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JAEA Reports

Development of freezed seal valve by using test stand for LBE technology

Saito, Shigeru; Yamaguchi, Kazushi*; Yoshimoto, Hidemitsu*; Obayashi, Hironari; Sasa, Toshinobu

JAEA-Technology 2022-032, 51 Pages, 2023/03

JAEA-Technology-2022-032.pdf:4.51MB

In the Accelerator Driven System (ADS) being studied by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) for transmutation of long-lived radioactive waste, lead-bismuth eutectic alloy (LBE) is used as a spallation target and subcritical core coolant. A proton irradiation facility in J-PARC is considered to prepare a material irradiation database for ADS development. The proton irradiation facility is equipped with an LBE loop, which enables material irradiation tests in spallation environment under flowing LBE condition. The slow leakage of LBE is one of critical issue to use LBE safety. The slow leakage is caused by the biting slag and/or other materials at valve seal of drain valve. To solve this problem, JAEA examined the application of freeze-seal valve (FSV), which seal the piping by freezing LBE in specific position. Water-cooled and air-cooled freeze-seal valve test modules were fabricated, installed in the test section of the existing test stand for LBE technology development, and tested to confirm their operation and performance. As a result of the tests, it was confirmed that the water-cooled FSV test module worked well along to the design values. This report describes the outline and details of the test stand for LBE technology and each FSV test module, as well as the results of operation and performance verification tests.

JAEA Reports

Development of high temperature LBE corrosion test loop "OLLOCHI"

Saito, Shigeru; Wan, T.*; Okubo, Nariaki; Kita, Satoshi*; Obayashi, Hironari; Sasa, Toshinobu

JAEA-Technology 2021-034, 94 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Technology-2021-034.pdf:5.91MB

Lead-bismuth eutectic alloy (LBE) is a major candidate for a spallation target material and core coolant of an accelerator driven system (ADS) which has been developed in the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) to transmute high-level radioactive wastes. A proton irradiation facility to build a material irradiation database for future ADS development is under considering in the J-PARC. To realize both the ADS and the above-mentioned facility, there are many issues on operational safety of LBE to be solved. Especially, corrosion data for the major materials such as T91 (Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel) and SS316L at the temperature range between 400 and 550 $$^{circ}$$C under the conditions of flowing LBE with a controlled oxygen are not sufficient to design the ADS and the facility. JAEA developed a new large-scale corrosion test loop named "OLLOCHI (Oxygen-controlled LBE LOop for Corrosion tests in HIgh-temperature)" aiming to perform the compatibility tests between the LBE and the steels, as well as to develop the LBE operation technology. OLLOCHI has a function to automatically control the oxygen concentration in LBE. The maximum temperature at the regions of high-temperature and low-temperature of the OLLOCHI are 550 $$^{circ}$$C and 450 $$^{circ}$$C respectively to cover the ADS designed condition. As a result of 2,000 hours operation, it was demonstrated that the OLLOCHI showed the designed performance. In this report, outline of the OLLOCHI, details of the components, results of characteristic tests, and the future experimental plan are described.

Journal Articles

Flow measurement in high temperature liquid metal by using electro-magnet probe

Ariyoshi, Gen; Obayashi, Hironari; Saito, Shigeru; Sasa, Toshinobu

Proceedings of 19th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-19) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2022/03

To clarify the flow characteristics of heavy liquid-metal (HLM) is important to achieve the construction of nuclear transmutation facility that utilizes HLM as a spallation target and coolant. At present, lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) spallation target plans to be installed in Japan proton accelerator research complex (J-PARC). LBE is also selected as one of the candidate media of a spallation target and a coolant for innovative nuclear systems such as accelerator-driven system (ADS) and LBE-cooled fast reactor, due to its adequate physical/chemical properties. The characteristics of LBE flowing inside the target are usually clarified with computational fluid dynamics analysis since the measurement techniques for the HLM flow are not well established, especially for high temperature region over 450$$^{circ}$$C that is delivered from ADS's criteria. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop measurement method for flow characteristics in the high temperature LBE. A miniature electro-magnet is introduced to electro-magnetic probe to overcome the limitation caused by a curie temperature of permanent magnet. To evaluate performance of the new probe, experimental apparatus equipping annular rotating vessel were also manufactured. The new probe was applied to high temperature LBE up to 480$$^{circ}$$C. As a result, proportional induced voltage to the rotation speed of LBE were clearly observed, where excitation currents of the miniature electro-magnet were 0.2 A or 1 A. In this paper, configuration and performance of the newly developed electro-magnet probe to the high temperature LBE will be presented.

Journal Articles

Status of LBE study and experimental plan at JAEA

Saito, Shigeru; Wan, T.*; Okubo, Nariaki; Obayashi, Hironari; Watanabe, Nao; Ohdaira, Naoya*; Kinoshita, Hidetaka; Yamaki, Kenichi*; Kita, Satoshi*; Yoshimoto, Hidemitsu*; et al.

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 33, p.011041_1 - 011041_6, 2021/03

An Accelerator Driven System (ADS) for waste transmutation investigated in JAEA employs lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) as a neutron production target material and coolant. The neutrons are to be produced via the spallation with 1.5 GeV proton beam injection. As materials irradiation data are important for ADS development, JAEA plans to construct an irradiation facility with LBE neutron production target in J-PARC. There are many technical issues on LBE for practical use. In JAEA, various R&Ds are being carried out. Concerning corrosion study, conditioning operation and functional tests of OLLOCHI started. Oxygen concentration control technology has also developing. In the large scale LBE loop experiment, the operation for steady state and transient experiments was performed by using IMMORTAL. In the area of instrument, development of ultrasonic flow meter and freeze seal valve are progressing as a key technology for the LBE loop system. Investigation of behavior of impurities in LBE, which is important for design of the irradiation facility, started. In this paper, the status of the LBE studies and experimental plan will be presented.

Journal Articles

Remote handling technology for lead-bismuth spallation target system

Obayashi, Hironari; Yoshimoto, Hidemitsu*; Kita, Satoshi*; Yamaki, Kenichi*; Wan, T.*; Saito, Shigeru; Sasa, Toshinobu

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 33, p.011048_1 - 011048_6, 2021/03

Journal Articles

250 kW LBE spallation target for ADS development in J-PARC

Sasa, Toshinobu; Saito, Shigeru; Obayashi, Hironari; Ariyoshi, Gen

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 33, p.011051_1 - 011051_6, 2021/03

To realize Accelerator-driven system (ADS) for minor actinide transmutation, JAEA proposes to construct the Proton Irradiation Facility in J-PARC. The facility is planned to solve technical issues for safe application of Lead-bismuth Eutectic Alloy (LBE). The 250 kW LBE spallation target will be located in the facility to prepare material irradiation database by both proton and neutron irradiation in the temperature range for typical LBE-cooled ADS. Various studies for important technologies required to build the facilities are investigated such as oxygen concentration control, instruments development, remote handling techniques for target maintenance, and spallation target design. The large scale LBE loops for mock up the 250 kW LBE spallation target and material corrosion studies are also manufactured and applied to various experiments. The latest status of 250 kW LBE spallation target design works will be summarized.

JAEA Reports

Development of logging data processing tool for lead-bismuth experimental devices

Yamaki, Kenichi*; Kita, Satoshi*; Obayashi, Hironari; Ariyoshi, Gen; Saito, Shigeru; Sasa, Toshinobu

JAEA-Technology 2020-021, 26 Pages, 2021/02

JAEA-Technology-2020-021.pdf:2.34MB

As digitalization of measuring instruments, Programmable Logic Controller is mainly used for controlling large-scale devices, and many test devices are controlled in digital. Together with increase of the data storage capacity, it has become possible to record the measured values over the entire experimental period. By collecting the entire experimental data, it became easy to appropriately record the test environment during the corrosion test of materials and to analyze the changes and transients during continuous operation from various viewpoints. On the other hand, in a long-term test, the large number of measurement data were recorded, which requires long time for data processing and data extraction for analyses. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to organize the data collected by different data formats. To solve these problems, a processing tool were produced to extract and process the data efficiently from the sequencer installed in the lead-bismuth test device.

Journal Articles

Current Status of R&D and PIE Program for ADS Material Development in JAEA

Saito, Shigeru; Okubo, Nariaki; Obayashi, Hironari; Wan, T.; Sugawara, Takanori; Sasa, Toshinobu; Maekawa, Fujio

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 28, p.071003_1 - 071003_6, 2020/02

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) proposes transmutation of minor actinides (MA) by accelerator-driven systems (ADS). The ADS designed by JAEA is a system composed by LBE (Lead-Bismuth Eutectic) spallation target and a subcritical core. In the ADS, a beam window (BW) is exposed in complex field of heavy irradiation by proton/neutron and corrosion by flowing LBE. To develop ADS structural materials, it is of critical importance to investigate materials used in such environment. Thus, JAEA plans to construct a proton irradiation facility at the J-PARC to prepare an irradiation database for candidate ADS structural materials and to investigate irradiation effects in flowing LBE environment. In this paper, giving a whole scope of the JAEA ADS development, some results of experimental measurements and the specific program for planed R&D will be presented.

Journal Articles

Steady-state and transient experiments in mock-up of J-PARC LBE spallation target system using mock-up loop "IMMORTAL"

Obayashi, Hironari; Yamaki, Kenichi; Kita, Satoshi; Yoshimoto, Hidemitsu; Wan, T.; Saito, Shigeru; Sasa, Toshinobu

Proceedings of 18th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-18) (USB Flash Drive), p.262 - 274, 2019/08

Construction of an experimental facility using LBE spallation target is under planning in the framework of J-PARC project to understand the compatibility of candidate ADS structural materials under flowing high temperature LBE environment with proton / neutron irradiation. We constructed a mock-up test loop, IMMORTAL to verify the feasibility of a primary cooling system in the target system. Including the layout considering remote maintainability, the same design as the actual JAEA's LBE target is reflected in most devices of IMMORTAL such as an electromagnetic pump (EMP), a heat exchanger and instrumentations. During the integrated tests, the individually developed devices of LBE loop system worked without significant malfunction. Several experimental data to verify the safety analysis model for LBE loop system using RELAP5-3D was acquired by simulation experiment of transient events such as beam over power and decrease of forced cooling.

JAEA Reports

Development of prototype for TEF-T integral control system of J-PARC

Sakai, Kenji; Obayashi, Hironari; Saito, Shigeru; Sasa, Toshinobu; Sugawara, Takanori; Watanabe, Akihiko*

JAEA-Technology 2019-009, 18 Pages, 2019/07

JAEA-Technology-2019-009.pdf:2.34MB

Construction of Transmutation Experimental Facility (TEF) is under planning in the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) program to promote R&D on the transmutation technology with using accelerator driven systems (ADS). ADS Target Test Facility (TEF-T) in TEF will develop spallation target technology and study on target materials with irradiating high intensity proton beams on a lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) target. For safe and efficient beam operation, a general control system (GCS) will be constructed in TEF-T. GCS comprises several subsystems, such as a network system (LAN), an integral control system (ICS), an interlock system (ILS), and a timing distribution system (TDS) according to their roles. Especially, the ICS plays the important role that executes integral operations in the entire facility, acquires, stores and distributes operation data. We planned to develop a prototype of the ICS, to evaluate its concrete performances such as data transmission speeds, data storage capability, control functions, long-term stability of the system, and to utilize them for design of the actual ICS. This report mentions to product the prototype of ICS and to apply it to remote operations of instruments for developing LBE target technology.

Journal Articles

Design of LBE spallation target for ADS Target Test Facility (TEF-T) in J-PARC

Saito, Shigeru; Obayashi, Hironari; Wan, T.; Okubo, Nariaki; Sugawara, Takanori; Endo, Shinya; Sasa, Toshinobu

Proceedings of 13th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Applications of Accelerators (AccApp '17) (Internet), p.448 - 457, 2018/05

JAEA proposes transmutation of minor actinides by accelerator-driven systems (ADS). To obtain the data for ADS design, JAEA plans to construct the ADS Target Test Facility (TEF-T) within the framework of the J-PARC project. In TEF-T, a 250 kW proton-beam-driven LBE (Lead-Bismuth Eutectic) spallation target will be installed to prepare an irradiation database for candidate ADS structural materials. Design activities of the LBE target and target trolley have been progressed. Conceptual design of hot-cells for LBE target loop maintenance and PIE (Post Irradiation Examination) of irradiated samples have been finished. Two LBE loops were manufactured. One is a loop for TEF-T target mock-up and the other is that for collection of material corrosion characteristics in flowing LBE. Oxygen potential control systems for LBE flow have been also developed. Remote handling tests for the target exchange are underway. In this paper, current activities and studies to realize TEF-T will be presented.

Journal Articles

Design of 250kW LBE spallation target for the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC)

Sasa, Toshinobu; Saito, Shigeru; Obayashi, Hironari; Sugawara, Takanori; Wan, T.; Yamaguchi, Kazushi*; Yoshimoto, Hidemitsu

NEA/CSNI/R(2017)2 (Internet), p.111 - 116, 2017/06

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) proposes to reduce the environmental impact caused from high-level radioactive waste by using Accelerator-driven system (ADS). To realize ADS, JAEA plans to build the Transmutation Experimental Facility (TEF) within the framework of J-PARC project. For the JAEA-proposed ADS, lead-bismuth eutectic alloy (LBE) is adopted as a coolant for subcritical core and spallation target. By using TEF in J-PARC, we are planning to solve technical difficulties for LBE utilization by completion of the data for the design of ADS. The 250kW LBE spallation target will be located in TEF facility to prepare material irradiation database. Various R&Ds for important technologies required to build the facilities are investigated such as oxygen content control, instruments development, remote handling techniques for target maintenance, and spallation target design. The large scale LBE loops for 250kW target mock up and material corrosion studies are also manufactured and ready for various experiments. The latest status of 250kW LBE spallation target optimization will be described in the presentation.

Journal Articles

Status of LBE corrosion test loop "OLLOCHI" and experiments at JAEA

Saito, Shigeru; Okubo, Nariaki; Obayashi, Hironari; Sasa, Toshinobu

NEA/CSNI/R(2017)2 (Internet), p.195 - 200, 2017/06

An ADS (Accelerator Driven System) for waste transmutation investigated in JAEA employs LBE (Lead-Bismuth Eutectic) as spallation target material and core coolant. To realize future ADS and an ADS target experimental facility (TEF-T) planned for construction in J-PARC, there are many technical issues on LBE. In particular, corrosion data of relevant materials like T91 (Mod. 9Cr-1Mo) and SS316L steels at 400-550$$^{circ}$$C under oxygen concentration controlled and flowing condition are indispensable. JAEA has designed and built new LBE corrosion test loop named OLLOCHI (Oxygen-controlled LBE LOop Corrosion tests in HIgh-temperature), to obtain the corrosion data at the higher temperature. The piping of high temperature sections was made by T91 and 2.25Cr-1Mo steel. The maximum temperature of these parts is 550$$^{circ}$$C. At low temperature sections, piping and components were made by SS316L and the maximum temperature is limited to 450$$^{circ}$$C. The status for the OLLOCHI as of March 2016 is that the some modification and the conditioning operation without LBE have already finished. The oxygen sensors and the oxygen control system will be installed soon. After that, the conditioning operation with LBE and oxygen control test will be started. And more, additional flow meters will be installed in each test section until next March. In parallel with these tests, thermal hydraulic analysis of the two test sections will be performed to identify the flow pattern in the specimen holders.

Journal Articles

J-PARC transmutation experimental facility programme

Sasa, Toshinobu; Takei, Hayanori; Saito, Shigeru; Obayashi, Hironari; Nishihara, Kenji; Sugawara, Takanori; Iwamoto, Hiroki; Yamaguchi, Kazushi; Tsujimoto, Kazufumi; Oigawa, Hiroyuki

NEA/CSNI/R(2015)2 (Internet), p.85 - 91, 2015/06

Nuclear transmutation got much interested as an effective option of nuclear waste management. Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) proposes the transmutation of minor actinides (MA) by accelerator-driven system (ADS) using lead-bismuth alloy (Pb-Bi). To obtain the data for ADS design, JAEA plans to build a Transmutation Experimental Facility (TEF) in the J-PARC project. TEF consists of two buildings, an ADS target test facility (TEF-T) with 400MeV-250kW Pb-Bi target, and a Transmutation Physics Experimental Facility (TEF-P), which set up a fast critical assembly driven by low power proton beam with MA fuel. In TEF-T, irradiation test for materials, and engineering tests for Pb-Bi target operation will be performed. Various research plans such as nuclear data measurements have been proposed and layout of the experimental hall are underway. In the presentation, roadmap to establish the ADS transmutor and latest design activities for TEF construction will be summarized.

Journal Articles

Progress review of research and development on accelerator driven system in JAEA

Oigawa, Hiroyuki; Tsujimoto, Kazufumi; Sasa, Toshinobu; Kurata, Yuji; Takei, Hayanori; Saito, Shigeru; Nishihara, Kenji; Obayashi, Hironari; Sugawara, Takanori; Iwamoto, Hiroki

KURRI-KR(CD)-40 (CD-ROM), p.16 - 30, 2013/00

In JAEA, research and development on an Accelerator-Driven System (ADS) have been conducted in order to transmute minor actinides (MA) contained in high-level radioactive wastes. One unit of ADS with thermal power of 800 MW can transmute MA generated in 10 units of light water reactors with electric power of 1 GW. In JAEA, we are studying variety of technical areas such as a superconducting proton accelerator, a spallation target including a beam window and a subcritical core including neutronics design and safety assessment. Moreover, construction of the Transmutation Experimental Facility is being planned as a phase-2 program of the J-PARC project to perform basic experiments for transmutation technology.

Journal Articles

Transmutation by Adiabatic Resonance Crossing Experiment (TARC) benchmarking

Ismailov, K.*; Nishihara, Kenji; Sasa, Toshinobu; Sugawara, Takanori; Saito, Masaki*

Annals of Nuclear Energy, 38(10), p.2180 - 2186, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:32.68(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In present study the benchmarking of TARC experiment was done. MCNPX code with JENDL-HE, JENDL-4, JENDL-3.3 and LA-150 nuclear data libraries were used for simulations. The calculated neutron fluences, energy-time correlations of resonance reactions and transmutation rates of $$^{99}$$Tc and $$^{127,129}$$I were compared with experimental measurements. On the base of comparative analysis of simulations the validation of nuclear data libraries was performed and recommendations were given, as follows: (1) the JENDL-4 library contains better neutron elastic cross-section data for natural lead in energy range from 0.01 eV to 100 eV comparing to other considered data libraries; (2) the JENDL-HE (JENDL-3.3) has better neutron inelastic scattering cross-sections for lead in energy range of 1-3 MeV, although the experimental errors in neutron fluence are rather large; (3) neutron capture cross-sections of $$^{129}$$I in JENDL-4 library should be used for $$^{129}$$I transmutation process simulations.

Journal Articles

Role of ADS in the back-end of the fuel cycle strategies and associated design activities; The Case of Japan

Oigawa, Hiroyuki; Tsujimoto, Kazufumi; Nishihara, Kenji; Sugawara, Takanori; Kurata, Yuji; Takei, Hayanori; Saito, Shigeru; Sasa, Toshinobu; Obayashi, Hironari

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 415(3), p.229 - 236, 2011/08

 Times Cited Count:47 Percentile:95.92(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

The Partitioning and Transmutation (P&T) technology provides the possibility to reduce the amount of the radiotoxic inventory of the high-level radioactive waste dramatically and to extend the repository capacity. The accelerator-driven system (ADS) is regarded as a powerful tool to effectively transmute minor actinides. The ADS has a potential to flexibly manage MA in the transient phase from light water reactors to fast breeder reactors (FBRs), and can co-exist with FBR symbiotically and complementarily to enhance the reliability and the safety of the commercial FBR cycle. The concept of ADS in JAEA is a lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled subcritical reactor. The design study was performed mainly for the subcritical reactor and the spallation target. In Japan, Atomic Energy Commission has implemented the check and review (C&R) on P&T technology from 2008 to 2009, and discussed the benefit of P&T technology, the current status of the R&D, and the way forward to promote it.

JAEA Reports

Feasibility study for transmutation system using lead-bismuth cooled accelerator-driven system

Tsujimoto, Kazufumi; Nishihara, Kenji; Takei, Hayanori; Sugawara, Takanori; Kurata, Yuji; Saito, Shigeru; Obayashi, Hironari; Sasa, Toshinobu; Kikuchi, Kenji*; Tezuka, Masao; et al.

JAEA-Research 2010-012, 59 Pages, 2010/07

JAEA-Research-2010-012.pdf:2.0MB

The design of an accelerator-driven system was modified and its feasibility was investigated on the basis of new data and knowledge for corrosion by lead-bismuth eutectic and irradiation behavior of candidate materials. The neutronics and thermal design was carried out and a modified core concept was established. As a result of evaluation for the integrity of fuel cladding tubes and a beam window, it was confirmed that their structural strength was sufficient under the conditions of design temperature and corrosion environment without irradiation. Though irradiation effects on material properties were considered not to be so serious under the practical conditions of the ADS according to existing irradiation data, it was needed to accumulate further experimental data for more detailed evaluation. According to level-1 PSA and dynamic analysis of beyond-design-basis accidents, it was shown that there was little possibility of core disruption and re-criticality accidents for ADS.

JAEA Reports

Maintenance of the pump for the primary cooling system in JRR-3

Ouchi, Yasuhiro; Ito, Masatoshi; Oba, Toshinobu; Kawamata, Satoshi; Ishizaki, Katsuhiko

JAEA-Technology 2009-038, 38 Pages, 2009/07

JAEA-Technology-2009-038.pdf:2.87MB

The primary cooling system of JRR-3 is one of important facility which removes heat from reactor core. Therefore, it is necessary for safe and stable reactor operation to keep performance of four pumps which are main equipments of primary cooling system. These four pumps have been checked and maintained appropriately since the operation of JRR-3 started. Maintenance items and its records of primary cooling pumps are reported in this paper. Furthermore, aging problems of primary cooling pumps is investigated to contribute to management for maintenance of primary cooling pumps.

Journal Articles

Research and development programme on ADS in JAEA

Takei, Hayanori; Ouchi, Nobuo; Sasa, Toshinobu; Hamaguchi, Dai; Kikuchi, Kenji*; Kurata, Yuji; Nishihara, Kenji; Obayashi, Hironari; Saito, Shigeru; Sugawara, Takanori; et al.

Proceedings of International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Research Applications and Utilization of Accelerators (CD-ROM), 11 Pages, 2009/05

JAEA has been promoting the research and development (R&D) on accelerator-driven subcritical system (ADS) as a dedicated system for the transmutation of long-lived radioactive nuclides. The ADS proposed by JAEA is a lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled, tank-type subcritical reactor with a thermal power of 800 MW driven by a superconducting linac. The R&D activities can be divided into two categories: one is the design study and technical development for a future large-scale ADS, and the other is the experimental programme at the Transmutation Experimental Facility (TEF) under the J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) project. As for the design study of the future ADS, the reliability of the accelerator is being investigated based on the data analysis of existing linac facilities. As for the technical development of the superconducting linac, fabrication and tests of prototype cryomodule were carried out, and its good performance was demonstrated. As for the TEF development, design study including experimental device to handle minor actinide fuels is being conducted.

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