Parameter optimization for urban wind simulation using ensemble Kalman filter

Onodera, Naoyuki; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Hasegawa, Yuta; Asahi, Yuichi; Inagaki, Atsushi*; Shimose, Kenichi*; Hirano, Kohin*

Keisan Kogaku Koenkai Rombunshu (CD-ROM), 28, 4 Pages, 2023/05

We have developed a multi-scale wind simulation code named CityLBM that can resolve entire cities to detailed streets. CityLBM enables a real time ensemble simulation for several km square area by applying the locally mesh-refined lattice Boltzmann method on GPU supercomputers. On the other hand, real-world wind simulations contain complex boundary conditions that cannot be modeled, so data assimilation techniques are needed to reflect observed data in the simulation. This study proposes an optimization method for ground surface temperature bias based on an ensemble Kalman filter to reproduce wind conditions within urban city blocks. As a verification of CityLBM, an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) is conducted for the central Tokyo area to estimate boundary conditions from observed near-surface temperature values.

Investigation of hydrogen superoxide adsorption during ORR on Pt/C catalyst in acidic solution for PEFC by high energy resolution XAFS

Yamamoto, Naoki*; Matsumura, Daiju; Hagihara, Yuto*; Tanaka, Kei*; Hasegawa, Yuta*; Ishii, Kenji*; Tanaka, Hirohisa*

Journal of Power Sources, 557, p.232508_1 - 232508_10, 2023/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232508

Data assimilation of three-dimensional turbulent flow using lattice Boltzmann method and local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LBM-LETKF)

Hasegawa, Yuta; Onodera, Naoyuki; Asahi, Yuichi; Idomura, Yasuhiro

Dai-36-Kai Suchi Ryutai Rikigaku Shimpojiumu Koen Rombunshu (Internet), 5 Pages, 2022/12

This study implemented and tested the ensemble data assimilation (DA) of turbulent flows using the lattice Boltzmann method and the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LBM-LETKF). The computational code was implemented fully on GPUs. The test was carried out for the 3D turbulent flow around a square cylinder with meshes and 32 ensemble members using 32 GPUs. The time interval of the DA in the test was a half of the period of the Kalman vortex shedding. The normalized mean absolute errors (NMAE) of the lift coefficient were 132%, 148%, and 13.2% for the non-DA case, the nudging case (a simpler DA algorithm), and the LETKF case, respectively. It was found that the LETKF achieved good DA accuracy even though the observation was not frequent enough for the small scale turbulence, while the nudging showed systematic delays in its solution, and could not keep the DA accurately.

Development of local-scale high-resolution atmospheric dispersion and dose assessment system

Nakayama, Hiromasa; Onodera, Naoyuki; Satoh, Daiki; Nagai, Haruyasu; Hasegawa, Yuta; Idomura, Yasuhiro

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 59(10), p.1314 - 1329, 2022/10

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2022.2038302

We developed a local-scale high-resolution atmospheric dispersion and dose assessment system (LHADDAS) for safety and consequence assessment of nuclear facilities and emergency response to nuclear accidents or deliberate releases of radioactive materials in built-up urban areas. This system is composed of pre-processing of input files, main calculation by local-scale high-resolution atmospheric dispersion model using large-eddy simulation (LOHDIM-LES) and real-time urban dispersion simulation model based on a lattice Boltzmann method (CityLBM), and post-processing of dose-calculation by simulation code powered by lattice dose-response functions (SIBYL). LHADDAS has a broad utility and offers superior performance in (1) simulating turbulent flows, plume dispersion, and dry deposition under realistic meteorological conditions, (2) performing real-time tracer dispersion simulations using a locally mesh-refined lattice Boltzmann method, and (3) estimating air dose rates of radionuclides from air concentrations and surface deposition in consideration of the influence of individual buildings and structures. This system is promising for safety assessment of nuclear facilities as an alternative to wind tunnel experiments, detailed pre/post-analyses of a local-scale radioactive plume dispersion in case of nuclear accidents, and quick response to emergency situations resulting from deliberate release of radioactive materials by a terrorist attack in an urban central district area.

Parameter optimization for generating atmospheric boundary layers by using the locally mesh-refined lattice Boltzmann method

Onodera, Naoyuki; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Hasegawa, Yuta; Shimokawabe, Takashi*; Aoki, Takayuki*

Keisan Kogaku Koenkai Rombunshu (CD-ROM), 27, 4 Pages, 2022/06

We have developed a wind simulation code named CityLBM to realize wind digital twins. Mesoscale wind conditions are given as boundary conditions in CityLBM by using a nudging data assimilation method. It is found that conventional approaches with constant nudging coefficients fail to reproduce turbulent intensity in long time simulations, where atmospheric stability conditions change significantly. We propose a dynamic parameter optimization method for the nudging coefficient based on a particle filter. CityLBM was validated against plume dispersion experiments in the complex urban environment of Oklahoma City. The nudging coefficient was updated to reduce the error of the turbulent intensity between the simulation and the observation, and the atmospheric boundary layer was reproduced throughout the day.

GPU optimization of lattice Boltzmann method with local ensemble transform Kalman filter

Hasegawa, Yuta; Imamura, Toshiyuki*; Ina, Takuya; Onodera, Naoyuki; Asahi, Yuichi; Idomura, Yasuhiro

Proceedings of 13th Workshop on Latest Advances in Scalable Algorithms for Large-Scale Heterogeneous Systems (ScalAH22) (Internet), p.10 - 17, 2022/00

https://doi.org/10.1109/ScalAH56622.2022.00007

The ensemble data assimilation of computational fluid dynamics simulations based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) is implemented and optimized on a GPU supercomputer based on NVIDIA A100 GPUs. To connect the LBM and LETKF parts, data transpose communication is optimized by overlapping computation, file I/O, and communication based on data dependency in each LETKF kernel. In two dimensional forced isotropic turbulence simulations with the ensemble size of and the number of grid points of , the optimized implementation achieved speedup from the naive implementation, in which the LETKF part is not parallelized. The main computing kernel of the local problem is the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of real symmetric dense matrices, which is computed by a newly developed batched EVD in EigenG. The batched EVD in EigenG outperforms that in cuSolver, and speedup was achieved.

Tree cutting approach for domain partitioning on forest-of-octrees-based block-structured static adaptive mesh refinement with lattice Boltzmann method

Hasegawa, Yuta; Aoki, Takayuki*; Kobayashi, Hiromichi*; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Onodera, Naoyuki

Parallel Computing, 108, p.102851_1 - 102851_12, 2021/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parco.2021.102851

The aerodynamics simulation code based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) using forest-of-octrees-based block-structured local mesh refinement (LMR) was implemented, and its performance was evaluated on GPU-based supercomputers. We found that the conventional Space-Filling-Curve-based (SFC) domain partitioning algorithm results in costly halo communication in our aerodynamics simulations. Our new tree cutting approach improved the locality and the topology of the partitioned sub-domains and reduced the communication cost to one-third or one-fourth of the original SFC approach. In the strong scaling test, the code achieved maximum speedup at the performance of 2207 MLUPS (mega- lattice update per second) on 128 GPUs. In the weak scaling test, the code achieved 9620 MLUPS at 128 GPUs with 4.473 billion grid points, while the parallel efficiency was 93.4% from 8 to 128 GPUs.

Real-time tracer dispersion simulations in Oklahoma City using the locally mesh-refined lattice Boltzmann method

Onodera, Naoyuki; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Hasegawa, Yuta; Nakayama, Hiromasa; Shimokawabe, Takashi*; Aoki, Takayuki*

Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 179(2), p.187 - 208, 2021/05

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-020-00594-x

A plume dispersion simulation code named CityLBM enables a real time simulation for several km by applying adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method on GPU supercomputers. We assess plume dispersion problems in the complex urban environment of Oklahoma City (JU2003). Realistic mesoscale wind boundary conditions of JU2003 produced by a Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF), building structures, and a plant canopy model are introduced to CityLBM. Ensemble calculations are performed to reduce turbulence uncertainties. The statistics of the plume dispersion field, mean and max concentrations show that ensemble calculations improve the accuracy of the estimation, and the ensemble-averaged concentration values in the simulations over 4 km areas with 2-m resolution satisfied factor 2 agreements for 70% of 24 target measurement points and periods in JU2003.

Acceleration of locally mesh allocated Poisson solver using mixed precision

Onodera, Naoyuki; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Hasegawa, Yuta; Shimokawabe, Takashi*; Aoki, Takayuki*

Keisan Kogaku Koenkai Rombunshu (CD-ROM), 26, 3 Pages, 2021/05

We develop a mixed-precision preconditioner for the pressure Poisson equation in a two-phase flow CFD code JUPITER-AMR. The multi-grid (MG) preconditioner is constructed based on the geometric MG method with a three- stage V-cycle, and a cache-reuse SOR (CR-SOR) method at each stage. The numerical experiments are conducted for two-phase flows in a fuel bundle of a nuclear reactor. The MG-CG solver in single-precision shows the same convergence histories as double-precision, which is about 75% of the computational time in double-precision. In the strong scaling test, the MG-CG solver in single-precision is accelerated by 1.88 times between 32 and 96 GPUs.

GPU acceleration of multigrid preconditioned conjugate gradient solver on block-structured Cartesian grid

Onodera, Naoyuki; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Hasegawa, Yuta; Yamashita, Susumu; Shimokawabe, Takashi*; Aoki, Takayuki*

Proceedings of International Conference on High Performance Computing in Asia-Pacific Region (HPC Asia 2021) (Internet), p.120 - 128, 2021/01

https://doi.org/10.1145/3432261.3432273

We develop a multigrid preconditioned conjugate gradient (MG-CG) solver for the pressure Poisson equation in a two-phase flow CFD code JUPITER. The MG preconditioner is constructed based on the geometric MG method with a three-stage V-cycle, and a RB-SOR smoother and its variant with cache-reuse optimization (CR-SOR) are applied at each stage. The numerical experiments are conducted for two-phase flows in a fuel bundle of a nuclear reactor. The MG-CG solvers with the RB-SOR and CR-SOR smoothers reduce the number of iterations to less than 15% and 9% of the original preconditioned CG method, leading to 3.1- and 5.9-times speedups, respectively. The obtained performance indicates that the MG-CG solver designed for the block-structured grid is highly efficient and enables large-scale simulations of two-phase flows on GPU based supercomputers.