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Journal Articles

Simulation of Lagrangian pollutant in Jakarta urban district using Lattice Boltzmann method

Yokouchi, Hiroshi*; Inagaki, Atsushi*; Kanda, Manabu*; Onodera, Naoyuki

Doboku Gakkai Rombunshu, B1 (Suikogaku) (Internet), 76(2), p.I_253 - I_258, 2020/00

Hight-resolution pollutant model embedded into Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is constructed. We focuses on Particle pollutants. Flow field is calculated using D3Q27 model of LBM and particle is calculated by Lagrangian method. Using this model, we discuss the change in concentration distribution when there is a huge building (GARUDA) in Jakarta as a application. As a result, we can find the relation of differences in particle density and differences in flow velocity due to GARUDA. When the velocity in the case w/o GARUDA is faster than the other, particle velocity in the case w/o GARUDA is reduced. And also, we can find the velocity near the solid boundary is underestimated and the particle density is higher than theoretical value. However, this model is valid far away from the solid boundary.

Journal Articles

Inner and outer-layer similarity of the turbulence intensity profile over a realistic urban geometry

Inagaki, Atsushi*; Wangsaputra, Y.*; Kanda, Manabu*; Y$"u$cel, M.*; Onodera, Naoyuki; Aoki, Takayuki*

SOLA (Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere) (Internet), 16, p.120 - 124, 2020/00

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:3.57(Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences)

The similarity of the turbulence intensity profile with the inner-layer and the outer-layer scalings were examined for an urban boundary layer using numerical simulations. The simulations consider a developing neutral boundary layer over realistic building geometry. The computational domain covers an 19.2 km by 4.8 km and extends up to a height of 1 km with 2-m grids. Several turbulence intensity profiles are defined locally in the computational domain. The inner- and outer-layer scalings work well reducing the scatter of the turbulence intensity within the inner- and outer-layers, respectively, regardless of the surface geometry. Although the main scatters among the scaled profiles are attributed to the mismatch of the parts of the layer and the scaling parameters, their behaviors can also be explained by introducing a non-dimensional parameter which consists of the ratio of length or velocity.

Journal Articles

A Numerical study of turbulence statistics and the structure of a spatially-developing boundary layer over a realistic urban geometry

Inagaki, Atsushi*; Kanda, Manabu*; Ahmad, N. H.*; Yagi, Ayako*; Onodera, Naoyuki; Aoki, Takayuki*

Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 164(2), p.161 - 181, 2017/08

 Times Cited Count:31 Percentile:72.14(Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences)

The applicability of outer-layer scaling is examined by numerical simulation of a developing neutral boundary layer over a realistic building geometry of Tokyo. Large-eddy simulations are carried out over a large computational domain 19.2 km $$times$$ 4.8 km $$times$$1 km, with a fine grid spacing (2 m) using the lattice-Boltzmann method with massively parallel graphics processing units. Results from simulations show that outer-layer features are maintained for turbulence statistics in the upper part of the boundary layer, as well as the width of predominant streaky structures throughout the entire boundary layer. This is caused by the existence of very large streaky structures extending throughout the entire boundary layer, which follow outer-layer scaling with a self-preserving development. We assume the top-down mechanism in the physical interpretation of results.

Journal Articles

Development of performance assessment models for glass dissolution

Goto, Takahiro*; Mitsui, Seiichiro; Takase, Hiroyasu*; Kurosawa, Susumu*; Inagaki, Manabu*; Shibata, Masahiro; Ishiguro, Katsuhiko*

MRS Advances (Internet), 1(63-64), p.4239 - 4245, 2016/00

NUMO and JAEA have conducted a joint research since FY2011, which is designed to enhance the methodology of repository design and performance assessment in preliminary investigation stage for deep geological disposal of radioactive waste. As a part of this joint research, we have been developing glass dissolution models which consider various processes in EBS, such as precipitation of Fe-silicates associated with iron overpack corrosion, and Si transport through corrosion products in the cracked overpack. The objectives of the modeling work are to evaluate relative importance of relevant processes and to identify further R&D issues towards development of a convincing safety case. Sensitivity analyses suggested that predicted glass dissolution time ranges from 1$$times$$10$$^3$$ to 1$$times$$10$$^7$$ years or more due to uncertainties in the current understanding of the key processes, namely precipitation of Fe-silicates and transport characteristics of the altered glass layer.

JAEA Reports

Enhancement of the methodology of repository design and post-closure performance assessment for preliminary investigation stage, 3; Progress report on NUMO-JAEA collaborative research in FY2013 (Joint research)

Shibata, Masahiro; Sawada, Atsushi; Tachi, Yukio; Makino, Hitoshi; Wakasugi, Keiichiro; Mitsui, Seiichiro; Kitamura, Akira; Yoshikawa, Hideki; Oda, Chie; Ishidera, Takamitsu; et al.

JAEA-Research 2014-030, 457 Pages, 2015/03

JAEA-Research-2014-030.pdf:199.23MB

JAEA and NUMO have conducted a collaborative research work which is designed to enhance the methodology of repository design and post-closure performance assessment in preliminary investigation stage. With regard to (1) study on rock suitability in terms of hydrology, based on some examples of developing method of hydro-geological structure model, acquired knowledge are arranged using the tree diagram, and model uncertainty and its influence on the evaluation items were discussed. With regard to (2) study on scenario development, the developed approach for "defining conditions" has been reevaluated and improved from practical viewpoints. In addition, the uncertainty evaluation for the effect of use of cementitious material, as well as glass dissolution model, was conducted with analytical evaluation. With regard to (3) study on setting radionuclide migration parameters, based on survey of precedent procedures, multiple-approach for distribution coefficient of rocks was established, and the adequacy of the approach was confirmed though its application to sedimentary rock and granitic rock. Besides, an approach for solubility setting was developed including the procedure of selection of solubility limiting solid phase. The adequacy of the approach was confirmed though its application to key radionuclides.

Journal Articles

"Relative rates method" for evaluating the effect of potential geological environmental change due to uplift/erosion to radionuclide migration of high-level radioactive waste

Ebashi, Takeshi; Kawamura, Makoto*; Inagaki, Manabu*; Koo, Shigeru*; Shibata, Masahiro; Itazu, Toru; Nakajima, Kunihiko*; Miyahara, Kaname; Apted, M. J.*

Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Vol.1665, p.39 - 45, 2014/07

In Japan, the likelihood of uplift/erosion on repository performance and waste isolation can be typically greatly reduced or excluded by careful siting, however, the inability to completely exclude the uplift/erosion scenario may require an analysis of the consequences of such a scenario. For this purpose, an assessment approach has been developed to more realistically treat the effect of uplift/erosion for a hypothetical repository located in sedimentary host rock. A key advantage to this approach is the extrapolation of the geohistory of modern analogue sites to develop credible initial inputs for future volunteer sites that may be poorly characterized at the initial stages of site investigation. In addition, the approach provides a systematic basis for bounding the range of possible evolution in thermal-hydrological-mechanical-chemical conditions of a repository experiencing different uplift/ erosion rates.

JAEA Reports

Enhancement of the methodology of repository design and post-closure performance assessment for preliminary investigation stage, 2; Progress report on NUMO-JAEA collaborative research in FY2012 (Joint research)

Shibata, Masahiro; Sawada, Atsushi; Tachi, Yukio; Hayano, Akira; Makino, Hitoshi; Wakasugi, Keiichiro; Mitsui, Seiichiro; Oda, Chie; Kitamura, Akira; Osawa, Hideaki; et al.

JAEA-Research 2013-037, 455 Pages, 2013/12

JAEA-Research-2013-037.pdf:42.0MB

Following FY2011, JAEA and NUMO have conducted a collaborative research work which is designed to enhance the methodology of repository design and performance assessment in preliminary investigation stage. With regard to (1) study on rock suitability in terms of hydrology, the tree diagram of methodology of groundwater travel time has been extended for crystalline rock, in addition, tree diagram for sedimentary rock newly has been organized. With regard to (2) study on scenario development, the existing approach has been improved in terms of a practical task, and applied and tested for near field focusing on the buffer. In addition, the uncertainty of some important processes and its impact on safety functions are discussed though analysis. With regard to (3) study on setting radionuclide migration parameters, the approaches for parameter setting have been developed for sorption for rocks and solubility, and applied and tested through parameter setting exercises for key radionuclides.

JAEA Reports

Enhancement of the methodology of repository design and post-closure performance assessment for preliminary investigation stage; Progress report on NUMO-JAEA collaborative research in FY2011 (Joint research)

Shibata, Masahiro; Sawada, Atsushi; Tachi, Yukio; Makino, Hitoshi; Hayano, Akira; Mitsui, Seiichiro; Taniguchi, Naoki; Oda, Chie; Kitamura, Akira; Osawa, Hideaki; et al.

JAEA-Research 2012-032, 298 Pages, 2012/09

JAEA-Research-2012-032.pdf:33.68MB

JAEA and NUMO have conducted a collaborative research work which is designed to enhance the methodology of repository design and performance assessment in preliminary investigation phase. The topics and the conducted research are follows; (1) Study on selection of host rock: in terms of hydraulic properties, items for assessing rock property, and assessment methodology of groundwater travel time has been organized with interaction from site investigation. (2) Study on development of scenario: the existing approach has been embodied, in addition, the phenomenological understanding regarding dissolution of and nuclide release from vitrified waste, corrosion of the overpack, long-term performance of the buffer are summarized. (3) Study on setting nuclide migration parameters: the approach for parameter setting has been improved for sorption and diffusion coefficient of buffer/rock, and applied and tested for parameter setting of key radionuclides. (4) Study on ensuring quality of knowledge: framework for ensuring quality of knowledge has been studied and examined aimed at the likely disposal facility condition.

JAEA Reports

Preliminary study on development of a methodology for evaluating the performance of host rock for geological disposal based on surface-based investigations

Inagaki, Manabu*; Tanaka, Tatsuya*; Hashimoto, Shuji*; Maekawa, Keisuke; Shibata, Masahiro

JAEA-Research 2011-056, 37 Pages, 2012/03

JAEA-Research-2011-056.pdf:8.64MB

In Japan, a step-wise approach is applied in the site selection process for the geologic disposal site. Preliminary surface-based investigations will be followed by detailed investigations. The basic repository concept, including underground design and layout, will be discussed at the end of surface-based investigations. The repository concept will depend on the spatial extent of the candidate rock formation(s) and their barrier performance. However, information obtained from the surface is limited and includes uncertainties. It is thus important to assess host rock performance considering uncertainties. In this study, methodology for evaluation of geological conditions has been developed that focuses on determining the usable volume of host rock with specific performance characteristics. Initially, multiple performance indices have been discussed and defined from the viewpoint of barrier performance. Then the evaluation procedure is illustrated by using the dataset obtained from the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory Project. Finally the proposed procedure is reviewed and future challenges are extracted.

Journal Articles

A Comparative study of the modelling of cement hydration and cement-rock laboratory experiments

Savage, D.*; Soler, J. M.*; Yamaguchi, Kohei; Walker, C.; Honda, Akira; Inagaki, Manabu; Watson, C.*; Wilson, J.*; Benbow, S.*; Gaus, I.*; et al.

Applied Geochemistry, 26(7), p.1138 - 1152, 2011/07

 Times Cited Count:19 Percentile:47.43(Geochemistry & Geophysics)

The use of cement and concrete as fracture grouting or as tunnel seals in a geological disposal facility for rad wastes creates potential issues concerning chemical reactivity. From a long term safety perspective, it is desirable to be able model these interactions and changes quantitatively. As part of the LCS (Long-term Cement Studies) project programme, a modelling inter-comparison has been conducted, involving the modelling of two experiments describing cement hadration and cement-rock reaction, with teams representing the NDA (UK), Posiva (Finland), and JAEA. This modelling exercise showed that the dominant reaction pathways in the two experiments are fairly well understood and are consistent between the different modelling teams, although significant differences existed amongst the precise parameterisation. Future modelling exercises of this type should focus on a suitable natural or industrial analogue that might aid assessing mineral-fluid reactions at these longer timescales.

JAEA Reports

Development of safety assessment model based on TRU-2 report using GoldSim

Ebina, Takanori*; Inagaki, Manabu*; Kato, Tomoko

JAEA-Data/Code 2010-029, 41 Pages, 2011/03

JAEA-Data-Code-2010-029.pdf:5.79MB

The safety assessment model at "Second Progress Report on Research and Development for TRU Waste Disposal in Japan" (TRU-2 report) was designed using the numerical code TIGER, that allows the physical and chemical properties within the system to vary with time. At the analysis using TIGER, the migration (i.e engineered barrier system, host rock and fault) have to be analysed independently at each region, consequently the huge number of complicated parameter setting have been required. On the other hand, by using numerical code GoldSim, all regions are analyzed synchronously and parameters can be defined at same model. In future, safety analyses of TRU waste package disposal will be carried out according as study of an optimization of nuclear fuel cycle. Therefor, safety assessment model for TRU waste disposal using GoldSim was designed, and calculation results were verified by comparing with the result of TRU-2 report.

Journal Articles

Consequence analysis of fluvial erosion scenarios for a HLW repository

Miyahara, Kaname; Kawamura, Makoto*; McKinley, I. G.*; Inagaki, Manabu*; Ebina, Takanori*

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 48(7), p.1069 - 1076, 2011/00

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:17.88(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In Japan, uplift/erosion scenarios must be analysed even if they occur far in the future, as no assessment cut-off times have yet been defined. For this purpose, the geological record of river terrace formation and their long term evolution has been studied further, with the aim of constructing a more realistic fluvial erosion model compared with the original, rather simple cyclic fluvial erosion model developed in a previous study. The model allows the consequences of erosion of the repository to be assessed, as before using comparisons with natural radionuclide fluxes. This paper describes a conceptual model based on a generalization of field observations in relevant settings and discusses resultant analyses, which again illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the reference HLW disposal system.

Journal Articles

Study on evaluation method of potentional geological environmenral changes of "uplift and erosion" for performance assessment on a high level radioactive waste geological disposal system

Kawamura, Makoto; Ebashi, Takeshi; Makino, Hitoshi; Niizato, Tadafumi; Yasue, Kenichi; Inagaki, Manabu; Oi, Takao

Oyo Chishitsu, 51(5), p.229 - 240, 2010/12

Uplift, subsidence, denudation, and sedimentation are phenomena over long-term in a regional scale. It is difficult to ignore the impacts of those phenomena on a disposal system completely in long-term. Therefore, type and extent of the impacts on geological and disposal environmental conditions, and disposal systems need to be evaluated quantitatively in order to develop perturbation scenarios. We have been developing a systematic methodology to develop perturbation scenarios based on the appropriate understanding of those phenomena. The variety of the change of geological environment and evolution pattern of the environment, which are caused by the variation of the uplift, subsidence, denudation, sedimentation phenomena and those rates, are understood by arranging the information in the framework of the thermal-hydrological-mechanical-chemical-geometrical (T-H-M-C-G) system, and the impacts of those environmental change to the performance of the repository system are also examined by using the T-H-M-C-G system. In this study, firstly, the potential changes of the geological environment were identified by examination of possible combinations of the uplift/denudation and subsidence/ sedimentation. The effects of the initial environmental condition are also considered. Geohistorical information and View of Modern analogue theory should be used in this stage. This procedure is essential to set up the scenarios regarding uplift/denudation and subsidence/sedimentation, to clarify the trend and/or range of the change of the geological environmental conditions. Then, the phenomena which give the large impacts to a disposal system were extracted based on the T-H-M-C-G system. By applying the developed framework which deals with the impacts on the HLW disposal system realistic view and builds evaluation scenarios and models based on step wise manner, we acquired the prospect that realistic uplift and denudation scenario could be built to this examination procedure.

Journal Articles

Development of methodology of groundwater flow and solute transport analysis in the Horonobe area, Hokkaido, Japan

Maekawa, Keisuke; Makino, Hitoshi; Kurikami, Hiroshi; Niizato, Tadafumi; Inagaki, Manabu; Kawamura, Makoto*

Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management (ICEM 2010) (CD-ROM), p.71 - 80, 2010/10

It is important for establishing safety assessment techniques of HLW geological disposal to understand groundwater flow and solute transport. We have carried out groundwater flow and solute transport analysis using geological and hydrological information from surface-based investigations in the Horonobe area. From this study, a methodology to integrate activities from site investigations and evaluation to solute transport analysis was tested. We have been also carrying out a simulation of groundwater flow and salinity concentration distribution using information on geological evolution considering the impacts of natural events and processes. From the result, we could outline the impacts of natural events and processes on geological environments. We plan to apply a methodology of groundwater flow and solute transport analysis to the shallow part, the Horonobe coastal area. It must be important techniques in support of generic safety assessment for future geologic disposal in Japan.

JAEA Reports

Study on potential impacts of natural phenomena on a HLW geological disposal system

Kawamura, Makoto; Makino, Hitoshi; Sasao, Eiji; Niizato, Tadafumi; Yasue, Kenichi; Asamori, Koichi; Umeda, Koji; Ishimaru, Tsuneari; Osawa, Hideaki; Ebashi, Takeshi; et al.

JAEA-Research 2010-027, 85 Pages, 2010/09

JAEA-Research-2010-027.pdf:9.37MB

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) have developed a formal evaluation method to assess the potential impacts of natural phenomena (earthquakes and faulting; volcanism; uplift, subsidence, denudation and sedimentation; climatic and sea-level changes) on a high level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal system for the purpose of maintenance of evaluation method for potential impacts of natural phenomena within more realistic view. In this report, we developed a framework as a part of the total system performance assessment for two purposes: the first one is quantification of relationship of characteristic of natural phenomena between geological environmental conditions (T-H-M-C-G), and the other one is quantification of relationship of T-H-M-C-G condition between parameters of performance assessment. We tried to apply the framework to all natural phenomena to confirm the effectiveness of the framework. On the other hand, we applied an argument-diagram that was developed one of the methods of the knowledge management to elicit future tasks. As a result, to apply the framework, we could show that information integration could carry out efficiently, and information integration was attained by the common framework by combining information on geohistory and existing information of natural phenomena and geological environmental conditions as modern-analogue. We could show that suitable scenarios might be chosen by information integration. Furthermore, we were able to elicit future tasks to this study by applying the argument-diagram.

JAEA Reports

Analysis method for impacts of hyper-alkaline pore water on the mass transport in fractured rock, 1; Single fracture

Honda, Akira; Yamaguchi, Kohei*; Inagaki, Manabu; Oda, Chie

JAEA-Research 2010-024, 44 Pages, 2010/08

JAEA-Research-2010-024.pdf:13.43MB

An analysis method was attempted of the impact of hyper-alkaline pore water on the mass transport in a single fracture of a host rock. Initial mass transport fields were generated using the computer program "Mathematica", which were then used for the chemistry-mass transport coupling analyses by the computer program "PHREEQC-TRANS".

JAEA Reports

Development of computation model on the GoldSim platform for the radionuclide transport in the geosphere with the time-dependent parameters

Koo, Shigeru*; Inagaki, Manabu

JAEA-Data/Code 2010-006, 41 Pages, 2010/06

JAEA-Data-Code-2010-006.pdf:1.39MB

In the HLW disposal system, numerical evaluation for radionuclide transport with the time-dependent parameters is necessary to evaluate various scenarios. In H12 report, numerical code MESHNOTE and TIGER were used for the evaluation of some natural phenomena scenarios that had to handle the time-dependent parameters. In the future, the necessity of handling the time-dependent parameters will be expected to increase, and more efficient calculation and improvement of quality control of input/output parameters will be required. Therefore, for the purpose of corresponding this requirement, a radionuclide transport model has been developed on the Goldsmith GoldSim is a general simulation software, that was used for the computation modeling of Yucca Mountain Project. The conceptual model, the mathematical model and the verification of the GoldSim Model are described in this report. In the future, application resources on this report will be able to upgrade for perturbation scenarios analysis model.

Journal Articles

Modelling performed using the PHREEQC and PHREEQC-TRANS codes

Honda, Akira; Inagaki, Manabu; Yamaguchi, Kohei; Walker, C.

Nagra NAB 10-07, p.66 - 116, 2010/03

This report was made as part of LCS (Long-term Cement Studies) that was an international project involving NAGRA, NDA, POSIVA and JAEA. A part of the in-situ experiment at Grimsel test site and the bench mark analysis in phase 1 is published in this report. In the bench mark analysis of the cement hydration reaction, there is a reasonable agreement between the measured and the predicted species in solution in terms of general trends being reproduced by the models produced by the three modelling groups. In the bench mark analysis of the chemical reaction of the granite in the environment with transportation and the high pH solution, the major trends in measured species concentrations could be reproduced by all models. The observed permeability profile could not be matched.

JAEA Reports

Development of biosphere assessment methodology in view of surface and near-surface environment

Itazu, Toru; Inagaki, Manabu; Kato, Tomoko; Suzuki, Yuji*; Oyamada, Kiyoshi*; Ebashi, Takeshi; Kawamura, Makoto; Ebina, Takanori*; Miyahara, Kaname

JAEA-Review 2009-015, 59 Pages, 2009/07

JAEA-Review-2009-015.pdf:10.84MB

The project of high-level radioactive waste disposal is in the stage of site selection in Japan, and the site-specific performance assessment using the methodology of site-generic study has been developed after the publication of the second progress report (H12). In the same way, biosphere assessment using the behavior of radionuclides, which depends on the site-specific condition, has been started. In this paper, the following issues have been addressed. (1) Survey of the foreign literature relating to the surface and near- surface hydrology for biosphere assessments. (2) Survey of the domestic literature of flow and transport in subsurface systems valuable for biosphere assessments. (3) Trial of transport analysis in surface and near-surface environment of the model site. (4) The setting and boundary conditions of model used for the surface and near-surface hydrological analysis. About the fist issue, from literature of Sweden, we studied the calculation of the dose with account to radionuclides migration in the Quaternary. Concerning the second item, collecting and compiling the useful information for the surface and near-surface hydrological analysis from literature related to groundwater flow and pollution survey in Japan, we learned about the environmental tracer method and so on. Concerning the third point, transport analysis in surface and near-surface environment using site-specific data for sensitivity analysis after this has been carried out to check out the influence of some parameters on transport phenomena, and the relative high sensitivity of the difference of the source positions were shown. Concerning the fourth item, we examined the setting and the boundary conditions of model whose outputs include groundwater flow and transport rate into river, lake, sea. These outputs are used as inputs of biosphere assessment model.

JAEA Reports

Study and design of safety assessment model based on H12 reference case using GoldSim

Nakajima, Kunihiko*; Koo, Shigeru*; Ebina, Takanori*; Ebashi, Takeshi; Inagaki, Manabu

JAEA-Data/Code 2009-009, 62 Pages, 2009/07

JAEA-Data-Code-2009-009.pdf:19.19MB

Reference case of safety assessment analysis at the H12 report was calculated using the numerical code MESHNOTE and MATRICS mainly. On the other hand, recently general simulation software witch has a character of object-oriented is globally used and the numerical code GoldSim is typical software. After the H12 report, probability theory analysis and sensitivity analysis using GoldSim have carried out by statistical method for the purpose of following up safety assessment analysis at the H12 report. On this report, details of the method for the model design using GoldSim are summarized, and to confirm calculation reproducibility, verification between the H12 report and GoldSim results were carried out. And the guide book of calculation method using GoldSim is maintained for other investigators at JAEA who want to calculate reference case on the H12 report. In the future, application resources on this report will be able to upgrade probability theory analysis and other conceptual models.

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