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Yamamoto, Ken; Kobori, Tetsuo; Kanegae, Naomichi; Ozawa, Kenji; Komiya, Kazuyoshi; Tsubota, Toshihide; Nakashima, Fumiaki; Noda, Kimio; Suzuki, Takeo; Yoshino, Kenichi; et al.
PNC TN2450 93-001, 190 Pages, 1993/03
no abstracts in English
Kanegae, Naomichi*; ; Daigo, Yoshimichi; ;
PNC TN941 78-91, 214 Pages, 1978/10
Seven PNC Type In-Sodium Hydrogen Meter Type-II were designed and manufactured to confirm that these meters will be applicable to the "MONJU" plant, and they have been installed and operated without any troubles in several testrigs of O-arai Engineering Center, Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation. These meters were improved from the Type-I reported previously, and a new vacuum system named as "Separation Type of Dynamic and Static Chamber" was developed and applied to the Type-II. In this new system, the dynamic and the static chamber are separated from each other in the vacuum system, so that the operation method become very simpler and it becomes possible to calibrate these meters with more accurately and shorter time. This paper explains the basic design specifications, the detail constructions and the test results of in-sodium tests including the calibration and the response characteristics in case of sodium-water reactions were occured. The following results were obtained. (1)The separation type of dynamic and static chamber is effective to simplify the operation method and to improve the accuracy of calibration of hydrogen meter. (2)The optimum design method of hydrogen meter reported preveously was established by several experiences of designing, manufacturing and operating of the Type-II and also the Type-I. (3)Several infomations applicable to the hydrogen meter of the MONJU plant were obtained, and a prospect that this Type-II hydrogen meter will be able to be used in MONJU plant was obtained. Now, long term operation test in sodium is under conducting for confirming life time or characteristics of operation time dependency of the Type-II meters in O-arai Engineering Center.
Kanegae, Naomichi*; ; Daigo, Yoshimichi;
PNC TN941 78-85, 187 Pages, 1978/01
This report describes the PNC In-sodium Hydrogen meter Type-1 which is manufactured for establishment of the optimum design methods of hydrogen meter reported previously. This type-1 meter is now under operating without any troubles in the Small Sodium-Water Reaction Test Facility (SWAT-2) of PNC-Oarai Engineering Center. This report explains the design specifications, the detail constructions and the test results of in-sodium and in-gas tests and also explains several new informations obtained during designing and manufacturing Type-1 meter, as follows, (1)Three basic objects were established, the first one is to make this meter including sodium system, simple and compact, the second one is that this meter is to have a function of concentration monitor and the last one is that this meter is to have a function of leak detector. (2)Several informations such as, methods of leak tests after welding of nickel membrain, a new type vacuum gauge for detecting low vacuum region, the baking conditions of the vacuum side and the self-pumping effects of vacuum gauges were obtained. Based on these results, advanced meters called as Type-2 is now under designing and manufacturing and a long term operation test in sodium will be held for confirming several characteristics of these meters on the assumption that these meters will be used in the MONJU Plant.
Kanegae, Naomichi*; ; ;
PNC TN941 76-30, 80 Pages, 1976/03
This report describes the suitable way how to design a nickel membrane-ion pump type hydrogen meter or how to select nickel thickness, area, ion pump speed, their combination, volume of vacuum system and surface of vacuum side. These are based on the test results obtained from the Small Sodium-Water Reaction Test Facility (SWAT-2) of PNC using several types of hydrogen meter in sodium. In conclusion, two characteristic diagrams of designing are obtained as follows. (1)Characteristic diagram for dynamic equilibrium mode; The area (A) and thickness of nickel and the ion pump speed (S) or the best combination value (S/A) for a required hydrogen concentration level and it's change are determined from this diagram. That is, this diagram includes all essentials for the dynamic equilibrium mode operations of the hydrogen meters. (2)Characteristic diagram for static equilibrium mode ; The area of vacuum system, the volume of vacuum side and the necessary grade of surface treatment of the vacuum pipe are determined by this diagram for a required accuracy of calibration. That is, this diagram includes all essentials for the static equilibrium mode operations of the hydrogen meters. In addition, a design process of model case which indicates the basic specification of the PNC Type Hydrogen Meter now unber manufacturing are described using these characteristic diagram.
Kanegae, Naomichi*; ; ; ; ; ; Hiyama, Kunihiko*; Takahashi, Tadao*
PNC TN941 76-29, 55 Pages, 1976/03
Generally, in the phenomena of hydrogen permeation or diffusion through nickel membrane, the relationship between the measured pressure P
(pressure in vacuum side (mmHg)) and P
(partial pressure of hydrogen in sodium (mmHg)) should be according half-power low, [P 
P
] But some report indicated that the above equation is not realized, and the same phenomenon was also observed in our in-sodium experiments of the SWAT-2 and 50MWSGTF at PNC. This phenomenon is very important in the desigen detectors. An in gas experiment (range of P
; 10
10
mmHg, temperature; 5 stages of 216
C 505C) was performed using the Nickel Membrane Ionpump Type Hydrogen Detectors (Thickness:0.25m, Area: 150cm) in the 50MW Steam Generator Test Facility of PNC, and empirical results for the pressure dependence effect on the permeability K that could be employed in the design of hydrogen detectors were obtained as follow, (1)When P 
0.5 Torr, K is found to be independent of pressure and the temperature dependence is expressed as [K=k exp (-E/RT)] Where, K is a constant, R the gas constant, E the activation energy and T the temperature. (2) When P 0.5 Torr, permeability K
is expressed as [K = K
b P
] Where K is the same as above equation, b and m are constants. This indicates that the pressure dependence of pemeability in the low pressure range tends to be expressed by the Freundlich's adsorption isotherm equation. From the experiments, b and m are determined as follows (these were found to be independent of temperature): [b=1.25, m=2.8] (3) If the relationship between P and P
is written as [P
P
the combination of n and m yielde the following equation [ 1/n = 1/m + 1/2] The value of n was extracted from the data of in-sodium hydrogen detectors in SCTI, Phenix, PNC(SWAT-2,
; ; ; ; Kanegae, Naomichi*;
PNC TN941 76-28, 60 Pages, 1976/03
This report Summarizes the test results obtained from the in-sodium hydrogen meters in Small Sodlum-Water Reaction Test Facility (SWAT-2). The calibration tests and operating characteristics of the hydrogen meters, and the response characteristics of the meters to the water injections have been performed. Moreover, some parametric studies have been conducted for design considerations for the in-sodium hydrogen meters. Important findings from these experiments are ; (1)Accurate monitoring of hydrogen concentration in sodium can be done dy the dynamic and static equilibrium calibration methods. (2)Considerable pressure dependence of the hydrogen permeability through nickel membrane has been observed. (3)The drift of meter output has been observed of the Varian-type hydrogen meter after several water injection tests. (4)The comparison of the response characteristics of the Varian- and PNC-MAPI-type meters indicated that the response time was nearly the same but the Varian-type showed the better sensitivity. (5)In determining the hydrogen partial pressure in sodium by the static equilibrium method, outgassing from the vacuum system wall must be taken into account in the case of low pressure range while, in the high pressure range, the pumping effect of the ionization gauge filament must be considerered.
Kanegae, Naomichi*; ; ; ; ;
PNC TN941 76-27, 110 Pages, 1976/03
This report summarizes the research activity of small leak sodium-water reaction for the period of February 1, 1975 to February 29, 1976. Dependence of wastage rate on the nozzle-to-target distance and the self-wastage phenomenon are studied for samll leak rates ranging from 0.07 to 13.8 g/sec. The self-enlargement of nozzle on the sodium side has been metallurgically examined and an analytical model has been developed to describe the self-wastage rate and its mechanism. The tests have been conducted in the SWAT-2 Test Loop for the fixed sodium temperature of 480C and velocity 0.24m/sec. The nozzle diameters tested range from 0.2 to 1.5mm, nozzle-to-target distance 5 to 100mm, and the L/D 12 to 400. Target tube material tested is 2.25Cr-1Mo steel. From the test results, the range of L/D was identified for which the maximum wastage rate was observed. Also observed was the pit and toroidal pattern of wastage for the high and low L/D respectively.Moreover, no self-wastage was evident for a small L/D (initial value less than 5. Finally, the test results and accompanying analysis are applied to the steam generator safety graph for Monju type SG design and size.
Kanegae, Naomichi*; ; ; ; ; ; Shimoyashiki, Shigehiro*
PNC TN941 76-26, 60 Pages, 1976/03
The Small Leak Sodium-Water Reaction Test Rig (SWAT-2) has been operated since April 1972, and a total of one hundred and seven (107) experiments of steam injection into sodium were carried out through July 1975. The total accumulative operating time of 2600 hours, the condition of sodium at near 500C, high impurity level (by steam injection), thermal shock considerations due to sodium charge and drain, etc. made it necessary to study the likeliness of the facility life reduction. It is therefore the purpose of this study to evaluate the lifespan of the SWAT-2 facility by material examination of the pipings. The result of the material examination was expected to help the basic understanding of the wastage mechanism due to sodium-water reaction. The result, however, revealed that no detectable amount of caustic corrosion or decrease in material strength were evident.
