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irradiated with swift heavy ions at grazing incidenceIshikawa, Norito; Fujimura, Yuki; Kondo, Keietsu; Szabo, G. L.*; Wilhelm, R. A.*; Ogawa, Hiroaki; Taguchi, Tomitsugu*
Nanotechnology, 33(23), p.235303_1 - 235303_10, 2022/06
A single crystal of SrTiO doped with niobium (Nb-STO) was irradiated with 200 MeV Au ions at grazing incidence. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to study the relation between irradiation-induced change of surface topography and corresponding material property changes. As expected, multiple hillocks as high as 5-6 nm are imaged by AFM observation. It is also found that the region in between the adjacent hillocks is slightly elevated rather than depressed. Line-like contrasts along the ion paths are found in both AFM phase images and SEM images, indicating the formation of continuous ion tracks in addition to multiple hillocks. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation shows that the ion tracks in the near-surface region are found to be relatively large, whereas buried ion tracks in the deeper region are relatively small. The results suggest that recrystallization plays an important role in the formation of small ion tracks in the deep region, whereas formation of large ion tracks in the near-surface region is likely due to the absence of recrystallization.
Ishikawa, Norito; Taguchi, Tomitsugu*; Okubo, Nariaki
Shototsu, 18(3), p.43 - 55, 2021/05
Radiation damage mechanism in ceramics irradiated with swift heavy ions has been studied by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We introduce how the mechanisms are unveiled by our recent TEM studies.
superconductorsSueyoshi, Tetsuro*; Enokihata, Ryusei*; Hidaka, Yuka*; Irie, Masahiro*; Fujiyoshi, Takanori*; Okuno, Yasuki*; Ishikawa, Norito
Physica C, 582, p.1353824_1 - 1353824_5, 2021/03
We investigated the combined effect of flux pinning by three-directional columnar defects (CDs) in a wide field-angular range of YBa
CuOy thin films, where CDs parallel to the 
-axis and CDs crossing at 
(=45
, 60 and 80) relative to the c-axis were installed by 200 MeV Xe-ion irradiations. The three-directional CDs with 
60 form a field angular curve of critical current density Jc with a broad peak centered at magnetic field (B) parallel to the -axis, whereas the Jc shows no peaks around the crossing angles of . When the crossing angle is expanded to =80, a drastic change in the field- angular behavior of Jc is induced: there is not a large enhancement of 
around B//c. We also demonstrated that the combined configuration consisting of CDs at = 0, 45, 60 and 80 provides a uniform enhancement of over a wide angular-region.
Amekura, Hiroshi*; Toulemonde, M.*; Narumi, Kazumasa*; Li, R.*; Chiba, Atsuya*; Hirano, Yoshimi*; Yamada, Keisuke*; Yamamoto, Shunya*; Ishikawa, Norito; Okubo, Nariaki; et al.
Scientific Reports (Internet), 11(1), p.185_1 - 185_11, 2021/01
We report the track formation of 10 nm in diameter in silicon irradiated with 6 MeV C
, i.e., much lower energy than the previously reported energy threshold.
Ishikawa, Norito; Taguchi, Tomitsugu*; Ogawa, Hiroaki
Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 4(4), p.43_1 - 43_14, 2020/12
Amorphizable ceramics were irradiated with 200 MeV Au ions, and the as-irradiated samples were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ion track diameter and hillock diameter are similar for all the amorphizable ceramics. For SrTiO and niobium-doped STO, 200 MeV Au ion irradiation and TEM observation were also performed. The ion track diameters in these materials are found to be markedly smaller than the hillock diameters. The ion tracks in these materials exhibit inhomogeneity, which is similar to that reported for non-amorphizable ceramics. On the other hand, the hillocks appear to be amorphous, and the amorphous feature is in contrast to the crystalline feature of hillocks observed in non-amorphizable ceramics. No marked difference is recognized between the nanostructures in STO and those in Nb-STO.
Amekura, Hiroshi*; Li, R.*; Okubo, Nariaki; Ishikawa, Norito; Chen, F.*
Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 4(4), p.39_1 - 39_11, 2020/12
Evolution of depth profiles of the refractive index in YAl
O
(YAG) crystals were studied under 200 MeV Xe ion irradiation. The index changes were observed at three different depth regions; (i) a plateau near the surface between 0 and 3 
m in depth, which can be ascribed to the electronic stopping Se, (ii) a broad peak at 6 m in depth, and (iii) a sharp dip at 13 m in depth, which is attributed to the nuclear stopping Sn peak.
by using Poisson distribution functionYamamoto, Yuki*; Ishikawa, Norito; Hori, Fuminobu*; Iwase, Akihiro*
Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 4(3), p.26_1 - 26_13, 2020/09
The lattice constant and the magnetic state of CeO are modified by the irradiation with 200 MeV Xe ions. Under the assumption that these modifications are induced in the narrow one-dimensional region (the ion track) along the ion beam path, the dependence of the lattice constant and the saturation magnetization of CeO on the Xe ion fluence can be analyzed by using the Poisson distribution function. The analysis reveals that the lattice constant inside the ion track, which is larger than outside the ion track is not affected by the overlapping of the ion track. The present result implies that the Poisson distribution function is useful for describing the effect of ion track overlapping on the ion irradiation induced ferromagnetic state in CeO.
O
Yoshioka, Satoru*; Tsuruta, Konosuke*; Yamamoto, Tomokazu*; Yasuda, Kazuhiro*; Matsumura, Sho*; Sugiyama, Takeharu*; Oba, Yojiro; Ishikawa, Norito; Kobayashi, Eiichi*; Okudaira, Koji*
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 103(8), p.4654 - 4663, 2020/08
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：40.39(Materials Science, Ceramics)X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) reveal the damaged structures in MgAlO spinel induced by swift heavy ions. SAXS indicates the formation of ion tracks with cylindrical shape with a diameter of 5 nm. XANES indicates the cationic disordering between tetrahedral and octahedral sites by the irradiation. Quantitative analysis of XANES also reveals that cations preferably occupy the octahedral sites at high fluence.
Okuno, Yasuki*; Ishikawa, Norito; Akiyoshi, Masafumi*; Ando, Hirokazu*; Harumoto, Masaki*; Imaizumi, Mitsuru*
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 59(7), p.074001_1 - 074001_7, 2020/07
Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0(Physics, Applied)Performance degradation prediction for space solar cells under irradiation with low-energy electrons is greatly affected by displacement threshold energy (Ed) when a displacement damage dose (DDD) model is used. According to recent studies, the Ed of P atoms is much lower than the conventional Ed value in InP-type solar cells irradiated with low-energy electrons. This indicates that the value of Ed typically used in DDD model leads to significant error in performance degradation prediction. In this study, degradation of AlInGaP solar cells is observed after irradiation with 60 keV electrons. The results suggest that the Ed of P atoms in AlInGaP solar cells is much smaller than the conventionally used Ed value. By using the DDD model with the Ed value obtained in this study, we demonstrated that the performance degradation predicted by the DDD model agrees well with the experimental results.
and amorphizable YAlO (YAG) crystalsAmekura, Hiroshi*; Li, R.*; Okubo, Nariaki; Ishikawa, Norito; Chen, F.*
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 474, p.78 - 82, 2020/07
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：62.87(Instruments & Instrumentation)Yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) and calcium fluoride (CaF) were irradiated with 200 MeV Xe ions. YAG crystal was transformed to an amorphous phase, whereas CaF shows the non-amorphizable nature. In spite of amorphization, YAG maintained its transparency, whereas CaF markedly loses it transparency showing a broad absorption band centered at 550 nm.
and 200 MeV Xe ion irradiationLi, R.*; Narumi, Kazumasa*; Chiba, Atsuya*; Hirano, Yu*; Tsuya, Daiju*; Yamamoto, Shunya*; Saito, Yuichi*; Okubo, Nariaki; Ishikawa, Norito; Pang, C.*; et al.
Nanotechnology, 31(26), p.265606_1 - 265606_9, 2020/06
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：24.67(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)We report the elongation of embedded Au nanoparticles (NPs) in three different matrices under irradiations of 4 MeV C ions and 200 MeV Xe ions. Large elongation of Au NPs was observed for crystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) under both 4 MeV C and 200 MeV Xe irradiation. The ITO layer preserved the crystallinity even after large elongation was induced. This is the first report of the elongation of metal NPs in a crystalline matrix.
Orlandi, R.; Hirose, Kentaro; Yaita, Tsuyoshi; Yamagami, Hiroshi; Ieda, Junichi; Kambe, Shinsaku; Ishikawa, Norito
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO
, 62(5), p.280 - 284, 2020/05
no abstracts in English
Sueyoshi, Tetsuro*; Kotaki, Tetsuya*; Furuki, Yuichi*; Fujiyoshi, Takanori*; Semboshi, Satoshi*; Ozaki, Toshinori*; Sakane, Hitoshi*; Kudo, Masaki*; Yasuda, Kazuhiro*; Ishikawa, Norito
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 59(2), p.023001_1 - 023001_7, 2020/02
Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：58.93(Physics, Applied)We show that Xe ion irradiation with 80 MeV to GdBaCuOy-coated conductors creates different morphologies of columnar defects (CDs) depending on the irradiation angles relative to the c-axis: continuous CDs with a larger diameter are formed for oblique irradiation at 
= 45, whereas the same ion beam at a different angle ( = 0) induces the formation of discontinuous CDs. The direction-dependent morphologies of CDs significantly affect the angular behavior of the critical current density .
FeOIshikawa, Norito; Taguchi, Tomitsugu*; Kitamura, Akane; Szenes, G.*; Toimil-Molares, M. E.*; Trautmann, C.*
Journal of Applied Physics, 127(5), p.055902_1 - 055902_7, 2020/02
Times Cited Count：4 Percentile：68.88(Physics, Applied)Hillock formation is one of the important aspects of radiation-induced modification of solid material. To our knowledge this is first result showing that the hillock formation in ceramics is affected by the velocity effect. The present result include Se-dependences of hillock dimensions based on precise measurement using TEM (transmission electron microscopy). The paper should be published to make researchers aware that hillock size is actually comparable to ion-track size in wide Se range. In addition, the results include important insight about the hillock formation mechanism of ceramics irradiated with swift heavy ions.
Ogawa, Tatsuhiko; Ishikawa, Norito; Kai, Takeshi
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 461, p.272 - 275, 2019/12
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：42.44(Instruments & Instrumentation)Heavy ion irradiation, which deposits energy locally in materials, is widely used to study new material modification and radiation-induced damage. So far, radial distribution of energy deposition by heavy ions were well studied. By contrast, depth profile of energy deposition was usually assumed to be uniform but the energy deposition near the incident surface is likely suppressed because the delta-rays are pushed by the incident heavy ions. In this study, spatial distribution of energy deposition in the materials exposed to heavy ions is calculated by using a track structure simulation code RITRACKS. The result showed that energy deposition is suppressed in the first 2 nm of water and that beyond 2 nm is uniform. This result can be applied to the materials other than water by scaling with electron density. It is indicated that reactor fuel pins damaged by fission products and the materials modified by heavy ions receive less energy deposition and less radiation effect in the first 2 nm.
and Nb-doped SrTiO surfaces irradiated with swift heavy ionsKitamura, Akane; Ishikawa, Norito; Kondo, Keietsu; Yamamoto, Shunya*; Yamaki, Tetsuya*
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 460, p.175 - 179, 2019/12
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：23.13(Instruments & Instrumentation)Irradiation at grazing incidence formed chains of multiple hillocks on the surface of strontium titanate (SrTiO) and titanium oxide (TiO). They were observed with an atomic force microscope (AFM), however, the AFM measurement gives resolution errors in a nanometer order due to the curvature of the probe tip. To prevent these errors, a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) would be a better option for observation. In this study, we performed SEM observations for the chains of the multiple hillocks. Single crystals of SrTiO and TiO were irradiated with 200 MeV 
Xe
in the tandem accelerator at JAEA-Tokai. It was revealed that a lot of isolated hillocks were formed in a line on these surface. The diameter and the interval of those hillocks are discussed in comparison to AFM observation.
irradiated with swift heavy ionsKitamura, Akane; Ishikawa, Norito; Kondo, Keietsu; Fujimura, Yuki; Yamamoto, Shunya*; Yamaki, Tetsuya*
Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan, 44(3), p.85 - 88, 2019/06
Swift heavy ions can create nanosized hillocks on the surfaces of various ceramics. When these materials are irradiated with swift heavy ions at normal incidence, each ion impact results in the formation of a single hillock on the surfaces. In contrast, irradiation at grazing incidence forms chains of multiple hillocks on the surface, for example, for strontium titanate (SrTiO). So far, chains of multiple hillocks have been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It should be noted that AFM measurements involve systematic errors of several nanometers due to the finite size of the probe tip. Consequently, it is possible that the image of one hillock may merge with that of a neighboring hillock even if the two hillocks are well separated. In contrast to AFM, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is a useful technique for obtaining higher-resolution images. In this study, we observed multiple nanohillocks on the surfaces of SrTiO using FE-SEM. Crystals of SrTiO(100) and 0.05 wt% Nb-doped SrTiO(100) were irradiated with 350 MeV Xe ions, respectively, at grazing incidence, where the angle between the sample surface and the beam was less than 2. On the SrTiO surface, a chain of periodic nanohillocks is created along the ion path. In contrast, black lines accompanied by hillocks are observed on the Nb-doped SrTiO surface.
; A Molecular dynamics studySasajima, Yasushi*; Ajima, Naoki*; Kaminaga, Ryuichi*; Ishikawa, Norito; Iwase, Akihiro*
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 440, p.118 - 125, 2019/02
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：23.13(Instruments & Instrumentation)In the present paper, we have extensively analyzed the atomic structures generated by supplying a thermal spike to the single crystal CeO. Our analysis results were compared with the atomic structures obtained by the microscope experiments. Our simulation reproduced the distribution of the numbers of oxygen atoms obtained from the analysis of microscope images. We found that the number of vacancies was increased abruptly immediately after the thermal spike, and the number subsequently dropped through a relaxation process within 3 ps.
Li, R.*; Pang, C.*; Amekura, Hiroshi*; Ren, F.*; H
bner, R.*; Zhou, S.*; Ishikawa, Norito; Okubo, Nariaki; Chen, F.*
Nanotechnology, 29(42), p.424001_1 - 424001_8, 2018/10
Times Cited Count：4 Percentile：32.53(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)We report on the fabrication of reshaped Ag nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a Nd:YAG crystal by combining Ag ion implantation and swift heavy Xe ion irradiation. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect is proved to be efficiently modulated according to the phenomenon of polarization-dependent absorption. The LSPR peak located at 448 nm shows red shift and blue shift at 0 degree and 90 degree polarization, respectively, which is in good agreement with calculation by discrete dipole approximation. Based on the near-field intensity distribution, the interaction between reshaped NPs shows a non-ignorable effect on the optical absorption. Furthermore, the polarization-dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity is analyzed, which is positively related to the modulated LSPR absorption. It demonstrates the potential of the enhancement of PL intensity by embedded plasmonic Ag NPs.
is not a prerequisite for the core/shell ion tracks or ion shapingAmekura, Hiroshi*; Kluth, P.*; Mota-Santiago, P.*; Sahlberg, I.*; Jantunen, V.*; Leino, A. A.*; Vazquez, H.*; Nordlund, K.*; Djurabekova, F.*; Okubo, Nariaki; et al.
Physical Review Materials (Internet), 2(9), p.096001_1 - 096001_10, 2018/09
Times Cited Count：6 Percentile：37.83(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)When a swift heavy ion (SHI) penetrates amorphous SiO, a core/shell (C/S) ion track is formed due to vaporization, where the ion track consists of a lower-density core and a higher-density shell. Here we reexamine this hypothesis. The MD simulations indicate that the vaporization is not induced under 50-MeV Si irradiation (
= 3 keV/nm), but the C/S tracks and the ion shaping of nanoparticles are nevertheless induced. Thus, the vaporization is not a prerequisite for the C/S tracks and the ion shaping.
