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Baron, P.*; Cornet, S. M.*; Collins, E. D.*; DeAngelis, G.*; Del Cul, G.*; Fedorov, Y.*; Glatz, J. P.*; Ignatiev, V.*; Inoue, Tadashi*; Khaperskaya, A.*; et al.
Progress in Nuclear Energy, 117, p.103091_1 - 103091_24, 2019/11
Times Cited Count：45 Percentile：91.6(Nuclear Science & Technology)The results of an international review of separation processes for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) recycling in future closed fuel cycles with the evaluation of Technology Readiness Level are reported. This study was made by the Expert Group on Fuel Recycling Chemistry (EGFRC) organised by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). A unique feature of this study was that processes were classified according to a hierarchy of separations aimed at different elements within spent fuel (uranium; uranium-plutonium co-recovery; minor actinides; high heat generating radionuclides) and also the Head-end processes, used to prepare the SNF for chemical separation, were included. Separation processes covered both wet (hydrometallurgical) and dry (pyro-chemical) processes.
threshold via the 
reactionInoue, Kentaro*; Hashimoto, Tadashi; Tanida, Kiyoshi; 69 of others*
JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 17, p.072003_1 - 072003_4, 2017/07
Minato, Kazuo; Morita, Yasuji; Tsujimoto, Kazufumi; Koyama, Shinichi; Kurata, Masaki*; Inoue, Tadashi*; Ikeda, Kazumi*
Proceedings of 11th OECD/NEA Information Exchange Meeting on Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation (Internet), p.341 - 349, 2012/00
In order to provide a quantitative assessment for the maturity of the partitioning and transmutation technology relative to its full-scale deployment, a technology readiness level (TRL) process was used. The definitions of TRL used in this study were based on those used in the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP). The TRL was evaluated and the technology pathway was discussed for the systems of FBR and ADS for the minor actinides (MA) transmutation, MA partitioning processes, and MA-bearing fuels. Through the evaluation, it was recognized that hard requirements to be satisfied were present at TRL 5 for each technology development. The introduction of lab-scale tests with actual spent fuel for MA partitioning process and with actual separated materials for MA-bearing fuels fabrication and irradiation before the engineering scale tests may be effective and efficient solution.
Inoue, Tadashi*; Koyama, Tadafumi*; Arai, Yasuo
Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Asian Nuclear Prospects 2010 (ANUP 2010) (CD-ROM), 7 Pages, 2010/10
no abstracts in English
Fukasawa, Tetsuo*; Yamashita, Junichi*; Hoshino, Kuniyoshi*; Sasahira, Akira*; Inoue, Tadashi*; Minato, Kazuo; Sato, Seichi*
Proceedings of 16th Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference (PBNC-16) (CD-ROM), 6 Pages, 2008/10
Transition period from light water reactors (LWR) to fast breeder reactors (FBR) is quite important to achieve the future FBR cycle system. The transition scenarios were carefully studied and the Flexible Fuel Cycle Initiative (FFCI) was proposed in this study. FFCI carries out about 90% uranium (U) removal from LWR spent fuels (SF) at first and then recovers plutonium/uranium (Pu/U) from the remaining SF named "recycle material"(RM) (about 40% U, 15% Pu and 45% other nuclides) for FBR fresh fuel fabrication according to the FBR deployment status. The FFCI has some merits compared with ordinary system that carries out full reprocessing of LWR SF, that is volume reduction of LWR SF by its conversion to RM (proliferation resistant material), and storage and supply of high Pu density RM according to FBR deployment rate changes.
Inoue, Tadashi*; Koyama, Tadafumi*; Myochin, Munetaka; Arai, Yasuo
Proceedings of 2008 Joint Symposium on Molten Salts (USB Flash Drive), p.851 - 856, 2008/10
Recent progress of pyrochemical reprocessing technology based on metal electrorefining process and nitride electrorefining process is introduced. This technology can be applied to oxide fuel as well as metal fuel by adding the oxide reduction process. In addition to the development of process technology for electrorefining, thermodynamic database of actinides and lanthanides in molten salt or liquid metal has been prepared. The progress of pyrochemical reprocessing technology, which has the advantage of proliferation resistance and whole recovery of minor actinides, has been demonstrated.
Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Hanada, Masaya; Kamada, Masaki; Kobayashi, Kaoru; Umeda, Naotaka; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Inoue, Takashi; Honda, Atsushi; Kawai, Mikito; et al.
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 36(4), p.1519 - 1529, 2008/08
Times Cited Count：10 Percentile：39.38(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)The JT-60SA N-NBI system is required to inject 10 MW for 100 s at 500 keV. Three key issues should be solved for the JT-60SA N-NBI ion source. One is to improve the voltage holding capability. Recent R&D tests suggested that the accelerator with a large area of grids may need a high margin in the design of electric field and a long time for conditioning. The second issue is to reduce the grid power loading. It was found that some beamlets were strongly deflected due to beamlet-beamlet interaction and strike on the grounded grid. The grids are to be designed by taking account of beamlet-beamlet interaction in three-dimensional simulation. Third is to maintain the D- production for 100 s. A simple cooling structure is proposed for the active cooled plasma grid, where a key is the temperature gradient on the plasma grid for uniform D- production. The modified N-NBI ion source will start on JT-60SA in 2015.
Fukasawa, Tetsuo*; Yamashita, Junichi*; Hoshino, Kuniyoshi*; Sasahira, Akira*; Inoue, Tadashi*; Minato, Kazuo; Sato, Seichi*
Proceedings of 3rd International ATALANTE Conference (ATALANTE 2008) (CD-ROM), 7 Pages, 2008/05
In order to flexibly manage the transition period from LWR to FBR, the authors investigated the transition scenario and proposed the Flexible Fuel Cycle Initiative (FFCI). In FFCI, LWR spent fuel reprocessing only carries out the removal of about 90% uranium that will be purified and utilized in LWR after re-enrichment. The residual material (40% U, 15% Pu and 45% other nuclides) is transferred to temporary storage and/or FBR spent fuel reprocessing to recover Pu/U followed by FBR fresh fuel fabrication depending on the FBR introduction status. The FFCI has some merits compared with ordinary system that consists of full reprocessing facilities for both LWR and FBR spent fuels, that is smaller LWR reprocessing facility, spent LWR fuel reduction, storage and supply of high proliferation resistant and high Pu density material that can flexibly respond to FBR introduction rate changes. The Pu balance was calculated under several cases, which revealed that the FFCI could supply enough Pu to FBR in any cases.
Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Hanada, Masaya; Inoue, Takashi; Honda, Atsushi; Kamada, Masaki; Kawai, Mikito; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi; et al.
Fusion Engineering and Design, 82(5-14), p.791 - 797, 2007/10
Times Cited Count：20 Percentile：77.88(Nuclear Science & Technology)Modification of JT-60U to a superconducting device (so called JT-60SA) has been planned to contribute to ITER and DEMO. The NBI system is required to inject 34 MW for 100 s. The upgraded NBI system consists of twelve positive ion based NBI (P-NBI) units and one negative ion based NBI (N-NBI) unit. The injection power of the P-NBI units are 2 MW each at 85 keV, and the N-NBI unit will be 10 MW at 500 keV, respectively. On JT-60U, the long pulse operation of 30 s at 2 MW (85 keV) and 20 s at 3.2 MW (320 keV) have been achieved on P-NBI and N-NBI units, respectively. Since the temperature increase of the cooling water in both ion sources is saturated within 20 s, further pulse extension up to 100 s is expected to mainly modify the power supply systems in addition to modification of the N-NBI ion source for high acceleration voltage. The detailed technical design of the NBI system for JT-60SA is presented.
Inoue, Tadashi*; Koyama, Tadafumi*; Myochin, Munetaka; Arai, Yasuo
Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Systems (Global 2007) (CD-ROM), p.728 - 737, 2007/09
no abstracts in English
Koyama, Tadafumi*; Hijikata, Takatoshi*; Usami, Tsuyoshi*; Inoue, Tadashi*; Kitawaki, Shinichi; Shinozaki, Tadahiro; Fukushima, Mineo; Myochin, Munetaka
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 44(3), p.382 - 392, 2007/03
Times Cited Count：24 Percentile：83.26(Nuclear Science & Technology)Electrometallurgical pyroprocessing is a promising technology to realize actinide fuel cycle. Integrated experiments to demonstrate electrometallurgical pyroprocessing of plutonium oxide in continuous operation were carried out. In each test, 10 to 20 g of PuO
was reacted with Li reductant to form metal product. The reduction products were charged in the anode basket of the electrorefiner with LiCl-KCl-UCl
electrolyte. With using the anodes, deposition of uranium on the solid cathode was carried out, when PuCl concentration was low. After Pu/U ratio in salt electrolyte was increased enough, plutonium and uranium were recovered simultaneously on the liquid cadmium cathode. By heating up the deposits for distillation of the salt and the cadmium, U metal or Pu-U alloyed metal were obtained as residues in the crucible. It was first result to demonstrate the recovery of metal actinides in the continuous operation of pyroprocessing of oxide fuels.
Minato, Kazuo; Ichimiya, Masakazu; Inoue, Tadashi*
Proceedings of 9th OECD/NEA Information Exchange Meeting on Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation, p.35 - 43, 2007/00
no abstracts in English
Kato, Tetsuya*; Inoue, Tadashi*; Iwai, Takashi; Arai, Yasuo
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 357(1-3), p.105 - 114, 2006/10
Times Cited Count：101 Percentile：98.7(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Electrorefining in the molten LiCl-KCl eutectic salt containing actinides(An) and rare-earths(RE) was conducted to recover up to 10 wt% An into liquid Cd cathode, which is much higher than the solubility of An in liquid Cd at the experimental temperature. In the saturated Cd cathode, An and RE were recovered to form a compound of the PuCd
lattice, MCd. The separation factors of RE against Pu were defined as (RE/Pu in the Cd cathode)/(RE/Pu in the salt) and calculated for the saturated Cd alloy including MCd. The separation factors for the Cd cathodes were a little larger than the equilibrium values.
Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Umeda, Naotaka; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Grisham, L. R.*; Hanada, Masaya; Honda, Atsushi; Inoue, Takashi; Kawai, Mikito; Kazawa, Minoru; et al.
Nuclear Fusion, 46(6), p.S211 - S219, 2006/06
Times Cited Count：55 Percentile：86.7(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Recently, the extension of the pulse duration up to 30 sec has been intended to study quasi-steady state plasma on JT-60U N-NBI system. The most serious issue is to reduce the heat load on the grids for long pulse operation. Two modifications have been proposed to reduce the heat load. One is to suppress the beam spread which may be caused by beamlet-beamlet interaction in the multi-aperture grid due to the space charge force. Thin plates were attached on the extraction grid to modify the local electric field. The plate thickness was optimized to steer the beamlet deflection. The other is to reduce the stripping loss, where the electron of the negative ion beam is stripped and accelerated in the ion source and then collides with the grids. The ion source was modified to reduce the pressure in the accelerator column to suppress the beam-ion stripping loss. Up to now, long pulse injection of 17 sec for 1.6 MW and 25 sec for 
1 MW has been obtained by one ion source with these modifications.
Matsuura, Hideharu*; Iwata, Hiroshi*; Kagamihara, So*; Ishihara, Ryohei*; Yoneda, Masahiko*; Imai, Hideaki*; Kikuta, Masanori*; Inoue, Yuki*; Hisamatsu, Tadashi*; Kawakita, Shiro*; et al.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1, 45(4A), p.2648 - 2655, 2006/04
Times Cited Count：15 Percentile：50.06(Physics, Applied)no abstracts in English
, PuO and rare earth oxides using ZrCl
in LiCl-KCl eutectic meltSakamura, Yoshiharu*; Inoue, Tadashi*; Iwai, Takashi; Moriyama, Hirotake*
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 340(1), p.39 - 51, 2005/04
Times Cited Count：32 Percentile：88.85(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)A new chlorination method using ZrCl in a molten salt has been investigated for the pyrometallurgical reprocessing of spent oxide fuels. UO, PuO and rare earth oxides(LaO, CeO, NdO and YO) were allowed to react with ZrCl in a LiCl-KCl eutectic salt at 500
C to give a metal chloride solution and a precipitate of ZrO. By keeping the system quite still, the solution settled so that the ZrO precipitate could be separated.
Kato, Tetsuya*; Iizuka, Masatoshi*; Inoue, Tadashi*; Iwai, Takashi; Arai, Yasuo
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 340(2-3), p.259 - 265, 2005/04
Times Cited Count：23 Percentile：81.85(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)no abstracts in English
Uozumi, Koichi*; Iizuka, Masatoshi*; Kato, Tetsuya*; Inoue, Tadashi*; Shirai, Osamu*; Iwai, Takashi; Arai, Yasuo
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 325(1), p.34 - 43, 2004/02
Times Cited Count：108 Percentile：98.72(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Experiments were conducted on simultaneous recovering of uranium and plutonium electrochemically into laboratory scale liquid cadomium cathodes(LCCs) at different U/Pu ratios in the salt phase. The influence of the salt composition on the recovered amount of uranium and plutonium, the morphology of uranium and plutonium in the LCCs, and the behavior of americium were examined. It was shouwn that there is a threshold in the U/Pu ratio in the salt phase for the successful simultaneous recovery of uranium and plutonium up to 10wt% in high current efficiencies.
Kato, Tetsuya*; Uozumi, Koichi*; Inoue, Tadashi*; Shirai, Osamu*; Iwai, Takashi; Arai, Yasuo
Proceedings of GLOBAL2003 Atoms for Prosperity; Updating Eisenhower's Global Vision for Nuclear Energy (CD-ROM), p.1591 - 1595, 2003/11
Electrolysis experiments were carried to recover plutonium and uranium into liquid cadmium cathodes from molten salt at high cathode current densities. In the electrolysis at 101mA/cm
, 10.4wt.% of heavy metals in the cathode was recovered at almost 100% of current efficiency. In the electrolysis at 156mA/cm, the cathode potential ascended after approximately 8wt.% of heavy metals was recovered and some deposit was observed outside of the crucible.
Sato, Koji; Fujioka, Tsunaaki; Nakabayashi, Hiroki; Kitajima, Shoichi; Yokoo, Takeshi*; Inoue, Tadashi*
Global 2003; International Conference on Atoms for Prosperity: Upda, 0 Pages, 2003/00
We have been performing the feasibility study on conceptual design for an integrated metallic fuel recycle plant of 38 tHM/y throughput. As a result of this study, the process concept was constructed, and the main equipment and devices were designed considering rationalixation,operationability, reduction of environmental impact and safety for the future commercialization. Furthermore, the image of the whole building included in cells was examined. In particular, the electrorefiner was enlarged from its current size and the cathode processor was improved from the current batch type to the continuation type to increase throughput. The plant was evaluated comprehensively. We confirmed that the major specifications for plant design would be satisfied. The economical cometitiveness of the plant has been evaluated.
