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Journal Articles

A Study on removal mechanisms of cesium aerosol from noble gas bubble in sodium pool, 3; Measurement of decontamination factors in water simulation test

Koie, Ryusuke*; Kawaguchi, Munemichi*; Miyahara, Shinya*; Uno, Masayoshi*; Seino, Hiroshi

Proceedings of 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE 29) (Internet), 4 Pages, 2022/08

In order to investigate removal mechanisms of cesium aerosol from noble gas bubble in sodium pool, we performed a water simulation test to measure the decontamination factors of simulant aerosols with nitrogen gas bubbles rising through the water pool. As a result, it was found that the decontamination factors increased with the increase in the aerosol diameter and the water pool depth.

Journal Articles

Phase-field mobility for crystal growth rates in undercooled silicates, SiO$$_2$$ and GeO$$_2$$ liquids

Kawaguchi, Munemichi; Uno, Masayoshi*

Journal of Crystal Growth, 585, p.126590_1 - 126590_7, 2022/05

Phase-field mobility, $$L$$, and crystal growth rates in crystallization of 11 oxides or mixed oxides in undercooled silicates, SiO$$_2$$ and GeO$$_2$$ liquids were calculated with a simple phase-field model (PFM), and material dependence of the $$L$$ was discussed. Ratios between experimental crystal growth rates and the PFM simulation with $$L=1$$ were confirmed to be proportional to a power of $$frac{TDelta T}{eta}$$ on the solid/liquid interface process during the crystal growth in a log-log plot. We determined that parameters, $$A$$ and $$B$$, of the $$L=A(frac{k_{B}TDelta T}{6pi^{2}lambda^{3}eta T_{m} })^{B}$$ were $$A=6.7times 10^{-6}$$ to $$2.6$$m$$^4$$J$$^{-1}$$s$$^{-1}$$ and $$B=0.65$$ to $$1.3$$, which were unique for the materials. It was confirmed that our PFM simulation with the determined $$L$$ reproduced quantitively the experimental crystal growth rates. The $$A$$ has a proportional relationship with the diffusion coefficient of a cation molar mass average per unit an oxygen molar mass at $$T_{m}$$ in a log-log graph. The $$B$$ depends on the sum of the cation molar mass per the oxygen molar mass, $$frac{Sigma_{i}M_{i}}{M_{O}}$$, in a compound. In $$frac{Sigma_{i}M_{i}}{M_{O}}leq 25$$, the $$B$$ decreases with the cation molar mass increasing. The assumed cause is that the B represents the degree of the temperature dependence of the $$L$$. Since the cation molar mass is proportional to an inertial resistance of the cation transfer, the $$B$$ decreases with inverse of the cation molar mass. In crystallization of the silicates of heavy cation in $$frac{Sigma_{i}M_{i}}{M_{O}}geq 25$$, the $$B$$ saturates at approximately 0.67, which leads to $$T_{p}approx 0.9T_{m}$$.

Journal Articles

Analytical study on removal mechanisms of cesium aerosol from a noble gas bubble rising through liquid sodium pool, 2; Effects of particle size distribution and agglomeration in aerosols

Miyahara, Shinya*; Kawaguchi, Munemichi; Seino, Hiroshi; Atsumi, Takuto*; Uno, Masayoshi*

Proceedings of 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE 28) (Internet), 6 Pages, 2021/08

In a postulated accident of fuel pin failure of sodium cooled fast reactor, a fission product cesium will be released from the failed pin as an aerosol such as cesium iodide and/or cesium oxide together with a fission product noble gas such as xenon and krypton. As the result, the xenon and krypton released with cesium aerosol into the sodium coolant as bubbles have an influence on the removal of cesium aerosol by the sodium pool in a period of bubble rising to the pool surface. In this study, cesium aerosol removal behavior due to inertial deposition, sedimentation and diffusion from a noble gas bubble rising through liquid sodium pool was analyzed by a computer program which deals with the expansion and the deformation of the bubble together with the aerosol absorption considering the effects of particle size distribution and agglomeration in aerosols. In the analysis, initial bubble diameter, sodium pool depth and temperature, aerosol particle diameter and density, initial aerosol concentration in the bubble were changed as parameter, and the results for the sensitivities of these parameters on decontamination factor (DF) of cesium aerosol were compared with the results of the previous study in which the effects of particle size distribution and agglomeration in aerosols were not considered. From the results, it was concluded that the sensitivities of initial bubble diameter, the aerosol particle diameter and density to the DF became significant due to the inertial deposition of agglomerated aerosols. To validate these analysis results, the simulation experiments have been conducted using a simulant particles of cesium aerosol under the condition of room temperature in water pool and air bubble systems. The experimental results were compared with the analysis results calculated under the same condition.

Journal Articles

Phase-field model for crystallization in alkali disilicate glasses; Li$$_2$$O-2SiO$$_2$$, Na$$_2$$O-2SiO$$_2$$ and K$$_2$$O-2SiO$$_2$$

Kawaguchi, Munemichi; Uno, Masayoshi*

Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 128(10), p.832 - 838, 2020/10

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:17.37(Materials Science, Ceramics)

This study developed phase-field method (PFM) technique in oxide melt system by using a new mobility coefficient ($$L$$). The crystal growth rates ($$v_0$$) obtained by the PFM calculation with the constant $$L$$ were comparable to the thermodynamic driving force in normal growth model. The temperature dependence of the $$L$$ was determined from the experimental crystal growth rates and the $$v_0$$. Using the determined $$L$$, the crystal growth rates ($$v$$) in alkali disilicate glasses, Li$$_2$$O-2SiO$$_2$$, Na$$_2$$O-2SiO$$_2$$ and K$$_2$$O-2SiO$$_2$$ were simulated. The temperature dependence of the $$v$$ was qualitatively and quantitatively so similar that the PFM calculation results demonstrated the validity of the $$L$$. Especially, the $$v$$ obtained by the PFM calculation appeared the rapid increase just below the thermodynamic melting point ($$T_{rm m}$$) and the steep peak at around $$T_{rm m}$$-100 K. Additionally, as the temperature decreased, the $$v$$ apparently approached zero ms$$^-1$$, which is limited by the $$L$$ representing the interface jump process. Furthermore, we implemented the PFM calculation for the variation of the parameter $$B$$ in the $$L$$. As the $$B$$ increased from zero to two, the peak of the $$v$$ became steeper and the peak temperature of the $$v$$ shifted to the high temperature side. The parameters $$A$$ and $$B$$ in the $$L$$ increased exponentially and decreased linearly as the atomic number of the alkali metal increased due to the ionic potential, respectively. This calculation revealed that the $$A$$ and $$B$$ in the $$L$$ were close and reasonable for each other.

Journal Articles

A Study on sodium-concrete reaction in presence of internal heating

Kawaguchi, Munemichi; Miyahara, Shinya*; Uno, Masayoshi*

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science, 6(2), p.021305_1 - 021305_9, 2020/04

Sodium-concrete reaction (SCR) is one of the important phenomena during severe accidents in sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs) owing to the generation of large sources of hydrogen and aerosols in the containment vessel. In this study, SCR experiments with an internal heater were performed to investigate the chemical reaction beneath the internal heater (800$$^{circ}$$C), which was used to simulate the obstacle and heating effect on SCR. Furthermore, the effects of the internal heater on the self-termination mechanism were discussed. The internal heater on the concrete hindered the transport of Na into the concrete. Therefore, Na could start to react with the concrete at the periphery of the internal heater, and the concrete ablation depth at the periphery was larger than under the internal heater. The high Na pool temperature of 800$$^{circ}$$C increased largely the Na aerosol release rate, which was explained by Na evaporation and hydrogen bubbling, and formed the porous reaction product layer, whose porosity was 0.54-0.59 from the mass balance of Si and image analyzing EPMA mapping. They had good agreement with each other. The porous reaction products decreased the amount of Na transport into the reaction front. The Na concentration around the reaction front became about 30wt.% despite the position of the internal heater. It was found that the Na concentration condition was one of the dominant parameters for the self-termination of SCR, even in the presence of the internal heater.

Journal Articles

A New simultaneous measurement system of wide Q-range small angle neutron scattering combined with polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Kaneko, Fumitoshi*; Kawaguchi, Tatsuya*; Radulescu, A.*; Iwase, Hiroki*; Morikawa, Toshiaki*; Takata, Shinichi; Nishiura, Masayoshi*; Hou, Z.*

Review of Scientific Instruments, 90(9), p.093906_1 - 093906_6, 2019/09

Journal Articles

Melting behavior and thermal conductivity of solid sodium-concrete reaction product

Kawaguchi, Munemichi; Miyahara, Shinya; Uno, Masayoshi*

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 56(6), p.513 - 520, 2019/06

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:21.95(Nuclear Science & Technology)

This study revealed melting points and thermal conductivities of four samples generated by sodium-concrete reaction (SCR). We prepared the samples using two methods such as firing mixtures of sodium and grinded concrete powder, and sampling depositions after the SCR experiments. In the former, the mixing ratios were determined from the past experiment. The latter simulated the more realistic conditions such as the temperature history and the distribution of Na and concrete. The thermogravimetry-differential thermal analyzer (TG-DTA) measurement showed the melting points were 865-942$$^{circ}$$C, but those of the samples containing metallic Na couldn't be clarified. In the two more realistic samples, the compression moldings in a furnace were observed. The observation revealed the softening temperature was 800-840$$^{circ}$$C and the melting point was 840-850$$^{circ}$$C, which was 10-20$$^{circ}$$C lower than the TG-DTA results. The thermodynamics calculation of FactSage 7.2 revealed the temperature of the onset of melting was caused by melting of the some components such as Na$$_{2}$$SiO$$_{3}$$ and/or Na$$_{4}$$SiO$$_{4}$$. Moreover, the thermal conductivity was $$lambda$$=1-3W/m-K, which was comparable to xNa$$_{2}$$O-1-xSiO$$_{2}$$ (x=0.5, 0.33, 0.25), and those at 700$$^{circ}$$C were explained by the equation of $$NBO/T$$.

Journal Articles

A Study on self-terminating behavior of sodium-concrete reaction, 2

Kawaguchi, Munemichi; Miyahara, Shinya; Uno, Masayoshi*

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 55(8), p.874 - 884, 2018/08

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:39.03(Nuclear Science & Technology)

As parts of severe accident studies in sodium-cooled fast reactor, experiments were performed to investigate the termination mechanism of sodium-concrete reaction (SCR). In the experiment, the reaction time was controlled to investigate the distribution change of sodium (Na) and the reaction products in the pool and around the reaction front. In the results, the Na around the reaction front decreased from the enough amount with the reaction time. The concentrations were 18-24 wt.% for Na, and 22-18 wt.% for Si after the termination. From the thermodynamics calculations, the stable materials around the reaction front comprised more than 90 wt.% solid products such as Na$$_{2}$$SiO$$_{3}$$, and no Na. Further, the distribution of Na and reaction products could be explained by a steady-state sedimentation-diffusion model. At the early stage of SCR, the reaction products were suspended as particles in the Na pool because of the high H$$_{2}$$-generation rate. As the concrete ablation proceeds, they start settling down due to the decreased H$$_{2}$$-generation rate, thereby allowing SCR termination. It was concluded that SCR termination was caused by the sediment of the reaction products and the lack of Na around the reaction front.

Journal Articles

Discussion about sodium-concrete reaction in presence of internal heater

Kawaguchi, Munemichi; Miyahara, Shinya; Uno, Masayoshi*

Proceedings of 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-26) (Internet), 8 Pages, 2018/07

Sodium-concrete reaction (SCR) is one of the important phenomena during severe accidents in sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs) owing to the presence of large sources of hydrogen and aerosols in the containment vessel. In this study, SCR experiments with an internal heater (800$$^{circ}$$C) were performed to investigate the chemical reaction under the internal heater. Furthermore, the effects of the internal heater on the self-termination mechanism were discussed. Because the internal heater hindered the transport of Na, the moisture in the concrete, and reaction products, Na could permeate and react with the surface concrete at the periphery of the internal heater. As the SCR proceeded, the reaction products accumulated under the internal heater and disturbed the Na diffusion. Therefore, the Na concentration under the internal heater decreased relatively lower, and the concrete ablation depth under the internal heater decreased compared to that under the periphery of the internal heater. However, the Na concentration around the reaction front was about 30 wt.% despite the position of the internal heater. The Na concentration was similar to that of Na$$_2$$SiO$$_3$$, which was almost same as that in our past study. It was found that the Na concentration condition was one of the dominant parameters for the self-termination of SCR, even in the presence of the internal heater.

Journal Articles

Thermophysical properties of sodium-concrete reaction products

Kawaguchi, Munemichi; Miyahara, Shinya; Uno, Masayoshi*

Netsu Sokutei, 45(1), p.2 - 8, 2018/01

Liquid sodium (Na) has been used as the coolant of fast reactors for the various merits, such as the high thermal conductivity. On the other hand, it is postulated that a steel liner may fail and lead to a sodium-concrete reaction (SCR) during the Na-leak accident. Because of concrete ablation and release of hydrogen gas due to the chemical reactions between Na and concrete components, the SCR is one of the important phenomena in the Na-leak accident. In the study, fundamental experiments related to the SCR were performed using Na and concrete powder. Here, the used concrete powder is milled siliceous concrete which is usually used as the structural concrete in Japanese nuclear power plants. The obvious temperature changes at 3 temperature regions were observed for the reaction process such as Na-melt, NaOH-SiO$$_{2}$$ and Na-H$$_{2}$$O-SiO$$_{2}$$ reaction, which occurred around 100, 300 and 500$$^{circ}$$C, respectively. Especially, the violent reaction around 500$$^{circ}$$C caused the temperature peak to $$836 sim 853^{circ}$$C, and the reaction heat of $$0.15 sim 0.23$$ kW/g was estimated under the Na-concrete mixing ratio such as $$gammaapprox 0.32$$. The main components of the reaction products was identified as Na$$_{2}$$SiO$$_{3}$$ with X-ray diffraction technique. Moreover, the measured thermophysical properties such as melting point, density, specific heat, thermal conductivity and viscosity were similar to those of $$x$$Na$$_{2}$$O-$$(1-x)$$SiO$$_{2}$$ ($$xleq 0.5$$).

Journal Articles

The SNARE protein SYP71 expressed in vascular tissues is involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation in ${it Lotus japonicus}$ nodules

Hakoyama, Tsuneo*; Oi, Ryo*; Hazuma, Kazuya*; Suga, Eri*; Adachi, Yuka*; Kobayashi, Mayumi*; Akai, Rie*; Sato, Shusei*; Fukai, Eigo*; Tabata, Satoshi*; et al.

Plant Physiology, 160(2), p.897 - 905, 2012/10

 Times Cited Count:29 Percentile:67.94(Plant Sciences)

Journal Articles

${it TOO MUCH LOVE}$, a root regulator associated with the long-distance control of nodulation in ${it Lotus japonicus}$

Magori, Shimpei*; Kira, Erika*; Shibata, Satoshi*; Umehara, Yosuke*; Kochi, Hiroshi*; Hase, Yoshihiro; Tanaka, Atsushi; Sato, Shusei*; Tabata, Satoshi*; Kawaguchi, Masayoshi*

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 22(3), p.259 - 268, 2009/03

 Times Cited Count:101 Percentile:92.51(Biochemistry & Molecular Biology)

Legume plants tightly control the development and number of symbiotic root nodules. In ${it Lotus japonicus}$, this regulation required ${it HAR1}$ in the shoots, suggesting that a long-distance communication between the shoots and the roots may exist. To better understand its molecular basis, we isolated and characterized a novel hypernodulating mutant of ${it L. japonicus}$ named ${it too much love}$ (${it tml}$). Reciprocal grafting with wild type showed that ${it tml}$ hypernodulation is determined by the root genotype. Moreover, grafting a ${it har1}$ shoot onto a ${it tml}$ rootstock did not exhibit any obvious additive effects on the nodule number. These observations indicate that a shoot factor ${it HAR1}$ and a root factor ${it TML}$ participate in the same genetic pathway which governs the long-distance signaling of nodule number control. ${it TML}$ may function downstream of ${it HAR1}$ and the gene product ${it TML}$ might serve as a receptor or mediator of unknown mobile signal molecules that are transported from the shoots to the roots.

Journal Articles

${it Klavier}$ (${it klv}$), a novel hypernodulation mutant of ${it Lotus japonicus}$ affected in vascular tissue organization and floral induction

Kira, Erika*; Tateno, Kumiko*; Miura, Kinichiro*; Haga, Tatsuya*; Hayashi, Masaki*; Harada, Kyuya*; Sato, Shusei*; Tabata, Satoshi*; Shikazono, Naoya; Tanaka, Atsushi; et al.

Plant Journal, 44(3), p.505 - 515, 2005/11

 Times Cited Count:89 Percentile:86.56(Plant Sciences)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Electro-deposition of tantalum on tungsten and nickel in LiF-NaF-CaF$$_{2}$$ melt containing K$$_{2}$$TaF$$_{7}$$; Electrochemical study

Mehmood, M.*; Kawaguchi, Nobuaki*; Maekawa, Hideki*; Sato, Yuzuru*; Yamamura, Tsutomu*; Kawai, Masayoshi*; Kikuchi, Kenji

Materials Transactions, 44(2), p.259 - 267, 2003/02

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:52.13(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Electrochemical study has been carried out on the electro-deposition of tantalum in LiF-NaF-CaF$$_{2}$$ melt containing K$$_{2}$$TaF$$_{7}$$ at 700$$^{circ}$$C. This has been done for determining the mechanistic features for preparing electrolytic coating of tantalum on nickel and tungsten substrates. Electro-deposition of metallic tantalum occurs primarily by electro-reduction of Ta(V). Pure metallic tantalum without any entrapped salt is successfully deposited on tungsten by galvanostatic polarization at reasonably low current densities. An additional feature on nickel is the formation of an intermetallic compound at potential 0.25V nobler than that of pure tantalum as a result of underpotential deposition of tantalum. This intermetallic compound covers the surface within a short time followed by deposition of pure tantalum, although intermetallic compound keeps growing at the interface of pure tantalum deposit and the substrate as a result of diffusion.

Oral presentation

A SNARE protein expressed in vascular tissue affects symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Lotus japonicus nodules

Hakoyama, Tsuneo*; Oi, Ryo*; Hazuma, Kazuya*; Suga, Eri*; Adachi, Yuka*; Kobayashi, Mayumi*; Akai, Rie*; Sato, Shusei*; Fukai, Eigo*; Tabata, Satoshi*; et al.

no journal, , 

Oral presentation

Development of estimation technology for availability of measure for failure of containment vessel in sodium cooled fast reactor, 3; Corium/sodium-concrete interaction behavior

Kawaguchi, Munemichi; Uno, Masayoshi*; Konishi, Kensuke; Yamamoto, Ikuo*; Miyahara, Shinya*

no journal, , 

We started a project on "Development of Estimation Technology for Availability of Measure for Failure of Containment Vessel in Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor" as a program for R&D for nuclear system, development of basic technology for safety. We planed to develop an evaluation method based on experiments of hydrogen generation and concrete ablation in sodium-concrete reaction. This report shows the plan and a part of the sodium test.

Oral presentation

Development of estimation technology for availability of measure for failure of containment vessel in sodium cooled fast reactor, 1; Outline

Uno, Masayoshi*; Ohno, Shuji; Kawaguchi, Munemichi; Doi, Daisuke; Tsukimori, Kazuyuki

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

A Study on a microscopic state of Na-concrete reaction products

Kawaguchi, Munemichi*; Miyahara, Shinya; Uno, Masayoshi*

no journal, , 

Though the steel liner is set up to prevent Na contacting with the concrete in the case of Na leakage in the Na-cooled fast reactor, it is important to grasp the Na-concrete reaction mechanism. The past studies have focused on the thermal, concrete ablation and hydrogen release behaviors. Also the natural termination of this reaction was confirmed experimentally; it was pointed out that the sedimentation of the reaction products was one of the terminating causes. This paper is reported on a discussion such as thermodynamics calculations of the reaction products, related with the Na-concrete reaction terminating study.

Oral presentation

Development of estimation technology for availability of measure for failure of containment vessel in sodium cooled fast reactor, 7; Calculation of sodium-concrete reaction with phase-field method

Kawaguchi, Munemichi; Miyahara, Shinya; Uno, Masayoshi*

no journal, , 

A calculation on a sodium-concrete reaction behavior was carried out using the phase field method. As part of a study on the reaction terminating mechanism, the calculation results will be presented.

Oral presentation

Development of estimation technology for availability of measure for failure of containment vessel in sodium cooled fast reactor, 8; Estimation of phase equilibrium state of fuel debris under sodium by thermodynamic calculation

Yamamoto, Ikuo*; Uno, Masayoshi*; Miyahara, Shinya; Kawaguchi, Munemichi

no journal, , 

An estimation technology and reaction model on phase equilibrium state of fuel debris under sodium using thermodynamics calculation has been developed. In this study, the reaction products were calculated in sodium uranate system by thermodynamics calculation using Thermo-Calc.

26 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)