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Journal Articles

Rapid multi-nuclide identification method by simultaneous $$beta$$, $$gamma$$, and X-ray spectrum analysis

Oshima, Masumi*; Goto, Jun*; Hayakawa, Takehito*; Asai, Masato; Kin, Tadahiro*; Shinohara, Hirofumi*

Isotope News, (790), p.19 - 23, 2023/12

When analyzing samples that contain many radionuclides at various concentrations, such as radioactive waste or fuel debris, it is difficult to apply general spectrum analysis methods and is necessary to chemically separate each nuclide before quantifying it. The chemical separation is especially essential for analysis using a liquid scintillation counter (LSC). In this report, the authors explain the newly developed spectral determination method (SDM) in which the entire spectrum is fitted to quantify radioactivity of nuclides mixed in a sample. By applying the SDM to $$beta$$- and X-ray spectrum measured by LSC and $$gamma$$-ray spectrum measured by Ge detector simultaneously, the authors demonstrated that radioactivity of 40 radionuclides mixed in a sample at concentrations varying by two orders could be quantified, which is useful to simplify chemical separation process in radionuclide quantification.

Journal Articles

Oxygen interstitials make metastable $$beta$$ titanium alloys strong and ductile

Chong, Y.*; Gholizadeh, R.*; Guo, B.*; Tsuru, Tomohito; Zhao, G.*; Yoshida, Shuhei*; Mitsuhara, Masatoshi*; Godfrey, A.*; Tsuji, Nobuhiro*

Acta Materialia, 257, p.119165_1 - 119165_14, 2023/09

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:77.63

Metastable $$beta$$ titanium alloys possess excellent strain-hardening capability, but suffer from a low yield strength. As a result, numerous attempts have been made to strengthen this important structural material in the last decade. Here, we explore the contributions of grain refinement and interstitial additions in raising the yield strength of a Ti-12Mo (wt.%) metastable $$beta$$ titanium alloy. Surprisingly, rather than strengthening the material, grain refinement actually lowers the ultimate tensile strength in this alloy. This unexpected and anomalous behavior is attributed to a significant enhancement in strain-induced $$alpha^{primeprime}$$ martensite phase transformation, where in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis reveals, for the first time, that this phase is much softer than the parent $$beta$$ phase. Instead, a combination of both oxygen addition and grain refinement is found to realize an unprecedented strength-ductility synergy in a Ti-12Mo-0.3O (wt.%) alloy. The advantageous effect of oxygen solutes in this ternary alloy is twofold. Firstly, solute oxygen largely suppresses strain-induced transformation to the $$alpha^{primeprime}$$ martensite phase, even in a fine-grained microstructure, thus avoiding the softening effect of excessive amounts of $$alpha^{primeprime}$$ martensite. Secondly, oxygen solutes readily segregate to twin boundaries, as revealed by atom probe tomography. This restricts the growth of $${332}langle113rangle$$ deformation twins, thereby promoting more extensive twin nucleation, leading to enhanced microstructural refinement. The insights from our work provide a cost-effective rationale for the design of strong yet tough metastable $$beta$$ titanium alloys, with significant implications for more widespread use of this high strength-to-weight structural material.

Journal Articles

Effect of starch retrogradation on molecular dynamics of cooked rice by quasi-elastic neutron scattering

Hirata, Yoshinobu*; Nakagawa, Hiroshi; Yamauchi, Hiroki; Kaneko, Koji; Hagihara, Masato; Yamaguchi, Hideyuki*; Omoto, Chie*; Katsuno, Nakako*; Imaizumi, Teppei*; Nishizu, Takahisa*

Food Hydrocolloids, 141, p.108728_1 - 108728_7, 2023/08

Crystallinity is reflected in the mechanical properties of foods and materials. Crystallinity should be related to the structural dynamics of starch. In this study, we used quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) to investigate changes in the molecular dynamics of cooked rice starch during retrogradation. The width of the measured QENS narrowed with retrogradation. The elastic incoherent structure factor (EISF) increased, which indicated that the molecular dynamics are spatially suppressed upon retrogradation. Analysis of EISF with a bimodal continuous diffusion model, where low and high mobilities are assumed to correspond to crystalline and amorphous phases, respectively, showed that the fraction of the low-mobility component increases with retrogradation.

Journal Articles

Incommensurate nature of the antiferromagnetic order in GdCu$$_2$$

Kaneko, Koji; Tabata, Chihiro; Hagihara, Masato; Yamauchi, Hiroki; Kubota, Masato; Osakabe, Toyotaka; Onuki, Yoshichika*

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 92(8), p.085001_1 - 085001_2, 2023/08

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

High-temperature creep properties of 9Cr-ODS tempered martensitic steel and quantitative correlation with its nanometer-scale structure

Otsuka, Satoshi; Shizukawa, Yuta; Tanno, Takashi; Imagawa, Yuya; Hashidate, Ryuta; Yano, Yasuhide; Onizawa, Takashi; Kaito, Takeji; Onuma, Masato*; Mitsuhara, Masatoshi*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 60(3), p.288 - 298, 2023/03

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:80.29(Nuclear Science & Technology)

JAEA has been developing 9Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) tempered martensitic steel(TMS) as a candidate material for the fuel cladding tubes of sodium-cooled fast reactors(SFRs). The reliable prediction of in-reactor creep-rupture strength is critical for implementing the 9Cr-ODS TMS cladding tube in the SFR. This study investigated the quantitative correlation between the creep properties of 9Cr-ODS TMS at 700 $$^{circ}$$C and the dispersions of nanosized oxides by analyzing the creep data and the material's nanostructure. The possibility of deriving a formula for estimating the in-reactor creep properties of 9Cr-ODS TMSs based on an analysis of the nanostructure of neutron-irradiated 9Cr-ODS TMSs was also discussed. The creep properties of 9Cr-ODS TMS at 700 $$^{circ}$$C closely correlated with the dispersion of nanosized oxide particles. The correlation between creep-rupture lives and nanosized oxide particle dispersion was determined using existing creep models. The elucidation of correlation between the stress exponent of secondary creep rate and the nanostructure is essential to enhance future modeling reliability and formulation.

Journal Articles

High temperature mechanical properties and microstructure in 9Cr or 12Cr oxide dispersion strengthened steels

Mitsuhara, Masatoshi*; Kurino, Koichi*; Yano, Yasuhide; Otsuka, Satoshi; Toyama, Takeshi*; Onuma, Masato*; Nakashima, Hideharu*

Tetsu To Hagane, 109(3), p.189 - 200, 2023/03

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)

Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) ferritic steel, a candidate material for fast reactor fuel cladding, has low thermal expansion, good thermal conductivity, and excellent resistance to irradiation damage and high temperature strength. The origin of the excellent high-temperature strength lies in the dispersion of fine oxides. In this study, creep tests at 700 or 750$$^{circ}$$C, which are close to the operating temperatures of fast reactors, and high-temperature tensile tests at 900 to 1350 $$^{circ}$$C, which simulate accident conditions, were conducted on 9Cr ODS ferritic steels, M11 and MP23, and 12Cr ODS ferritic steel, F14, to confirm the growth behavior of oxides. In the M11 and F14 creep test samples, there was little oxide growth or decrease in number density from the initial state, indicating that dispersion strengthening by oxides was effective during deformation. After creep deformation of F14, the development of dislocation substructures such as dislocation walls and subgrain boundaries was hardly observed, and mobile dislocations were homogeneously distributed in the grains. The dislocation density increased with increasing stress during the creep test. In the high-temperature ring tensile tests of MP23 and F14, the strength of both steels decreased at higher temperatures. In MP23, elongation decreased with increasing test temperature from 900 to 1100 $$^{circ}$$C, but increased at 1200 $$^{circ}$$C, decreased drastically at 1250 $$^{circ}$$C, and increased again at 1300 $$^{circ}$$C. In F14, elongation decreased with increasing temperature. It was inferred that the formation of the $$delta$$-ferrite phase was responsible for this complex change in mechanical properties of MP23 from 1200 to 1300 $$^{circ}$$C.

Journal Articles

Grain refinement in titanium prevents low temperature oxygen embrittlement

Chong, Y.*; Gholizadeh, R.*; Tsuru, Tomohito; Zhang, R.*; Inoue, Koji*; Gao, W.*; Godfrey, A.*; Mitsuhara, Masatoshi*; Morris, J. W. Jr.*; Minor, A. M.*; et al.

Nature Communications (Internet), 14, p.404_1 - 404_11, 2023/02

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:93.17

Interstitial oxygen embrittles titanium, particularly at cryogenic temperatures, which necessitates a stringent control of oxygen content in fabricating titanium and its alloys. Here, we propose a structural strategy, via grain refinement, to alleviate this problem. Compared to a coarse-grained counterpart that is extremely brittle at 77K, the uniform elongation of an ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure (grain size $$sim$$2.0 $$mu$$m) in Ti-0.3wt.%O was successfully increased by an order of magnitude, maintaining an ultrahigh yield strength inherent to the UFG microstructure. This unique strength-ductility synergy in UFG Ti-0.3wt.%O was achieved via the combined effects of diluted grain boundary segregation of oxygen that helps to improve the grain boundary cohesive energy and enhanced $$<c+a>$$ dislocation activities that contribute to the excellent strain hardening ability. The present strategy could not only boost the potential applications of high strength Ti-O alloys at low temperatures, but could also be applied to other alloy systems, where interstitial solution hardening results into an undesirable loss of ductility.

Journal Articles

Spin gap in the weakly interacting quantum spin chain antiferromagnet KCuPO$$_{4}$$$$cdot$$H$$_{2}$$O

Fujihara, Masayoshi; Hagihara, Masato; Morita, Katsuhiro*; Murai, Naoki; Koda, Akihiro*; Okabe, Hirotaka*; Mitsuda, Setsuo*

Physical Review B, 107(5), p.054435_1 - 054435_8, 2023/02

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

The $$S$$ = 1/2 Heisenberg linear chain antiferromagnet is the simplest spin model; nevertheless it serves as a platform for various quantum many-body phenomena. Here, we report the magnetic behavior of a quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet KCuPO$$_{4}$$$$cdot$$H$$_{2}$$O. A long-range commensurate antiferromagnetic order with ordered moment 0.31(1) $$mu_{rm{B}}$$ per spin occurs at $$T_{rm{N}}$$ = 11.7(1) K. Above $$T_{rm{N}}$$, the inelastic neutron excitation is characterized by a two spinon continuum. The intrachain interaction $$J$$ and interchain interaction $$|J'|$$ are estimated to be 172 K and 4.25(4) K, respectively; thus the ratio of the $$|J'|$$/$$J$$ = 0.0247(3). At lower energies, below $$T_{rm{N}}$$, a spin gap is observed in the dispersive excitations. These results are consistent with characteristics observed in weakly interacting $$S$$ = 1/2 Heisenberg chain system.

Journal Articles

Ferroaxial transitions in glaserite-type compounds; Database screening, phonon calculations, and experimental verification

Yamagishi, Shigetada*; Hayashida, Takeshi*; Misawa, Ryusuke*; Kimura, Kenta*; Hagihara, Masato; Murata, Tomoki*; Hirose, Sakyo*; Kimura, Tsuyoshi*

Chemistry of Materials, 35(2), p.747 - 754, 2023/01

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:93.17(Chemistry, Physical)

Journal Articles

A Statistical approach for modelling the effect of hot press conditions on the mechanical strength properties of HTGR fuel elements

Aihara, Jun; Kuroda, Masatoshi*; Tachibana, Yukio

Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 9(4), p.21-00424_1 - 21-00424_13, 2022/08

It is important to improve oxidation resistance of fuel for huge oxygen ingress into core to improve safety of high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs), because almost volume of cores of HTGRs consist of graphite. In this study, simulated oxidation resistant fuel elements, of which matrix is mixture of SiC and graphite, has been fabricated by hot press method. In order to maintain structural integrity of fuel element under accident conditions, high-strength fuel elements should be developed. In order to identify optimal hot press conditions for preparing high-strength fuel elements, effect of hot press conditions on mechanical strength properties of fuel elements should be evaluated quantitatively. In the present study, response surface model, which represents relationship between hot press conditions and mechanical strength properties, has been constructed by introducing statistical design of experiments (DOE) approaches, and optimal hot press conditions were estimated by model.

Journal Articles

Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors

Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Morishita, Masaki*; Aizawa, Kosuke; Ando, Masanori; Ashida, Takashi; Chikazawa, Yoshitaka; Doda, Norihiro; Enuma, Yasuhiro; Ezure, Toshiki; Fukano, Yoshitaka; et al.

Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors; JSME Series in Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation, Vol.3, 631 Pages, 2022/07

This book is a collection of the past experience of design, construction, and operation of two reactors, the latest knowledge and technology for SFR designs, and the future prospects of SFR development in Japan. It is intended to provide the perspective and the relevant knowledge to enable readers to become more familiar with SFR technology.

Journal Articles

A Design study on a metal fuel fast reactor core for high efficiency minor actinide transmutation by loading silicon carbide composite material

Ohgama, Kazuya; Hara, Toshiharu*; Ota, Hirokazu*; Naganuma, Masayuki; Oki, Shigeo; Iizuka, Masatoshi*

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 59(6), p.735 - 747, 2022/06

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:33.72(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Journal Articles

Improvement of neutron diffraction at compact accelerator-driven neutron source RANS using peak profile deconvolution and delayed neutron reduction for stress measurements

Iwamoto, Chihiro*; Takamura, Masato*; Ueno, Kota*; Kataoka, Minami*; Kurihara, Ryo*; Xu, P. G.; Otake, Yoshie*

ISIJ International, 62(5), p.1013 - 1022, 2022/05

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:34.75(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)

Journal Articles

Hyperfine splitting and nuclear spin polarization in NdPd$$_5$$Al$$_2$$ and Nd$$_3$$Pd$$_{20}$$Ge$$_6$$

Metoki, Naoto; Shibata, Kaoru; Matsuura, Masato*; Kitazawa, Hideaki*; Suzuki, Hiroyuki*; Yamauchi, Hiroki; Hagihara, Masato; Frontzek, M. D.*; Matsuda, Masaaki*

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 91(5), p.054710_1 - 054710_6, 2022/05

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Hyperfine splitting of Nd nuclei in NdPd$$_5$$Al$$_2$$ has been studied by means of high-resolution neutron spectroscopy. We observed inelastic peaks at $$hbaromega =pm3;{mu}$$eV coming from the hyperfine splitting in the magnetically ordered phase due to the hyperfine interactions between Nd nuclei ($$I$$=7/2) and the 4$$f$$ electrons with $$Gamma_6$$ ground state composed of mainly $$|pm9/2rangle$$. At very low temperatures, nuclear spin of Nd is polarized with increasing occupation probability of low energy levels and contributes to the enhancement of the antiferromagnetic Bragg intensities: the elastic non-spin-flip channel is dominant. As an application of this phenomenon, we determined the Nd moment and hyperfine splitting from the temperature dependence of an antiferromagnetic Bragg intensities for Nd$$_3$$Pd$$_{20}$$Ge$$_6$$.

Journal Articles

Magnetism of Al$$_{x}$$Fe$$_{2-x}$$GeO$$_{5}$$ with andalusite structure

Kakimoto, Kazuo*; Takada, Saki*; Ota, Hiroto*; Hayaguchi, Yuya*; Hagihara, Masato; Torii, Shuki*; Kamiyama, Takashi*; Mitamura, Hiroyuki*; Tokunaga, Masashi*; Hatakeyama, Atsushi*; et al.

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 91(5), p.054704_1 - 054704_7, 2022/05

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:29.72(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

Sinusoidal magnetic structure of andalusite-type AlxFe$$_{2}$$-xGeO$$_{5}$$ with $$x$$ = 0.09 and 0.15

Kakimoto, Kazuo*; Ota, Hiroto*; Haraguchi, Yuya*; Hagihara, Masato; Torii, Shuki*; Kamiyama, Takashi*; Katori, Hiroko*

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 91(5), p.054707_1 - 054707_9, 2022/05

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

Structural phase transition in cobalt oxyfluoride Co$$_{3}$$Sb$$_{4}$$O$$_{6}$$F$$_{6}$$ observed by high-resolution synchrotron and neutron diffraction

Shimono, Seiya*; Ishibashi, Hiroki*; Nagayoshi, Yusuke*; Ikeno, Hidekazu*; Kawaguchi, Shogo*; Hagihara, Masato; Torii, Shuki*; Kamiyama, Takashi*; Ichihashi, Katsuya*; Nishihara, Sadafumi*; et al.

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 163, p.110568_1 - 110568_7, 2022/04

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:17.17(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

A Storm-induced flood and associated nearshore dispersal of the river-derived suspended $$^{137}$$Cs

Uchiyama, Yusuke*; Tokunaga, Natsuki*; Azuma, Kohei*; Kamidaira, Yuki; Tsumune, Daisuke*; Iwasaki, Toshiki*; Yamada, Masatoshi*; Tateda, Yutaka*; Ishimaru, Takashi*; Ito, Yukari*; et al.

Science of the Total Environment, 816, p.151573_1 - 151573_13, 2022/04

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:71.31(Environmental Sciences)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Contrasting magnetic structures in SrLaCuSbO$$_{6}$$ and SrLaCuNbO$$_{6}$$; Spin-$$frac{1}{2}$$ quasi-square-lattice $$J_{1}$$-$$J_{2}$$ Heisenberg antiferromagnets

Watanabe, Masari*; Kurita, Nubuyuki*; Tanaka, Hidekazu*; Ueno, Wataru*; Matsui, Kazuki*; Goto, Takayuki*; Hagihara, Masato

Physical Review B, 105(5), p.054414_1 - 054414_12, 2022/02

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:61.85(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

Seismic classification of high temperature engineering test reactor

Ono, Masato; Shimizu, Atsushi; Ohashi, Hirofumi; Hamamoto, Shimpei; Inoi, Hiroyuki; Tokuhara, Kazumi*; Nomoto, Yasunobu*; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Iigaki, Kazuhiko; Shinozaki, Masayuki

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 386, p.111585_1 - 111585_9, 2022/01

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In the late 1980s during the design stage, the seismic classification of the high temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR) was formulated. Owing to the lack of operation experiences of the HTTR to sufficiently understand the safety characteristics of high temperature gas cooled reactors (HTGR) at that time, the seismic classification of commercial light water reactors (LWR) was applied to HTTR. However, the subsequent operation experiences and test results using HTTR made it clear that the seismic classification of commercial LWR was somewhat too conservative for the HTGR. As a result, Class S facilities were downgraded compared to the commercial LWR. Moreover, the validity of the new seismic classification is confirmed. In June 2020, the Nuclear Regulatory Authority approved that the result of the seismic classification conformed to the standard rules of the reactor installation change.

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