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Sato, Takuto; Hino, Hideitsu*; Kusaka, Hiroyuki*
Atmospheric Science Letters, 25(12), p.e1279_1 - e1279_10, 2024/12
Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.00(Geochemistry & Geophysics)This study applies dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) to three-dimensional simulation results of urban heat island circulation (UHIC, which is horizontal circulation) and thermals (vertical convections). The aim of this study is to revisit how these phenomena coexist based on the characteristics of temporal changes in the flow field. We used DMD to obtain the dominant spatial patterns and information on temporal changes. One of the modes of horizontal wind, which does not change temporally (no oscillation or amplification), exhibits a spatial UHIC pattern. The unique feature of this UHIC mode is that there are small-scale striated structures (150-200 m) and large-scale convergence. The other modes are time-varying (oscillating and decaying) and represent smaller spatial-scale phenomena (150-250 m), such as thermals. The frequency of each mode takes various values, some of which are lower than the lifetime of thermals in accordance with the Deardorff convective scale (
10 min). These low-frequency modes showed striated structures similar to that observed in the UHIC modes. These results suggest that UHIC and thermals deform each other through components that vary in long temporal scales.
Kusaka, Hiroyuki*; Ikeda, Ryosaku*; Sato, Takuto; Iizuka, Satoru*; Boku, Taisuke*
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (Internet), 16(10), p.e2024MS004367_1 - e2024MS004367_38, 2024/10
Times Cited Count：4 Percentile：70.98(Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences)To bridge the gaps between meteorological large-eddy simulation (LES) models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for microscale urban climate simulations, the present study has developed a meteorological LES model for urban areas. This model simulates urban climates across both mesoscale (city scale) and microscale (city-block scale). The paper offers an overview of this LES model, which distinguishes itself from standard numerical weather prediction models by resolving buildings and trees at the microscale simulations. It also differs from standard CFD models by accounting for atmospheric stratification and physical processes. Noteworthy features of this model include: (a) the calculation of long- and short-wave radiations in three dimensions, incorporating multiple reflections within urban canopy layers using the radiosity method, and accounting for building and tree shadows in the simulations; (b) the provision of various heat stress indices (Universal Thermal Climate Index, Wet Bulb Globe Temperature, MRT, THI); (c) the assessment of the efficacy of heat stress mitigation measures such as dry-mist spraying, roadside trees, cool pavements, and green/cool roofs strategies; (d) the capability to run on supercomputers, with the code parallelized in a three-dimensional manner, and the model can also run on a graphics processing unit cluster. Following the introduction of this model, the study confirms its basic performance through various numerical experiments, including simulations of thermals in the convective boundary layer, coherent structure of turbulence over urban canopy, and thermal environment and heat stress indices in urban districts. The model developed in this study is intended to serve as a community tool for addressing both fundamental and applied studies in urban climatology.
F from 
O
?Tang, T. L.*; Uesaka, Tomohiro*; Kawase, Shoichiro; Beaumel, D.*; Dozono, Masanori*; Fujii, Toshihiko*; Fukuda, Naoki*; Fukunaga, Taku*; Galindo-Uribarri, A.*; Hwang, S. H.*; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 124(21), p.212502_1 - 212502_6, 2020/05
Times Cited Count：19 Percentile：72.32(Physics, Multidisciplinary)The structure of a neutron-rich F nucleus is investigated by a quasifree (
) knockout reaction. The sum of spectroscopic factors of 
orbital is found to be 1.0 
0.3. The result shows that the O core of F nucleus significantly differs from a free O nucleus, and the core consists of 35% O
, and 65% excited O. The result shows that the O core of F nucleus significantly differs from a free O nucleus. The result may infer that the addition of the 
proton considerably changes the neutron structure in F from that in O, which could be a possible mechanism responsible for the oxygen dripline anomaly.
Nakajima, Kenji; Kawakita, Yukinobu; Ito, Shinichi*; Abe, Jun*; Aizawa, Kazuya; Aoki, Hiroyuki; Endo, Hitoshi*; Fujita, Masaki*; Funakoshi, Kenichi*; Gong, W.*; et al.
Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 1(3), p.9_1 - 9_59, 2017/12
The neutron instruments suite, installed at the spallation neutron source of the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), is reviewed. MLF has 23 neutron beam ports and 21 instruments are in operation for user programs or are under commissioning. A unique and challenging instrumental suite in MLF has been realized via combination of a high-performance neutron source, optimized for neutron scattering, and unique instruments using cutting-edge technologies. All instruments are/will serve in world-leading investigations in a broad range of fields, from fundamental physics to industrial applications. In this review, overviews, characteristic features, and typical applications of the individual instruments are mentioned.
NeNakamura, Takashi*; Kobayashi, Nobuyuki*; Kondo, Yosuke*; Sato, Yoshiteru*; Aoi, Nori*; Baba, Hidetada*; Deguchi, Shigeki*; Fukuda, Naoki*; Gibelin, J.*; Inabe, Naoto*; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 103(26), p.262501_1 - 262501_4, 2009/12
Times Cited Count：221 Percentile：97.60(Physics, Multidisciplinary)no abstracts in English
Kusaka, Hiroyuki*; Nagata, Aya*; Sato, Takuto
no journal, ,
It is well established that the frequency of cumulus cloud formation over the leeward areas of central Tokyo, as well as cumulonimbus development and precipitation, is higher than in surrounding areas. Urban-induced cloud and precipitation generation is generally attributed to two primary mechanisms: thermal and dynamic effects. Here, the dynamic effects involve airflow modification, such as the inhibition of thermals due to obstacles like buildings, which force air parcels to ascend or divert around them. However, the dynamic effect has not been fully investigated using building-resolving models; instead, it has primarily been studied with mesoscale models incorporating urban canopy parameterization schemes. The purpose of this study is to disentangle the thermal and dynamic effects of Tokyo on cloud formation using the building-resolving City-LES model (Kusaka et al., 2024). The study focuses on central Tokyo, with simulations conducted for a clear-sky summer day when a daytime sea breeze reaches the area. The key findings are as follows:- Thermals form and are transported by southerly winds, generating roll convection.- The thermals reach the lifting condensation level (LCL). -The atmospheric boundary layer is well mixed from the surface to the upper planetary boundary layer. Furthermore, sensitivity experiments were conducted to isolate the thermal and dynamic effects of urban areas on cloud formation. The results indicate that - The thermal effect of the city enhances thermal generation, thereby promoting cloud formation. - The local-scale dynamic effect suppresses thermal development and inhibits cloud formation, which may differ from the mesoscale dynamic effect. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of urban-induced cloud formation and highlight the importance of resolving both thermal and dynamic processes in high-resolution urban meteorological models.
