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Sato, Tetsuya; Asai, Masato; Borschevsky, A.*; Beerwerth, R.*; Kaneya, Yusuke*; Makii, Hiroyuki; Mitsukai, Akina*; Nagame, Yuichiro; Osa, Akihiko; Toyoshima, Atsushi; et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140(44), p.14609 - 14613, 2018/11
Times Cited Count：4 Percentile：21.13(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)The first ionization potential (IP
) yields information on valence electronic structure of an atom. IP values of heavy actinides beyond einsteinium (Es, Z = 99), however, have not been determined experimentally so far due to the difficulty in obtaining these elements on scales of more than one atom at a time. Recently, we successfully measured IP of lawrencium (Lr, Z = 103) using a surface ionization method. The result suggests that Lr has a loosely-bound electron in the outermost orbital. In contrast to Lr, nobelium (No, Z = 102) is expected to have the highest IP among the actinide elements owing to its full-filled 5f and the 7s orbitals. In the present study, we have successfully determined IP values of No as well as fermium (Fm, Z = 100) and mendelevium (Md, Z = 101) using the surface ionization method. The obtained results indicate that the IP value of heavy actinoids would increase monotonically with filling electrons up in the 5f orbital like heavy lanthanoids.
Sato, Tetsuya; Asai, Masato; Borschevsky, A.*; Stora, T.*; Sato, Nozomi*; Kaneya, Yusuke; Tsukada, Kazuaki; D
llmann, C. E.*; Eberhardt, K.*; Eliav, E.*; et al.
EPJ Web of Conferences (Internet), 131, p.05001_1 - 05001_6, 2016/12
Percentile：100Ionization efficiency in a surface ionization process depends on the first ionization potential of the atom. Based on the dependence, the ionization potential of the atom can be determined. We measured ionization efficiencies of fermium, einsteinium, mendelevium, and lawrencium by using a newly developed gas-jet coupled surface ion-source. The ionization potential of the elements have not been determined so far due to their low production rates and/or their short half-lives. Based on a relationship between the ionization efficiency and the ionization potential obtained via measurements of short-lived lanthanide isotopes, the ionization potentials of these actinide elements have been successfully determined.
Eichler, R.*; Asai, Masato; Brand, H.*; Chiera, N. M.*; Di Nitto, A.*; Dressler, R.*; Dllmann, Ch. E.*; Even, J.*; Fangli, F.*; Goetz, M.*; et al.
EPJ Web of Conferences (Internet), 131, p.07005_1 - 07005_7, 2016/12
Percentile：100In recent years gas-phase chemical studies assisted by physical pre-separation allowed for the productions and investigations of fragile single molecular species of superheavy elements. The latest highlight is the formation of very volatile hexacarbonyl compound of element 106, Sg(CO)
. Following this success, second-generation experiments were performed to measure the first bond dissociation energy between the central metal atom and the surrounding ligand. The method using a tubular decomposition reactor was developed and successfully applied to short-lived Mo(CO), W(CO), and Sg(CO).
at the single-atom levelSteinegger, P.*; Asai, Masato; Dressler, R.*; Eichler, R.*; Kaneya, Yusuke*; Mitsukai, Akina*; Nagame, Yuichiro; Piguet, D.*; Sato, Tetsuya; Sch
del, M.; et al.
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 120(13), p.7122 - 7132, 2016/04
Times Cited Count：8 Percentile：42.61(Chemistry, Physical)A new experimental method "vacuum chromatography" has been developed to measure adsorption enthalpy of superheavy elements, and its feasibility has been examined using short-lived thallium isotopes. The short-lived thallium isotopes were produced at the JAEA tandem accelerator. The thallium ion beam prepared with an on-line isotope separator which ionized and mass-separated the thallium isotopes was injected into an isothermal vacuum chromatography apparatus. A temperature-dependent adsorption property of thallium atom on SiO surface were measured. The adsorption enthalpy of thallium was determined to be 158 kJ/mol. The thallium is a homolog of element 113. Thus, the vacuum chromatography developed in this study enables us to perform chemical experiments for short-lived superheavy elements with half-lives of a order of one second.
and W(CO)Usoltsev, I.*; Eichler, R.*; Wang, Y.*; Even, J.*; Yakushev, A.*; Haba, Hiromitsu*; Asai, Masato; Brand, H.*; Di Nitto, A.*; Dllmann, Ch. E.*; et al.
Radiochimica Acta, 104(3), p.141 - 151, 2016/03
Times Cited Count：8 Percentile：10.94(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)Conditions of the production and decomposition of hexacarbonyl complexes of short-lived Mo and W isotopes were investigated to study thermal stability of the heaviest group 6 hexacarbonyl complex Sg(CO). A tubular flow reactor was tested to decompose the hexacarbonyl complexes and to extract the first bond dissociation energies. A silver was found to be the most appropriate reaction surface to study the decomposition of the group 6 hexacarbonyl. It was found that the surface temperature at which the decomposition occurred was correlated to the first bond dissociation energy of Mo(CO) and W(CO), indicating that the first bond dissociation energy of Sg(CO) could be determined with this technique.
Sato, Tetsuya; Asai, Masato; Borschevsky, A.*; Stora, T.*; Sato, Nozomi; Kaneya, Yusuke; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Dllmann, Ch. E.*; Eberhardt, K.*; Eliav, E.*; et al.
Nature, 520(7546), p.209 - 211, 2015/04
Times Cited Count：59 Percentile：1.63(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Ionization efficiency in a surface ionization process depends on the first ionization potential of the atom. Based on the dependence, the ionization potential of the atom can be determined. We successfully measured ionization efficiencies of lawrencium (Lr, 
=103) using a gas-jet coupled surface ion-source. The ionization potential of Lr has not been determined owing to its low production rate and its short half-life. Based on a relationship between the ionization efficiency and the ionization potential obtained via measurements of short-lived lanthanide isotopes, the ionization potential of Lr was determined.
Even, J.*; Ackermann, D.*; Asai, Masato; Block, M.*; Brand, H.*; Di Nitto, A.*; Dllmann, Ch. E.*; Eichler, R.*; Fan, F.*; Haba, Hiromitsu*; et al.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 303(3), p.2457 - 2466, 2015/03
Times Cited Count：6 Percentile：28.02(Chemistry, Analytical)Rapid In situ synthesis of metal carbonyl complexes has been demonstrated using short-lived isotopes produced in nuclear fission and fusion reactions. The short-lived isotopes with high recoil energy directly react with carbon-monoxides and form carbonyl complexes. Only highly volatile complexes were fast transported in a gas stream to counting and chemistry devices. Short-lived Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, W, Re, Os, and Ir were found to form volatile carbonyl complexes, while no volataile complex of Hf and Ta were detected. This technique has been applied to a chemical investigation of the superheavy element Sg (atomic number 106), and will be applicable to various fields of nuclear science with short-lived transition metal isotopes.
gas-jet system coupled to a surface-ionization type ion-source in JAEA-ISOL; towards determination of the first ionization potential of Lr (Z = 103)Sato, Tetsuya; Asai, Masato; Sato, Nozomi; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Oe, Kazuhiro*; Miyashita, Sunao*; Kaneya, Yusuke; Osa, Akihiko; Schdel, M.; et al.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 303(2), p.1253 - 1257, 2015/02
Times Cited Count：5 Percentile：43.49(Chemistry, Analytical)We have developed a surface-ionization ion-source coupled to the He/CdI
gas-jet transport system for the Isotope Separator On-Line (ISOL) at the JAEA tandem accelerator for experimental determination of the first ionization potential of lawrencium (Lr, 
). We performed to ionize a short-lived Lr isotope and various lanthanide isotopes. We successfully observed mass-separated ions of 
Lr by using our present system at the first time. The first ionization potential of Lr was evaluated based on a correlation between of effective ionization potential and ionization efficiency of short-lived lanthanide isotopes in our system.
Even, J.*; Yakushev, A.*; Dllmann, Ch. E.*; Haba, Hiromitsu*; Asai, Masato; Sato, Tetsuya; Brand, H.*; Di Nitto, A.*; Eichler, R.*; Fan, F. L.*; et al.
Science, 345(6203), p.1491 - 1493, 2014/09
Times Cited Count：35 Percentile：17.05(Multidisciplinary Sciences)A new superheavy element complex, a seaborgium carbonyl, has been successfully synthesized, and its adsorption property has been studied using a cryo-thermochromatography and 
-detection apparatus COMPACT. Nuclear reaction products of short-lived 
Sg preseparated with a gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS at RIKEN were directly injected into a gas cell filled with He/CO mixture gas, and chemical reaction products of volatile carbonyl complexes were trasported to COMPACT. The Sg carbonyl complex detected with COMPACT was found to be very volatile with adsorption enthalpy of 
50 kJ/mol, from which we have concluded that this complex should be a Sg hexacarbonyl Sg(CO). This is the first synthesis of organometallic compounds of transactinide elements for which only simple inorganic comounds have been synthesized so far.
/Md
reduction potential studied with flow electrolytic chromatographyToyoshima, Atsushi; Li, Z.*; Asai, Masato; Sato, Nozomi; Sato, Tetsuya; Kikuchi, Takahiro; Kaneya, Yusuke; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Nagame, Yuichiro; et al.
Inorganic Chemistry, 52(21), p.12311 - 12313, 2013/11
Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：78.65(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)The reduction behavior of mendelevium (Md) was studied using a flow electrolytic chromatography apparatus. By applying appropriate potentials on the chromatography column, the more stable Md is reduced to Md. The reduction potential of the Md + e
Md couple was determined to be -0.16
0.05 V vs. a normal hydrogen electrode.
Sato, Tetsuya; Sato, Nozomi; Asai, Masato; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Oe, Kazuhiro; Miyashita, Sunao; Schdel, M.; Kaneya, Yusuke*; Nagame, Yuichiro; et al.
Review of Scientific Instruments, 84(2), p.023304_1 - 023304_5, 2013/02
Times Cited Count：12 Percentile：38.8(Instruments & Instrumentation)We have developed the surface ion-source coupled to the He/CdI gas-jet transport system to measure the ionization potential of Lr atatom-at-a-time conditions. We successfully ionized and mass-separated for the first time Lr ions by applying the present ion-source and the ISOL technique. The ionization efficiencies of Lr were estimated to be approximately 42% and 24% at 2600 K on Re and Ta surfaces, respectively. These values were higher than those of Lu in all of ionization condition. The results indicate that the ionization potential of Lr would be lower than that of Lu, 5.4 eV. Therefore, it is concluded that the surface ion-source is a promising apparatus tomeasure the first ionization potential of Lr. Using the present system, determination of the ionization potential of Lr is being performed.
I and 
Cs in soil samples and a simplified calculation of cascade summing corrections for volume sourceAsai, Masato; Kaneya, Yusuke*; Sato, Tetsuya; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Oe, Kazuhiro; Sato, Nozomi; Toyoshima, Atsushi
Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences (Internet), 12(1), p.5 - 10, 2012/06
To measure radioactivities in soil contaminated by the accident of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, efficiency calibration of Ge detectors for I, Cs, and 
Cs in volume sources was investigated. 
-ray detection efficiencies for these nuclei were determined precisely using standard soil samples containing Cs, Cs, 
Hf, and 
Zr. These standard sources were prepared by admixing radioactive solutions with soil, and point sources were made from the same solutions to determine their radioactivity concentrations. Cascade summing corrections for rays of Cs in soil samples were evaluated experimentally. To easily calculate the cascade summing corrections for volume sources, we examined a simplified method using averaged efficiencies, and evaluated its validity through a comparison of the calculated correction factors with the experimental ones.
mixed solutions; Towards the study of ion-exchange behavior of 
SgLiang, X.; Li, Z.; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Asai, Masato; Sato, Tetsuya; Sato, Nozomi; Kikuchi, Takahiro; Kaneya, Yusuke; Nagame, Yuichiro
no journal, ,
Anion-exchange behavior of the group-6 elements, W and Mo, in HF and HNO mixed solutions has been studied by a batch method using the carrier-free radiotracers 
W and 
Mo. The long-lived isotope 
W and the short-lived isotope Mo were produced in the Ta(p,n) and the 
Nb(p,n) reaction at the JAEA tandem accelerator, respectively. The solutions containing W or Mo were mixed with anion exchange resin. Radioactivities of the solution were assayed for -ray spectrometry, and then distribution coefficients (K
s) of these elements were determined. It was found that the K values of W depend strongly on the concentration of HF, while those of Mo are almost constant as a function of [HF] under the given conditions.
Sato, Nozomi; Asai, Masato; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Sato, Tetsuya; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Li, Z.; Kikuchi, Takahiro; Kaneya, Yusuke*; Ichikawa, Shinichi; Nagame, Yuichiro; et al.
no journal, ,
It is important to determine the first ionization potentials (IPs) of the heaviest elements with atomic number Z 
100 to understand their valence electronic structure affected by relativistic effects. Due to low production rates and short half-lives of the heaviest nuclides, IPs of these elements have not been so far determined. We are developing a surface-ionization-type ion source coupled to a gas-jet transport system in the Isotope Separator On-Line (ISOL) at the JAEA tandem accelerator facility to measure the IP of the heaviest actinide, lawrencium (Lr, Z = 103). In the symposium, we report the present status of the development of the apparatus. Production yield measurements of Lr (half-life 27 s), that is suitable for this study, will be also presented.
Sato, Tetsuya; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Asai, Masato; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Kasamatsu, Yoshitaka*; Li, Z.; Sato, Nozomi; Kikuchi, Takahiro; Liang, X. H.*; Kaneya, Yusuke*; et al.
no journal, ,
To investigate chemical properties of the superheavy element dubnium (Db, Z = 105), we have so far developed an on-line isothermal gas chromatographic apparatus. In this work, the on-line experiments with group-5 elements, Nb and Ta, using short-lived isotopes 
Nb and 
Ta as the homologues of Db were carried out. We determined optimum conditions to produce volatile compounds of the elements. Under the obtained conditions, overall efficiencies of the volatile compounds were measured as a function of the isothermal temperature in chlorinating condition with mixture of nitrogen gas and the SOCl vapor containing 1% oxygen. Based on the isothermal gas chromatographic behavior of them, it was found that Ta compounds would be less volatile than Nb ones.
Sato, Tetsuya; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Asai, Masato; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Sato, Nozomi; Li, Z.; Kikuchi, Takahiro; Kaneya, Yusuke*; Nagame, Yuichiro; Schdel, M.
no journal, ,
We have successfully developed an on-line isothermal gas chromatographic apparatus for the study of gas chemistry of the transactinide elements dubnium (Db, Z = 105). Isothermal gas chromatographic behavior of oxychlorides of Nb and Ta, as the lighter homologues of Db, were observed, and the adsorption enthalpies of the Nb and Ta compounds on a quartz surface were determined. Db was also chemical separated in the similar condition.
Toyoshima, Atsushi; Oe, Kazuhiro; Li, Z.*; Asai, Masato; Sato, Nozomi; Sato, Tetsuya; Kikuchi, Takahiro; Kaneya, Yusuke*; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Tsukada, Kazuaki; et al.
no journal, ,
Electrochemical study of mendelevium (Md) with flow electrolytic column chromatography is presented. The 
Md isotope was produced in the 
Cm(
B, 4
) reaction at the JAEA tandem accelerator. In applying a negative voltage on the column electrode, Md was eluted with 0.1 M HCl. This behavior is quite similar to that of Sr and Eu, clearly indicating that most stable Md is reduced to Md
. We determined the redox potential of Md to be approximately -0.18 V versus a standard hydrogen electrode.
Sato, Nozomi; Asai, Masato; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Sato, Tetsuya; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Li, Z.*; Oe, Kazuhiro; Kikuchi, Takahiro; Kaneya, Yusuke*; Schdel, M.; et al.
no journal, ,
The first ionization potential (IP) of the last actinide, lawrencium (Lr), is predicted to be lower than those of other actinides. To determine the IP of Lr based on the surface ionization comparison technique, we are developing a surface-ionization-type ion-source coupled to a gas-jet transport system at the Isotope Separator On-Line at the JAEA tandem accelerator facility. In the present study, we measured ionization efficiencies of lanthanides as a function of ion-source temperature to examine the applicability of our apparatus to the IP measurement. It was found that the obtained ionization efficiency of each lanthanide element is affected by an ionization potential as well as a boiling point.
Toyoshima, Atsushi; Li, Z.*; Asai, Masato; Sato, Nozomi; Sato, Tetsuya; Oe, Kazuhiro; Kikuchi, Takahiro; Kaneya, Yusuke*; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Tsukada, Kazuaki; et al.
no journal, ,
Redox potential of mendelevium (Md) was determined with flow electrolytic chromatography. Mendelevium-255 with a half-life of 27 min was produced in the Cm(B, 4) reaction at the JAEA tandem accelerator. Reaction products transported by a KCl/He gas-jet method were collected on a chemistry apparatus. After removing KCl with HDEHP column chromatography, elution behavior of Md in 0.10 M HCl was investigated with a flow electrolytic column apparatus at the applied potentials between -0.3 and -0.6 V vs. a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. At -0.3 V, elution behavior of Md was the same as that of 
Bk, showing that the stable Md was not reduced to the divalent state. At -0.6 V, elution of Md was quite similar to that of Sr, demonstrating that Md was successfully reduced to Md. From the behavior of Md against the applied potentials, we evaluated its redox potential to be -0.400.03 V.
Sato, Nozomi; Asai, Masato; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Sato, Tetsuya; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Li, Z.*; Kikuchi, Takahiro; Kaneya, Yusuke*; Schdel, M.; Nagame, Yuichiro; et al.
no journal, ,
The first ionization potential (IP) of the last actinide, lawrencium (Lr), is predicted to be lower than those of other actinides. To determine the IP of Lr based on the surface ionization comparison technique, we are developing a surface-ionization-type ion-source coupled to a gas-jet transport system at the Isotope Separator On-Line at the JAEA tandem accelerator facility. In the present study, we measured ionization efficiencies of lanthanides as a function of ion-source temperature to examine the applicability of our apparatus to the IP measurement. It was found that the obtained ionization efficiency of each lanthanide element is affected by an ionization potential as well as a boiling point.
