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Journal Articles

The Effects of steam addition on the unstable behavior of hydrogen-air lean premixed flames under the adiabatic and non-adiabatic conditions

Furuyama, Taisei*; Thwe Thwe, A.; Katsumi, Toshiyuki; Kobayashi, Hideaki*; Kadowaki, Satoshi

Nihon Kikai Gakkai Rombunshu (Internet), 87(898), p.21-00107_1 - 21-00107_12, 2021/06

The effects of steam addition on the unstable behavior of hydrogen-air lean premixed flames under adiabatic and non-adiabatic conditions were investigated by numerical calculations. Adopting a detailed chemical reaction mechanism of hydrogen-oxyfuel combustion modeled by 17 reversible reactions of 8 active species and diluents, a two-dimensional unsteady reaction flow was treated based on the compressible Navier-Stokes equation. As the steam addition and heat loss increased, the burning velocity of a planar flame decreased and the normalized burning velocity increased. The addition of water vapor promotes the unstable behavior of the hydrogen-air lean premixed flame. This is because the thermal diffusivity of the gas decreases and the diffusion-thermal instability increases. The effect of adding water vapor on the instability of hydrogen premixed flames is a new finding, and it is expected to connect with hydrogen explosion-prevention measures as in NPP.

Journal Articles

Effects of pressure and heat loss on the unstable motion of cellular-flame fronts caused by intrinsic instability in hydrogen-air lean premixed flames

Kadowaki, Satoshi; Thwe Thwe, A.; Furuyama, Taisei*; Kawata, Kazumasa*; Katsumi, Toshiyuki; Kobayashi, Hideaki*

Journal of Thermal Science and Technology (Internet), 16(2), p.20-00491_1 - 20-00491_12, 2021/00

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:31.45(Thermodynamics)

Effects of pressure and heat loss on the unstable motion of cellular-flame fronts in hydrogen-air lean premixed flames were numerically investigated. The reaction mechanism for hydrogen-oxygen combustion was modeled with seventeen reversible reactions of eight reactive species and a diluent. Two-dimensional unsteady reactive flow was treated, and the compressibility, viscosity, heat conduction, molecular diffusion and heat loss were taken into account. As the pressure became higher, the maximum growth rate increased and the unstable range widened. These were due mainly to the decrease of flame thickness. The burning velocity of a cellular flame normalized by that of a planar flame increased as the pressure became higher and the heat loss became larger. This indicated that the pressure and heat loss affected strongly the unstable motion of cellular-flame fronts. In addition, the fractal dimension became larger, which denoted that the flame shape became more complicated.

Journal Articles

Three-dimensional cellular premixed flames generated by hydrodynamic and diffusive-thermal instabilities (Effects of unburned-gas temperature and heat loss)

Kadowaki, Satoshi; Nogami, Masato*; Thwe Thwe, A.; Katsumi, Toshiyuki*; Yamazaki, Wataru*; Kobayashi, Hideaki*

Nihon Kikai Gakkai Rombunshu (Internet), 85(879), p.19-00274_1 - 19-00274_13, 2019/11

We dealt with three-dimensional cellular premixed flames generated by hydrodynamic and diffusive-thermal instabilities to elucidate the effects of unburned-gas temperature and heat loss by adopting the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equation. As the unburned-gas temperature became lower and the heat loss became larger, the growth rate decreased and the unstable range narrowed. With a decrease of unburned-gas temperature, the normalized growth rate increased and the normalized unstable range widened, which was because the temperature ratio of burned and unburned gases became larger. The obtained hexagonal cellular fronts were qualitatively consistent with the experimental results. As the heat loss became larger, the burning velocity of a cellular flame normalized by that of a planar flame increased. This was because diffusive-thermal effects became stronger owing to the increase of apparent Zeldovich number caused by the decrease of flame temperature.

Journal Articles

Turbulent transport reduction induced by transition on radial electric field shear and curvature through amplitude and cross-phase in torus plasma

Kobayashi, Tatsuya*; Ito, Kimitaka*; Ido, Takeshi*; Kamiya, Kensaku*; Ito, Sanae*; Miura, Yukitoshi; Nagashima, Yoshihiko*; Fujisawa, Akihide*; Inagaki, Shigeru*; Ida, Katsumi*

Scientific Reports (Internet), 7(1), p.14971_1 - 14971_8, 2017/11

 Times Cited Count:22 Percentile:79.32(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Journal Articles

Experimental identification of electric field excitation mechanisms in a structural transition of tokamak plasmas

Kobayashi, Tatsuya*; Ito, Kimitaka*; Ido, Takeshi*; Kamiya, Kensaku; Ito, Sanae*; Miura, Yukitoshi; Nagashima, Yoshihiko*; Fujisawa, Akihide*; Inagaki, Shigeru*; Ida, Katsumi*; et al.

Scientific Reports (Internet), 6, p.30720_1 - 30720_7, 2016/08

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:64.7(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

In this Letter, we report model verifications for a key physics for the L-H transition. Radial electric field excitation, using discharges having a two-step transition. Examining time derivative of Poissons equation, it is found that the sum of the loss cone loss current and neoclassical bulk viscosity current agrees the experimentally observed current in the order of magnitude at the first transition. Following second transition and an ambipolar condition in the L-mode cannot be explained by the models.

Journal Articles

Real-time observation of irradiated HeLa-cell modified by fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator using synchrotron X-ray microbeam

Narita, Ayumi; Kaminaga, Kiichi; Yokoya, Akinari; Noguchi, Miho; Kobayashi, Katsumi*; Usami, Noriko*; Fujii, Kentaro

Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 166(1-4), p.192 - 196, 2015/09

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:26.04(Environmental Sciences)

For the knowledge about irradiation effects of mammalian cells depending on the cell cycle, most of them had been analyzed by statistical approches. Our purpose is to establish the method for real-time observation of irradiated cells under a microscope. Fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) human cancer (HeLa) cells (red indicates G1; green, S/G2) were exposed to a synchrotron X-ray microbeam. Cells in either G1 or S/G2 were selectively irradiated according to cell color observed in the same microscopic field in a culture dish. Time-lapse micrographs of the irradiated cells were acquired for 24 h after irradiation. The cell cycle was strongly arrested by irradiation at S/G2 and never progressed to G1. In contrast, cells irradiated at G1 progress to S/G2 with a similar time course as non-irradiated control cells. These results show single FUCCI cell exposure and live cell imaging are powerful methods for studying radiation effects on the cell cycle.

Journal Articles

Progress and status of the gyrotron development for the JT-60SA ECH/CD system

Kobayashi, Takayuki; Sawahata, Masayuki; Terakado, Masayuki; Hiranai, Shinichi; Ikeda, Ryosuke; Oda, Yasuhisa; Wada, Kenji; Hinata, Jun; Yokokura, Kenji; Hoshino, Katsumichi; et al.

Proceedings of 40th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2015) (USB Flash Drive), 3 Pages, 2015/08

A gyrotron for electron cyclotron heating and current drive (ECH/CD) has been developed for JT-60SA (Super-Advanced). In high-power, long-pulse operations, oscillations of 1 MW/100 s have been demonstrated at both 110 GHz and 138 GHz, for the first time. These results fully satisfied the requirements for JT-60SA. Moreover, it was experimentally shown that the higher power operation at each frequency is expected to be acceptable for this gyrotron from the viewpoint of heat load at the cavity resonator, collector, and stray radiation absorbers. An oscillation at 82 GHz, which is an additional frequency, has been demonstrated up to 2 s at the output power of 0.4 MW, so far. High power experiments toward higher power of 1.5 MW (110/138 GHz) and 1 MW (82 GHz) are ongoing.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of the cryogenic tensile properties for aramid fiber rod

Saito, Toru; Okubo, Toshikazu*; Izumi, Keisuke*; Okawa, Yoshinao*; Kobayashi, Norihiro*; Yamazaki, Toru; Kawano, Katsumi; Isono, Takaaki

Teion Kogaku, 50(8), p.400 - 408, 2015/08

Aramid fiber-reinforced plastic (AFRP) has been developed as a structural material that has the advantages of light weight and high strength. In this study, tensile tests were carried out to measure the tensile properties of AFRP rod on the market for reinforcement of concrete at room temperature, 77 K and 4.2 K. Especially at cryogenic temperatures, it is difficult to perform a tensile test of the bar because the specimen slips through the jig grip. To prevent the rod from slipping, tensile tests were carried out with some filling conditions. The applicable and appropriate tensile test conditions were established by modifying the jig grip, treating the surface of the rod and using cryogenic epoxy infill to grip the rod. They were more than 1100 MPa. Additionally, the AFRP rod included a temperature dependence in which the Young's modulus increased as the test temperature decreased. It was confirmed that the Young's modulus increased because aramid fiber was more dominant than epoxy.

Journal Articles

Gyrotron development for high-power, long-pulse electron cyclotron heating and current drive at two frequencies in JT-60SA and its extension toward operation at three frequencies

Kobayashi, Takayuki; Moriyama, Shinichi; Yokokura, Kenji; Sawahata, Masayuki; Terakado, Masayuki; Hiranai, Shinichi; Wada, Kenji; Sato, Yoshikatsu; Hinata, Jun; Hoshino, Katsumichi; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 55(6), p.063008_1 - 063008_8, 2015/06

 Times Cited Count:24 Percentile:77.85(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

A gyrotron enabling high-power, long-pulse oscillations at both 110 GHz and 138 GHz has been developed for electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and current drive (CD) in JT-60SA. Oscillations of 1 MW for 100 s have been demonstrated at both frequencies, for the first time as a gyrotron operating at two frequencies. The optimization of the anode voltage, or the electron pitch factor, using a triode gun was a key to obtain high power and high efficiency at two frequencies. It was also confirmed that the internal losses in the gyrotron were sufficiently low for expected long pulse operation at the higher power level of $$sim$$1.5 MW. Another important result is that an oscillation at 82 GHz, which enables to use fundamental harmonic waves in JT-60SA while the other two frequencies are used as second harmonics waves, was demonstrated up to 0.4 MW for 2 s. These results of the gyrotron development significantly contribute to enhancing operation regime of the ECH/CD system in JT-60SA.

Journal Articles

Development of a dual frequency (110/138 GHz) gyrotron for JT-60SA and its extension to an oscillation at 82 GHz

Kobayashi, Takayuki; Moriyama, Shinichi; Isayama, Akihiko; Sawahata, Masayuki; Terakado, Masayuki; Hiranai, Shinichi; Wada, Kenji; Sato, Yoshikatsu; Hinata, Jun; Yokokura, Kenji; et al.

EPJ Web of Conferences, 87, p.04008_1 - 04008_5, 2015/03

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:83.72

A dual-frequency gyrotron, which can generate 110 GHz and 138 GHz waves independently, is being developed in JAEA to enable electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and current drive (ECCD) in a wider range of plasma discharge conditions of JT-60SA. Operation for the gyrotron conditioning and parameter optimization toward 1 MW for 100 s, which is the target output power and pulse length for JT-60SA, is in progress without problems. Oscillations of 1 MW for 10 s and 0.51 MW for 198 s were obtained, so far, at both frequencies. In addition, an oscillation (0.3 MW for 20 ms) at 82 GHz was demonstrated as an additional frequency of the dual-frequency gyrotron which shows a possibility of the use of fundamental harmonic wave in JT-60SA.

Journal Articles

Factors controlling the spatiotemporal variation of $$^{137}$$Cs in seabed sediment off the Fukushima coast; Implications from numerical simulations

Misumi, Kazuhiro*; Tsumune, Daisuke*; Tsubono, Takaki*; Tateda, Yutaka*; Aoyama, Michio*; Kobayashi, Takuya; Hirose, Katsumi*

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 136, p.218 - 228, 2014/10

 Times Cited Count:22 Percentile:54.4(Environmental Sciences)

Major controls on spatiotemporal variations of $$^{137}$$Cs activity in seabed sediments derived from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident during the first year after the accident were investigated by using numerical simulations. The model successfully reproduced major features of the observed spatiotemporal variations of $$^{137}$$Cs activity in sediments. The spatial pattern of $$^{137}$$Cs in sediments, which mainly reflected the history of $$^{137}$$Cs activity in the bottom water overlying the sediment and the sediment particle size distribution, became established during the first several months after the accident. Taking $$^{137}$$Cs activities in sediments in the coastal area and in the vicinity of the power plant into account, increased the simulated total inventory of $$^{137}$$Cs in sediments off the Fukushima coast to a value on the order of 10$$^{14}$$ Bq.

Journal Articles

Dynamics of edge limit cycle oscillation in the JFT-2M tokamak

Kobayashi, Tatsuya*; Ito, Kimitaka*; Ido, Takeshi*; Kamiya, Kensaku; Ito, Sanae*; Miura, Yukitoshi; Nagashima, Yoshihiko*; Fujisawa, Akihide*; Inagaki, Shigeru*; Ida, Katsumi*; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 54(7), p.073017_1 - 073017_14, 2014/07

 Times Cited Count:26 Percentile:77.49(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

In the JFT-2M tokamak, limit-cycle oscillation among several variables is observed before L-to-H transition. Spatiotemporal dynamics of the LCO is analyzed in detail. Zonal fows are not seen, and modulation in edge-localized poloidal flow and density gradient is observed. Modulation is also seen in Reynolds stress, caused by that in turbulence intensity and turbulence wavenumber. However, flow acceleration is not able to be explained by the modulation in the Reynolds stress. Rapid inward propagation in density gradient and turbulence packet is also observed. Characteristics of the propagation are veried by means of turbulence spreading theory and diffusion theory.

JAEA Reports

Development of instrument to measure transmission power density distribution using dielectric disk in millimeter waveguide

Yokokura, Kenji; Moriyama, Shinichi; Kobayashi, Takayuki; Hiranai, Shinichi; Sawahata, Masayuki; Terakado, Masayuki; Hinata, Jun; Wada, Kenji; Sato, Yoshikatsu; Hoshino, Katsumichi; et al.

JAEA-Technology 2014-002, 64 Pages, 2014/03

JAEA-Technology-2014-002.pdf:6.83MB

A new instrument has been developed to measure spatial distribution of power density and total power of the millimeter wave, by measuring temperature rise of dielectric material inserted in the waveguide. For a measurement, a dielectric disk with thermally insulated support is inserted into the few millimeters gap in the waveguide. The disk is heated by the millimeter wave pulse for 0.1$$sim$$0.2 s, and immediately after the pulse, it is pulled up and its temperature distribution is measured by an infrared camera to estimate the spatial power density distribution of the millimeter wave. In the other hand, total transmission power is estimated by the disk temperature reached equilibrium. In the measurement test, deformation of the power density distribution was successfully detected when the mirror angle was intentionally changed in the matching optics unit (MOU) at the waveguide input from the gyrotron. The test result shows that the instrument is effective for both adjustment of MOU without opening the vacuum boundary and to detect any abnormal transmission during operation of the ECH system. The test also shows high reliability of the instrument which stands with 1 MW high power transmission without any arcing or pressure rise in vacuum region. The instrument will be contributed to keep good condition of high power long pulse ECH system by detecting abnormal transmission in the waveguide in operation without open vacuum boundary.

Journal Articles

Radiation-quality-dependent bystander effects induced by the microbeams with different radiation sources

Suzuki, Masao*; Autsavapromporn, N.*; Usami, Noriko*; Funayama, Tomoo; Plante, I.*; Yokota, Yuichiro; Muto, Yasuko*; Suzuki, Michiyo; Ikeda, Hiroko; Hattori, Yuya; et al.

Journal of Radiation Research, 55(Suppl.1), P. i54, 2014/03

Journal Articles

Development of a linear motion antenna for the JT-60SA ECRF system

Moriyama, Shinichi; Kobayashi, Takayuki; Isayama, Akihiko; Hoshino, Katsumichi; Suzuki, Sadaaki; Hiranai, Shinichi; Yokokura, Kenji; Sawahata, Masayuki; Terakado, Masayuki; Hinata, Jun; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 88(6-8), p.935 - 939, 2013/10

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:32.63(Nuclear Science & Technology)

An antenna having a first mirror driven in the linear motion (LM) and a fixed second mirror was proposed for electron cyclotron range of frequency (ECRF) heating and current drive system, to minimize the risk of cooling-water-leakage. Basic mechanical feasibilities of the bellows covering the movable structures of the antenna were previously investigated using a mock-up. This time, a support structure of the shaft has been designed using a metallic sliding bearing with solid lubricant. The sliding bearing can support combination of linear and rotational motions while a ball bearing supports either linear or rotational motion. We have newly installed the sliding bearing into the mock-up. A vacuum pumping test has been carried out paying attention to the influence of the solid lubricant by mass analysis. To design the LM antenna for JT-60SA in detail, heating and current drive characteristics for typical experimental scenarios of JT-60SA has been investigated by calculation.

Journal Articles

Gap junction communication and the propagation of bystander effects induced by microbeam irradiation in human fibroblast cultures; The Impact of radiation quality

Autsavapromporn, N.*; Suzuki, Masao*; Funayama, Tomoo; Usami, Noriko*; Plante, I.*; Yokota, Yuichiro; Muto, Yasuko*; Ikeda, Hiroko; Kobayashi, Katsumi*; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; et al.

Radiation Research, 180(4), p.367 - 375, 2013/10

 Times Cited Count:57 Percentile:89.96(Biology)

We investigated the role of gapjunction intercellular communication (GJIC) in the propagation of stressful effects in confluent normal human fibroblast cultures wherein only 0.036-0.144% of cells in the population were traversed by primary radiation tracks. Confluent cells were exposed to graded doses from X ray, carbon ion, neon ion or argon ion microbeams in the presence or absence of an inhibitor of GJIC. After 4 h incubation, the cells were assayed for micronucleus (MN) formation. Micronuclei were induced in a greater fraction of cells than expected based on the fraction of cells targeted by primary radiation, and the effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner with any of the radiation sources. Interestingly, the inhibition of GJIC depressed the enhancement of MN formation in bystander cells from cultures exposed to high-LET radiation but not low-LET radiation. The results highlight the important role of radiation quality and dose in the observed effects.

Journal Articles

Spatiotemporal structures of edge limit-cycle oscillation before L-to-H transition in the JFT-2M tokamak

Kobayashi, Tatsuya*; Ito, Kimitaka*; Ido, Takeshi*; Kamiya, Kensaku; Ito, Sanae*; Miura, Yukitoshi; Nagashima, Yoshihiko*; Fujisawa, Akihide*; Inagaki, Shigeru*; Ida, Katsumi*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 111(3), p.035002_1 - 035002_5, 2013/07

 Times Cited Count:90 Percentile:94.29(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

In this Letter, we report analyses of spatiotemporal dynamics of turbulence and structure in the limit cycle oscillation that precedes L-to-H transition. Zonal flows are not observed during LCO, and the oscillation is the periodic generations/decays of barrier with edge localized mean flow. Oscillatory Reynolds stress is found too small to accelerate the LCO flow. Changes of the density gradient and turbulence amplitude are found to propagate into the core in a ballistic manner, suggesting a cause of fast change of core transport after H-mode transition.

Journal Articles

Dual frequency ECRF system development for JT-60SA

Kobayashi, Takayuki; Isayama, Akihiko; Sawahata, Masayuki; Suzuki, Sadaaki; Terakado, Masayuki; Hiranai, Shinichi; Wada, Kenji; Sato, Yoshikatsu; Hinata, Jun; Yokokura, Kenji; et al.

Fusion Science and Technology, 63(1T), p.160 - 163, 2013/05

 Times Cited Count:7 Percentile:49.41(Nuclear Science & Technology)

A dual frequency electron cyclotron range of frequency system has been developed for JT-60SA, by which a second frequency (135 $$sim$$ 140 GHz) is generated in addition to the first frequency of 110 GHz. A development of a dual frequency gyrotron is a key to realize the dual frequency system. The second frequency was chosen to be 138 GHz from the above frequency range from the viewpoint of gyrotron design. In order to realize high-power ($$>$$ 1 MW) and long-pulse operation for both frequencies, we designed main components of the gyrotron (the diamond window, cavity resonator and quasi-optical mode converter). We found the optimum parameter set from the parameters of these components, which has discrete characteristics. It was confirmed that the output power higher than 1 MW is obtained for both frequencies as a result of numerical design. Based on the above design, a dual frequency gyrotron was newly fabricated. In the conditioning operation, an output power was obtained as we expected.

Journal Articles

Dual frequency gyrotron development for JT-60SA

Kobayashi, Takayuki; Isayama, Akihiko; Sawahata, Masayuki; Suzuki, Sadaaki; Terakado, Masayuki; Hiranai, Shinichi; Wada, Kenji; Sato, Yoshikatsu; Hinata, Jun; Yokokura, Kenji; et al.

Proceedings of 37th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2012) (USB Flash Drive), 2 Pages, 2012/09

A new dual frequency (110 GHz and 138 GHz) gyrotron development began for JT-60SA. An output power and efficiency higher than 1 MW and 30% with a peak heat load lower than 1.4 kW/cm$$^{2}$$ were obtained for both frequencies in calculation. High mode conversion efficiencies of the quasioptical mode converter (96.8% for 110 GHz and 98.3% for 138 GHz), which is higher than the previously developed 110 GHz long pulse gyrotron (96.5%), was obtained. The new gyrotron was fabricated and conditioning operation has been started from the middle of June 2012. The gyrotron output power of approximately 200 kW was obtained, so far, as we expected in the design of the gyrotron at low beam current of 10 A and low beam voltage of 75 kV.

Journal Articles

Recent results from the development of the electron cyclotron heating system for JT-60SA toward high-power long-pulse operations

Isayama, Akihiko; Kobayashi, Takayuki; Yokokura, Kenji; Shimono, Mitsugu; Sawahata, Masayuki; Suzuki, Sadaaki; Terakado, Masayuki; Hiranai, Shinichi; Wada, Kenji; Hinata, Jun; et al.

Plasma and Fusion Research (Internet), 7(Sp.1), p.2405029_1 - 2405029_5, 2012/05

no abstracts in English

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