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Snyder, P. B.*; Aiba, Nobuyuki; Beurskens, M.*; Groebner, R. J.*; Horton, L. D.*; Hubbard, A. E.*; Hughes, J. W.*; Huysmans, G. T. A.*; Kamada, Yutaka; Kirk, A.*; et al.
Nuclear Fusion, 49(8), p.085035_1 - 085035_8, 2009/08
Times Cited Count：170 Percentile：98.64(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)The pressure at the top of the edge transport barrier impacts fusion performance, while large ELMs can constrain material lifetimes. Investigation of intermediate wavelength MHD mode has led to improved understanding of the pedestal height and the mechanism for ELMs. The combination of high resolution diagnostics and a suite of stability codes has made edge stability analysis routine, and contribute both to understanding, and to experimental planning and performance optimization. Here we present extensive comparisons of observations to predicted edge stability boundaries on several tokamaks, both for the standard (Type I) ELM regime, and for small ELM and ELM-free regimes. We further discuss a new predictive model for the pedestal height and width (EPED1), developed by self-consistently combining a simple width model with peeling-ballooning stability calculations. This model is tested against experimental measurements, and used in initial predictions of the pedestal height for ITER.
Sips, A. C. C.*; Casper, T.*; Doyle, E. J.*; Giruzzi, G.*; Gribov, Y.*; Hobirk, J.*; Hogeweij, G. M. D.*; Horton, L. D.*; Hubbard, A. E.*; Hutchinson, I.*; et al.
Nuclear Fusion, 49(8), p.085015_1 - 085015_11, 2009/08
Times Cited Count：53 Percentile：87.31(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Key parts of the ITER scenarios are determined by the capability of the proposed poloidal field (PF) coil set. They include the plasma breakdown at low loop voltage, the current rise phase, the performance during the flat top (FT) phase and a ramp down of the plasma. The ITER discharge evolution has been verified in dedicated experiments. New data are obtained from C-Mod, ASDEX Upgrade, DIII-D, JT-60U and JET. Results show that breakdown for 
0.23-0.33 V m
is possible unassisted (ohmic) for large devices like JET and attainable in devices with a capability of using ECRH assist. For the current ramp up, good control of the plasma inductance is obtained using a full bore plasma shape with early X-point formation. This allows optimization of the flux usage from the PF set. Additional heating keeps 
(3) 0.85 during the ramp up to 
= 3. A rise phase with an H-mode transition is capable of achieving (3) 0.7 at the start of the FT. Operation of the H-mode reference scenario at 
3 and the hybrid scenario at = 4-4.5 during the FT phase is documented, providing data for the (3) evolution after the H-mode transition and the (3) evolution after a back-transition to L-mode. During the ITER ramp down it is important to remain diverted and to reduce the elongation. The inductance could be kept 
1.2 during the first half of the current decay, using a slow 
ramp down, but still consuming flux from the transformer. Alternatively, the discharges can be kept in H-mode during most of the ramp down, requiring significant amounts of additional heating.
Snyder, P. B.*; Aiba, Nobuyuki; Beurskens, M.*; Groebner, R. J.*; Horton, L. D.*; Hubbard, A. E.*; Hughes, J. W.*; Huysmans, G. T. A.*; Kamada, Yutaka; Kirk, A.*; et al.
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
Investigation of intermediate wavelength MHD modes has led to improved understanding of important constraints on the pedestal height and the mechanism for ELMs. The combination of high resolution pedestal diagnostics and a suite of highly efficient stability codes, has made edge stability analysis routine on several major tokamaks, contributing both to understanding, and to experimental planning and performance optimization. Here we present extensive comparisons of observations to predicted edge stability boundaries on several tokamaks, both for the standard ELM regime, and for small ELM and ELM-free regimes. We further use the stability constraint on pedestal height to test models of the pedestal width, and self-consistently combine a simple width model with MHD stability calculations to develop a new predictive model (EPED1) for the pedestal height and width. This model is tested against experimental measurements, and used in initial predictions of the pedestal height for ITER.
Sips, A. C. C.*; Casper, T. A.*; Doyle, E. J.*; Giruzzi, G.*; Gribov, Y.*; Hobirk, J.*; Hogeweij, G. M. D.*; Horton, L. D.*; Hubbard, A. E.*; Hutchinson, I.*; et al.
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
The ITER discharge evolution has been verified in dedicated experiments. Results show that breakdown at E 0.23-0.32 V/m is possible un-assisted (ohmic) for large devices like JET and attainable in all devices with ECRH assist. For the current ramp up, good control of the plasma inductance is obtained using a full bore plasma shape with early X-point formation. Operation of the H-mode reference scenario at q = 3 and the hybrid scenario at q95=4-4.5 during the flat top phase was documented. Specific studies during the flat top phase provide data for the li evolution after the H-mode transition and the li evolution after a back-transition to L-mode. During the ITER ramp down it is important to remain diverted and to reduce the elongation.
Yamasaki, Chisato*; Murakami, Katsuhiko*; Fujii, Yasuyuki*; Sato, Yoshiharu*; Harada, Erimi*; Takeda, Junichi*; Taniya, Takayuki*; Sakate, Ryuichi*; Kikugawa, Shingo*; Shimada, Makoto*; et al.
Nucleic Acids Research, 36(Database), p.D793 - D799, 2008/01
Times Cited Count：51 Percentile：71.25(Biochemistry & Molecular Biology)Here we report the new features and improvements in our latest release of the H-Invitational Database, a comprehensive annotation resource for human genes and transcripts. H-InvDB, originally developed as an integrated database of the human transcriptome based on extensive annotation of large sets of fulllength cDNA (FLcDNA) clones, now provides annotation for 120 558 human mRNAs extracted from the International Nucleotide Sequence Databases (INSD), in addition to 54 978 human FLcDNAs, in the latest release H-InvDB. We mapped those human transcripts onto the human genome sequences (NCBI build 36.1) and determined 34 699 human gene clusters, which could define 34 057 protein-coding and 642 non-protein-coding loci; 858 transcribed loci overlapped with predicted pseudogenes.
Kamada, Yutaka; Leonard, A. W.*; Bateman, G.*; Becoulet, M.*; Chang, C. S.*; Eich, T.*; Evans, T. E.*; Groebner, R. J.*; Guzdar, P. N.*; Horton, L. D.*; et al.
Proceedings of 21st IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2006) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2007/03
no abstracts in English
Oyama, Naoyuki; Gohil, P.*; Horton, L. D.*; Hubbard, A. E.*; Hughes, J. W.*; Kamada, Yutaka; Kamiya, Kensaku; Leonard, A. W.*; Loarte, A.*; Maingi, R.*; et al.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 48(5A), p.A171 - A181, 2006/05
Times Cited Count：81 Percentile：92.09(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)no abstracts in English
Leonard, A. W.*; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Boedo, J. A.*; Becoulet, M.*; Counsell, G. F.*; Eich, T.*; Fundamenski, W.*; Herrmann, A.*; Horton, L. D.*; Kamada, Yutaka; et al.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 48(5A), p.A149 - A162, 2006/05
Times Cited Count：40 Percentile：78.1(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)This report summarizes Type I edge localized mode (ELM) dynamics measurements from a number of tokamaks. Several transport mechanisms are conjectured to be responsible for ELM transport, including convective transport due to filamentary structures ejected from the pedestal, parallel transport due to edge ergodization or magnetic reconnection and turbulent transport driven by the high edge gradients when the radial electric field shear is suppressed. The experimental observations are assessed for their validation, or conflict, with these ELM transport conjectures.
Stober, J.*; Lomas, P. J.*; Saibene, G.*; Andrew, Y.*; Belo, P.*; Conway, G. D.*; Herrmann, A.*; Horton, L. D.*; Kempenaars, M.*; Koslowski, H.-R.*; et al.
Nuclear Fusion, 45(11), p.1213 - 1223, 2005/11
Times Cited Count：40 Percentile：76.37(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)no abstracts in English
Urano, Hajime; Kamada, Yutaka; Takizuka, Tomonori; Suttrop, W.*; Horton, L.*; Lang, P.*; Kubo, Hirotaka; Oyama, Naoyuki; Takenaga, Hidenobu; Asakura, Nobuyuki
Purazuma, Kaku Yugo Gakkai-Shi, 81(4), p.280 - 287, 2005/04
Role of the pedestal structure in ELMy H-mode plasmas for the core energy confinement and for the ELM energy losses have been investigated in JT-60U and ASDEX Upgrade. The confinement degradation seen at higher densities is attributed to the reduction of the pedestal temperature limited by the ELM activities and the stiffness of the temperature profiles. In high triangularity or impurity seeded H-modes, in which higher energy confinement is generally achieved, higher pedestal temperature is obtained by the improvement of the edge MHD stability or the density profile peaking, respectively. The upper bound of the ELM energy loss is characterised by the pedestal energy. The energy transport in between ELMs enhanced with increasing the pedestal collisionality reduces the ELM loss power fraction. It is also shown in ASDEX Upgrade that the continuous pellet injection is valid for the integrated performance of smaller ELM losses and favourable core confinement.
B
coulet, M.*; Huysmans, G.*; Sarazin, Y.*; Garbet, X.*; Ghendrih, P.*; Rimini, F.*; Joffrin, E.*; Litaudon, X.*; Monier-Garbet, P.*; An, J.-M.*; et al.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 45(12A), p.A93 - A113, 2003/12
Times Cited Count：84 Percentile：91.17(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)no abstracts in English
Ongena, J.*; Budny, R.*; Dumortier, P.*; Jackson, G. L.*; Kubo, Hirotaka; Messiaen, A. M.*; Murakami, Masanori*; Strachan, J. D.*; Sydora, R.*; Tokar, M.*; et al.
Physics of Plasmas, 8(5), p.2188 - 2198, 2001/05
Times Cited Count：49 Percentile：79.8(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)no abstracts in English
measurements in the JET divertor with the divertor periscope diagnosticLoarer, T.*; Horton, L. D.*; Kubo, Hirotaka; Maggi, C. F.*; Morgen, P. D.*; Stamp, M. F.*; Von Hellermann, M.*
JET-R-99-05, p.1 - 20, 1999/09
no abstracts in English
