purpose of our research is to establish and verify the method for the prediction of the flow phenomena. The Large-eddy simulation and Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulation have been performed to predict the pressure drop and flow rates in the channels of the side wall. It results the inhomogeneous flow rates in each channel. At viewpoint of the heat removal capability, however, the smallest flow-rates near the first wall are evaluated with satisfying acceptance criteria. Moreover, the results of the numerical simulation correspond with those of experiment performed for the real size mock-up.

Journal Articles

Outline of research and development of thermal-hydraulics and safety of Japanese Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor (JSCWR) project

Nakatsuka, Toru; Mori, Hideo*; Akiba, Miyuki*; Ezato, Koichiro; Yasuoka, Makoto*

Proceedings of 5th International Symposium on Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactors (ISSCWR-5) (CD-ROM), 12 Pages, 2011/03

In the thermal-hydraulic area of Japanese Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor (JSCWR) project, the main objective is to provide high-precision heat transfer and hydraulics resistance correlations of supercritical water which are necessary for the conceptual design of the core and fuel. For this purpose, a database was constructed from literature survey and previous research results. The most suitable correlation applied for circular tubes was selected based on the database and the range of application and predictive accuracy were defined. A thermal-hydraulics analysis code has been developed based on large eddy simulation, which is selected for simulation of the heat transfer deterioration, to give detailed information of thermal-hydraulics phenomena in a fuel bundle.

Journal Articles

Thermo-hydraulic testing and integrity of ITER test blanket module (TBM) first wall mock-up in JAEA

Ezato, Koichiro; Seki, Yohji; Tanigawa, Hisashi; Hirose, Takanori; Tsuru, Daigo; Nishi, Hiroshi; Dairaku, Masayuki; Yokoyama, Kenji; Suzuki, Satoshi; Enoeda, Mikio

Fusion Engineering and Design, 85(7-9), p.1255 - 1260, 2010/12

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:64.24(Nuclear Science & Technology)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Heat transfer characteristics of the first wall with graphite sheet interlayer

Masaki, Kei; Miyo, Yasuhiko; Sakurai, Shinji; Ezato, Koichiro; Suzuki, Satoshi; Sakasai, Akira

Fusion Engineering and Design, 85(10-12), p.1732 - 1735, 2010/12

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:9.74(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Steady-state research is indispensable to establish scientific and technological basis for the next fusion devices. In JT-60, long pulse operation of up to 65s (OH) with a neutral beam heating power of $$sim$$12 MW (30s) was conducted to investigate the plasma behavior in several tens of seconds. However, the structure of the JT-60U first wall, which was composed of bolted graphite tiles and backings, restricted the flexibility of the plasma operation, because the first wall was not actively cooled. To improve the heat transfer characteristics of the first wall taking into account the cost, a candidate is to insert a graphite sheet between the graphite tile and the backing plate. Aiming at a design study for next fusion devices, the heat transfer characteristics of the first wall structure were investigated with a variety of graphite sheets and fixing-bolt torque conditions. The first wall mockup used for the experiment was composed of three CFC tiles (125(L) $$times$$110(W)$$times$$24(T) mm for each tile) and a cupper-alloy heat sink (377(L)$$times$$100(W)$$times$$20(T) mm) with two cooling channels of 10 mm diameter. Four types of the graphite sheets, 0.1-mm thickness PGS (Pyrolytic Graphite Sheet; Panasoic Co., Ltd), 0.2-mm PF (Perma Foil; Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd) 0.38-mm PF, 0.6-mm PF, were examined in the experiment. The heat load tests of the mockup were performed with the heat fluxes of 1 and 3 MW/m$$^{2}$$ on the JAERI electron beam irradiation stand. The experimental results showed that the structure with 0.1-mm thickness $$times$$ 3 PGSs had the highest heat transfer performance in the experiment. The first wall structure with the PGS sheets withstood the heat flux of 1 MW/m$$^{2}$$$$times$$100s. The maximum surface temperature of the CFC tile was 500$$^{circ}$$C. Furthermore, the results indicated that the structure could be used at the steady-state condition with the heat flux of $$sim$$1 MW/m$$^{2}$$. In the paper, detail of the results will be presented and discussed.

Journal Articles

Non-destructive examination with infrared thermography system for ITER divertor components

Seki, Yohji; Ezato, Koichiro; Suzuki, Satoshi; Yokoyama, Kenji; Enoeda, Mikio; Mori, Seiji

Fusion Engineering and Design, 85(7-9), p.1451 - 1454, 2010/12

 Times Cited Count:19 Percentile:76.41(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is willing to procure the outer Vertical Targets (VT) in cooperation with ITER Organization. In advance of the start of the procurement, the JAEA has to first demonstrate its technical capability to carry out the procurement. This is achieved via the successful manufactures and quality tests of VT Qualification Prototypes. Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) with the infrared thermography is required as one of the quality tests to detect the defect in the CFC monoblock, and between the CFC/OFCu. In this research and development, the Facility of Infrared NDE for Divertor (FIND) has been built by the JAEA. The FIND successfully detects the position and the magnitude of the integrated defect in the CFC and in the bonding of CFC/OFCu. The infrared NDE system established in the JAEA contributes to keeping the quality of the ITER-divertor.

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