A Study on convection in molten zone of aluminum alloy during Fe/Al resistance spot welding

Iyota, Muneyoshi*; Matsuda, Tomoki*; Sano, Tomokazu*; Shigeta, Masaya*; Shobu, Takahisa; Yumoto, Hirokatsu*; Koyama, Takahisa*; Yamazaki, Hiroshi*; Semba, Yasunori*; Ohashi, Haruhiko*; et al.

Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 94, p.424 - 434, 2023/05

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.03.032

Long-pulse beam acceleration of MeV-class H ion beams for ITER NB accelerator

Umeda, Naotaka; Kashiwagi, Mieko; Taniguchi, Masaki; Tobari, Hiroyuki; Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Dairaku, Masayuki; Yamanaka, Haruhiko; Inoue, Takashi; Kojima, Atsushi; Hanada, Masaya

Review of Scientific Instruments, 85(2), p.02B304_1 - 02B304_3, 2014/02

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4825161

In order to realize neutral beam systems in ITER whose target is to produce D ion beam of 1 MeV, 200 A/m during 3600s, the electrostatic five-stages negative ion accelerator has been developed at JAEA. To extend pulse length, heat load of the acceleration grids was reduced by controlling the ion beam trajectory. Namely, the beam deflection due to the residual magnetic filter in the accelerator was suppressed with the newly developed extractor with a 0.5 mm off-set aperture displacement. The use of new extractor improved the deflection angle from 6 mrad to 1 mrad, resulting in the reduction of direct interception of negative ions from 23% to 15% of the total acceleration power, respectively. As a result, the pulse length of 130 A/m, 881 keV H ion beam has been successfully extended from a previous value of 0.4s to 8.7s.

Compensations of beamlet deflections for 1 MeV accelerator of ITER NBI

Kashiwagi, Mieko; Taniguchi, Masaki; Umeda, Naotaka; Dairaku, Masayuki; Tobari, Hiroyuki; Yamanaka, Haruhiko; Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Inoue, Takashi; DeEsch, H. P. L.*; Grisham, L. R.*; et al.

AIP Conference Proceedings 1515, p.227 - 236, 2013/02

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4792789

In a five stage multi-aperture multi-grid (MAMuG) accelerator for the ITER neutral beam injector (NBI), 1 MeV, 40 A D ion beam is required for 1 hour. However, beamlets are deflected due to (1) magnetic field for electron suppression and (2) space charge repulsion between beamlets, and consequently, cause excess grid heat load. A three dimensional beam analysis has been carried out to compensate the beamlet deflections. This paper shows that the beamlet deflections due to (1) and (2) are compensated by an aperture offset of only 0.6 mm applied to the aperture of 17 mm in diameter in the extractor and by a metal bar attached around aperture area beneath the extractor, respectively. When the metal bar is increased to 3 mm in thickness and installed 30 mm away from the aperture area, the beamlet is steered gently by the weaker electric field distortion. The beam optics was confirmed not deteriorated by those compensations. The presentation also discusses application of these compensation techniques to the ITER design.

Voltage holding study of 1 MeV accelerator for ITER neutral beam injector

Taniguchi, Masaki; Kashiwagi, Mieko; Umeda, Naotaka; Dairaku, Masayuki; Takemoto, Jumpei; Tobari, Hiroyuki; Tsuchida, Kazuki; Yamanaka, Haruhiko; Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Kojima, Atsushi; et al.

Review of Scientific Instruments, 83(2), p.02B121_1 - 02B121_3, 2012/02

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3675389

JAEA has developed the MeV accelerator to demonstrate 1 MeV, 200 A/m H ion beam acceleration required for ITER NBI. A key to realize such a high power accelerator is improvement of voltage holding capability. Based on detailed investigation of the voltage holding characteristics, MeV accelerator was modified to reduce electric field concentration by extending gaps between the grid supports and increasing curvature radiuses at the support corners. After the modifications, accelerator succeeded in sustaining -1 MV in vacuum without beam acceleration. Moreover, beam deflection due to the magnetic field for electron suppression and space charge repulsion was compensated by aperture displacement technique. As the result, beam deflection was compensated and voltage holding during the beam acceleration was improved. Beam parameter of the MeV accelerator was increased to 980 keV, 185 A/m, which is close to the requirement of ITER accelerator.

Study of beamlet deflection and its compensations in a MeV accelerator

Kashiwagi, Mieko; Inoue, Takashi; Taniguchi, Masaki; Umeda, Naotaka; Grisham, L. R.*; Dairaku, Masayuki; Takemoto, Jumpei; Tobari, Hiroyuki; Tsuchida, Kazuki; Watanabe, Kazuhiro; et al.

AIP Conference Proceedings 1390, p.457 - 465, 2011/09

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3637417

In a five stage multi-aperture and multi-grid (MAMuG) accelerator in JAEA, beam acceleration tests are in progress toward 1 MeV, 200 A/m H ion beams for ITER. The 1 MV voltage holding has been successfully demonstrated for 4000 s with the accelerator of expanded gap length that lowered local electric field concentrations. The led to increase of the beam energy up to 900 keV-level. However, it was found that beamlets were deflected more in long gaps and direct interceptions of the deflected beamlet caused breakdowns. The beamlet deflection and its compensation methods were studied utilizing a three-dimensional multi beamlet analysis. The analysis showed that the 1 MeV beam can be compensated by a combination of the aperture offset of 0.8 mm applied in the electron suppression (ESG) and the metal bar called a field shaping plate with a thickness of 1 mm attached beneath the ESG. The paper reports analytical predictions and experimental results of the MAMuG accelerator.

1 MV holding and beam optics in a multi-aperture multi-grid accelerator for ITER NBI

Kashiwagi, Mieko; Taniguchi, Masaki; Kojima, Atsushi; Dairaku, Masayuki; Hanada, Masaya; Hemsworth, R. S.*; Mizuno, Takatoshi*; Takemoto, Jumpei; Tanaka, Masanobu*; Tanaka, Yutaka*; et al.

Proceedings of 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2010) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2011/03

http://www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/physics/FEC/FEC2010/html/node295.htm#62687

At JAEA, a multi-aperture multi-grid accelerator has been developed for the ITER neutral beam system. A target is H ion beam acceleration of 0.5 A (200 A/m) at 1 MeV. In real accelerators, it was found that the voltage holding was about a half of that obtained in an ideal small electrode. After applying necessary gap length and radii of edges of grid supports to lower local electric field concentrations, the accelerator succeeded in sustaining 1 MV for 4000 s. As a result, beam parameters were increased to 879 keV, 0.36 A (157 A/m) at perveance matched condition from 796 kV, 0.32 A (140 A/m) reported in FEC2008. In the beam acceleration, the beamlet deflections due to magnetic field and space charge repulsion caused direct interceptions, that resulted in limitations in the beam energy and current. Compensation of these beamlet deflections has been tested applying aperture offset and field shaping plate, which were examined in a three-dimensional beam analysis.

Transient phenomena analysis of a DC -1MV power supply for the ITER NBI

Yamamoto, Masanori; Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Yamanaka, Haruhiko; Takemoto, Jumpei; Yamashita, Yasuo*; Inoue, Takashi

JAEA-Technology 2010-029, 60 Pages, 2010/08

JAEA-Technology-2010-029.pdf:10.49MB

A power supply for the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) is a DC ultra-high voltage (UHV) power supply to accelerate negative ion beams of 40 A up to an energy of 1 MeV. Japan Atomic Energy Agency as the Japan Domestic Agency for ITER contributes procurement of dc -1 MV main components such as step-up -1 MV transformers rectifiers, a high voltage deck 2, a -1 MV insulating transformer, a transmission line, a surge reduction system and equipments for site test. Design of the surge suppression in the NBI power supply is one of the key issues to obtain the stable injector performance. This report describes the design study using EMTDC code on the surge suppression by optimizing the core snubber and additional elements in the -1 MV power supply. The results show that the input energy from the stray capacitance to the accelerator at the breakdown can be reduced to about 25 J that is smaller than the design criteria of 50 J for the ITER NBI.

Mechanical analyses of HV bushing for ITER NB

Tobari, Hiroyuki; Taniguchi, Masaki; Kashiwagi, Mieko; Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Umeda, Naotaka; Dairaku, Masayuki; Yamanaka, Haruhiko; Inoue, Takashi

no journal, , 

The HV bushing, one of the ITER NB components which JADA procures, is a multi-conductor feedthrough composed of five-stage double-layered insulator columns with large brazed ceramic ring and fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) ring. The HV bushing is a bulk head between insulation gas and vacuum. Brazing area of the ceramic ring with Kovar is required to maintain vacuum leak tightness and pressure tightness against the air filled at 0.6 MPa. The FRP ring is required to support the pressure load, seismic load and dead weight. To design the HV bushing satisfying the safety factor of 3.5, mechanical analyses were carried out. As for the Kovar, thickness, shape and fixation of the Kovar sleeve were adjusted. As for the FRP ring, by using an isotropic fiber cloth FRP, sufficient strength was confirmed against shear stress. As a result, a design of the insulator for the HV bushing was established satisfying the requirement.

Development of a DC -1 MV insulation transformer for ITER NBI

Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Yamanaka, Haruhiko; Maejima, Tetsuya; Inoue, Takashi; Hanada, Masaya; Tanaka, Shigeru*; Kadowaki, Makoto*

no journal, , 

A DC -1 MV insulation transformer is required for ITER NBI power supply. However such insulation transformer has not been developed. Demonstration of the DC ultra high voltage insulation is essential to realize such insulation transformer. To demonstrate the insulation transformer, a transformer model has been designed and fabricated under the ITER research and development task. The high voltage test with the model has been successfully performed and it ensures that the real insulation transformer can be fabricated.

Development of 1 MeV accelerator for the procurement of ITER NBI

Inoue, Takashi; Dairaku, Masayuki; Kashiwagi, Mieko; Mizuno, Takatoshi; Taniguchi, Masaki; Tobari, Hiroyuki; Umeda, Naotaka; Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Yamanaka, Haruhiko

no journal, , 

Multiaperture multigrid accelerators and a HV bushing that connects power supply and the accelerator have been developed at JAEA for the ITER neutral beam injector (NBI). So far, the accelerator held dc 1 MV high voltage at operation pressure range of 0.1 Pa by lowering electric stress at cathode triple junction. Recently many discharge traces were found from small gaps, steps, corners, edges and even on screw heads suggesting discharges initiated from such local concentration of electric stresses. In order to mitigate the local stress gap between the accelerator grids were expanded from original 72 - 90 m to 100 mm. This was effective to improve the voltage holding even without hydrogen gas, and as the consequence, 360 mA H ions were accelerated up to 879 keV, which updated previous record of 796 keV, 320 mA.