High temperature reaction of multiple eutectic-component system; The Case of solid metallic Zr and molten stainless steel-BC

墨田 岳大; 小畠 雅明; 高野 公秀; 池田 篤史

Materialia, 20, p.101197_1 - 101197_11, 2021/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2021.101197

The eutectic melting, one of the fundamental phenomena in high temperature reactions involving liquid phases, is a primitive but important subject for both scientific and industrial fields associated with metallurgy. The present study aims at revealing the formation and reaction mechanisms of the multiple eutectic-component system consisting of solid metallic Zr and molten stainless steel- boron carbide (SS-BC) by combining multiple analytical methods (i.e. powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (D-SIMS)) with thermodynamical consideration. The results indicate that the solidified Zr-SS-BC mixture is composed of major phases of (Fe,Cr)Zr, (Fe,Cr,Ni)Zr, (Ni,Fe)Zr, ZrB, and a minor phase of ZrC. The results also reveal that the eutectic melting between solid metallic Zr and molten SS-BC can be described as the combination of diffusion kinetics and thermodynamic stability. That is, the initial formation of ZrC and ZrB layers at the reaction interface significantly retards the diffusion of other SS-BC components (i.e. Cr, Fe, and Ni) into solid metallic Zr.

Solidification and re-melting mechanisms of SUS-BC eutectic mixture

墨田 岳大; 北垣 徹; 高野 公秀; 池田 篤史

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 543, p.152527_1 - 152527_15, 2021/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152527

Fundamental understanding of the high-temperature interaction between stainless steel (SUS) and BC is indispensable for estimating and characterizing the fuel debris generated during severe accidents of boiling water reactors (BWR), such as Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS, also referred to as "1F") in Japan. This study aims at systematically characterizing the solidified products of molten SUS-BC mixtures by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) with a range of the BC content relevant to the fuel debris composition expected at 1F, in order to elucidate the solidification and re-melting mechanisms. The results indicated that -Fe and (Cr,Fe)B are the major solidified phases when the BC content is below 3 mass%, while (Cr,Fe)(C,B) is formed as an additional third phase when the BC content exceeds 3 mass%. The solidification of molten SUS-BC mixture and re-melting of solidified SUS-BC melt are eutectic, which is mainly controlled by the pseudo-binary Fe-B system that is influenced by the C and Cr content and additional minor components such as Mo.

Systematic comparison of the structure of homoleptic tetradentate NO-type Schiff base complexes of tetravalent f-elements (M(IV) = Ce, Th, U, Np, and Pu) in solid state and in solution

Radoske, T.*; Kloditz, R.*; Fichter, S.*; Mrz, J.*; Kaden, P.*; Patzschke, M.*; Schmidt, M.*; Stumpf, T.*; Walter, O.*; 池田 篤史

Dalton Transactions (Internet), 49(48), p.17559 - 17570, 2020/12

https://doi.org/10.1039/d0dt03405c

A series of tetradentate NO-type Schiff base complexes with tetravalent 4f- and 5f-block metals, [M(salpn)] (Hsalpn = -disalicylidene-1,3-diaminopropane; M = Ce, Th, U, Np, and Pu), were prepared to systematically investigate their solid state structure, and their complexation behaviour in solution with the goal to investigate the subtle differences between 4f- and 5f-elements. X-ray diffraction revealed that all investigated metal cations form [M(salpn)] complexes. All the complexes show the same ligand arrangement with meridional conformation, amongst which only Ce(IV) exhibits unique behaviour upon crystallisation. [Ce(salpn)] crystallises in two less symmetric systems ( or 2/), whilst all the other [M(salpn)] crystallise in a more symmetric orthorhombic system (ban). Quantum chemical calculations suggest that the observed structural peculiarity of Ce(IV) stems from the geometrical flexibility due to the more "ionic" nature of bonds to the 4f element. H NMR measurements revealed that [M(salpn)] forms two different species in solution with and without an additional solvent molecule, where the relative distribution of the two species depends mainly on the ionic radius of the metal centre. Again, Ce(IV) behaves differently from the tetravalent actinides with a higher ratio of the solvent-molecule-coordinated species than the ratio expected from its ionic radius. Hence, this study is successful in observing subtle differences between 4f- ( Ce) and 5f-elements (actinides; Th, U, Np, and Pu) both in the solid state and in solution on an analytically distinguishable level, and in relating the observed subtle differences to their electronic structure.

Impact of ferrous iron dosing on iron and phosphorus solids speciation and transformation in a pilot scale membrane bioreactor

Wu, H.*; Wang, Y.*; 池田 篤史; Miller, C. J.*; Waite, T. D.*

Environmental Science; Water Research & Technology, 5(8), p.1400 - 1411, 2019/08

AA2019-0201.pdf:0.72MB

https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EW00225A

排水プロセスにおける燐成分回収等の目的のため、パイロットスケールの膜分離活性汚泥排水装置に二価鉄(Fe(II))を添加した際の排水装置各部位の鉄・燐の溶存化学種をX線吸収分光(XANES/EXAFS)と因子分析法を組み合わせて検討した。

Electronic structure of the high- ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Fe)Sb; X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and resonance photoemission spectroscopy studies

坂本 祥哉*; Tu, N. T.*; 竹田 幸治; 藤森 伸一; Hai, P. N.*; Anh, L. D.*; 若林 勇希*; 芝田 悟朗*; 堀尾 眞史*; 池田 啓祐*; et al.

Physical Review B, 100(3), p.035204_1 - 035204_8, 2019/07

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.100.035204

The electronic structure and the magnetism of the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Fe)Sb, whose Curie temperature can exceed room temperature, were investigated by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and resonance photoemission spectroscopy (RPES). The line-shape analyses of the XAS and XMCD spectra suggest that the ferromagnetism is of intrinsic origin. The orbital magnetic moments deduced using XMCD sum rules were found to be large, indicating that there is a considerable 3 contribution to the ground state of Fe. From RPES, we observed a strong dispersive Auger peak and nondispersive resonantly enhanced peaks in the valence-band spectra. The latter is a fingerprint of the correlated nature of Fe 3 electrons, whereas the former indicates their itinerant nature. It was also found that the Fe 3 states have a finite contribution to the density of states at the Fermi energy. These states would be responsible for the ferromagnetic order in this material.

Local magnetic states of the weakly ferromagnetic iron-based superconductor SrVFeAsO studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism

堀尾 眞史*; 竹田 幸治; 並木 宏允*; 片桐 隆雄*; 若林 勇希*; 坂本 祥哉*; 野中 洋亮*; 芝田 悟朗*; 池田 啓祐*; 斎藤 祐児; et al.

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 87(10), p.105001_1 - 105001_2, 2018/10

https://doi.org/10.7566/JPSJ.87.105001

We have performed X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements on the iron-based superconductor SrVFeAsO to study the origin of weak ferromagnetism (WFM) reported for this compound. While Fe 3d electrons show a magnetic response similar to the other iron pnictides, signals from V 3d electrons remain finite at zero magnetic field and may be responsible for the WFM.

Experimental validation of the brightness distribution on the surfaces of coupled and decoupled moderators composed of 99.8% parahydrogen at the J-PARC pulsed spallation neutron source

原田 正英; 勅使河原 誠; 大井 元貴; Klinkby, E.*; Zanini, L.*; Batkov, K.*; 及川 健一; 藤 暢輔; 木村 敦; 池田 裕二郎

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 903, p.38 - 45, 2018/09

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.06.011

At the J-PARC pulsed spallation neutron source, liquid hydrogen moderators composed of 99.8% parahydrogen associated with light-water premoderator have been providing high intensity cold and thermal neutron beams. In the design stage, simulations have shown not only high total neutron intensity in the coupled moderator but also a local neutron-brightness increase at the edges. The edge-effect-brightness increase is also exploited in the design of the European Spallation Source (ESS) moderators, which are based on 99.8% parahydrogen, but thin (thickness: 3 cm) to enhance the neutron brightness. In this study, the spatial distribution of the neutron brightness at the surface of the coupled moderator in the J-PARC pulsed spallation neutron source was directly measured with the pinhole geometry to validate the calculated edge-brightness enhancement. The brightness distribution at the moderator surface was clearly observed as predicted by a Monte Carlo simulation, proving the validity of the simulation tools used in the design-optimization process of the J-PARC and ESS moderator.

Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, 2; Neutron scattering instruments

中島 健次; 川北 至信; 伊藤 晋一*; 阿部 淳*; 相澤 一也; 青木 裕之; 遠藤 仁*; 藤田 全基*; 舟越 賢一*; Gong, W.*; et al.

Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 1(3), p.9_1 - 9_59, 2017/12

https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs1030009

J-PARC物質・生命科学実験施設の中性子実験装置についてのレビューである。物質・生命科学実験施設には23の中性子ビームポートがあり21台の装置が設置されている。それらは、J-PARCの高性能な中性子源と最新の技術を組み合わせた世界屈指の実験装置群である。このレビューでは、装置性能や典型的な成果等について概観する。

Prospect for application of compact accelerator-based neutron source to neutron engineering diffraction

池田 義雅*; 竹谷 篤*; 高村 正人*; 須長 秀行*; 熊谷 正芳*; 大場 洋次郎*; 大竹 淑恵*; 鈴木 裕士

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 833, p.61 - 67, 2016/10

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.06.127

小型中性子源を利用した透過イメージングや小角散乱、反射率測定など、小型中性子源による工学的応用に関する議論が広まるなか、小型中性子源のフラックスの低いゆえに回折実験に関する検討はなされてこなかった。そこで本研究では、理化学研究所の小型加速器中性子源RANSを用いることにより、中性子工学回折実験への応用の可能性について検討した。まず、光学系の最適化によるバックグラウンドノイズの低減により、10分間の測定でも十分に認識可能な回折パターンを得ることができた。110回折のプロファイルから計算した分解能は約2.5%であり、中性子回折によるひずみ測定には不十分である。RANSのモデレータによる減速時間が約30sと分解能の決定に最も支配的なパラメータであることから、モデレータの改良が分解能の向上につながる。一方で、回折パターンの変化から、塑性変形に伴う集合組織の変化をとらえることに成功するとともに、リートベルトコードによる回折パターンのフィッティングにより、オーステナイト相の体積率の評価にも成功した。RANSは、集合組織や残留オーステナイト量の測定を目的とした中性子工学回折の応用に有効と考えられる。

Operator's contribution on the improvement of RII scheme against the process operation at PCDF

中村 仁宣; 清水 靖之; 牧野 理沙; 向 泰宣; 石山 港一; 栗田 勉; 池田 敦司*; 山口 勝弘*

Proceedings of INMM 57th Annual Meeting (Internet), 9 Pages, 2016/07

日本国の統合保障措置は2004年に、核燃料サイクル工学研究所(JNC-1)においては2008年より導入され、査察業務量の低減及び核物質転用に対する抑止効果を高めることを目的とし、従前の中間在庫検認(IIV)に代わり短時間通告ランダム査察(RII)が導入された。そのRII手法は運転停止中(インターキャンペーン)を想定して設計されたため、運転時は改訂が必要であった。原子力機構では再処理施設の潜在的な安全上のリスクを低減するため、2014年4月よりPCDFの運転(溶液からMOX粉末への転換)を決定したことから、運転と統合保障措置の要件を満足させる最適な査察手法の検討に着手し、検知確率を減らすことなく、査察業務量を増加させることのない新たな査察手法をIAEA及び規制庁に提案した。IAEA等との協議の結果、同提案は受け入れられ、2014年3月に導入することができた。新たな査察手法では、査察日を事前確定型への変更、推定量の核物質を低減、リモートモニタリングデータの提供の実施、運転状態確認査察の改善及び適時性をもった在庫申告等の改善を図った。その結果、在庫情報等の提供に係る業務量は若干増加したものの、統合保障措置における要件とPCDFの運転を両立させることができ、2年間の運転に対する保障措置の効果的かつ効率的な実施に貢献した。