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Journal Articles

Soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic systems with integrated immunoassays, fluorometric sensors, and impedance measurement capabilities

Kim, S.*; Lee, B.*; Reeder, J. T.*; Seo, S. H.*; Lee, S.-U.*; Hourlier-Fargette, A.*; Shin, J.*; Sekine, Yurina; Jeong, H.*; Oh, Y. S.*; et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(45), p.27906 - 27915, 2020/11

 Times Cited Count:62 Percentile:93.03(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

In this study, we present a wireless, battery-free, skin-interfaced microfluidic system that combines lateral flow immunoassay for sweat cortisol assay, fluorometric imaging of glucose and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) assays, and digital tracking of sweat rate using electrodes that measure skin galvanic response. Systematic benchtop testing and on-body field studies on human subjects exercising in a gym environment highlight the key multifunctional features of this platform in tracking the biochemical correlates of physical stress.

Journal Articles

Characteristics of global energy confinement in KSTAR L- and H-mode plasmas

Kim, H.-S.*; Jeon, Y. M.*; Na, Y.-S.*; Ghim, Y.-C.*; Ahn, J.-W.*; Yoon, S. W.*; Bak, J. G.*; Bae, Y. S.*; Kim, J. S.*; Joung, M.*; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 54(8), p.083012_1 - 083012_11, 2014/08

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:37.82(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

We evaluate the characteristics of global energy confinement in KSTAR ($$tau_{E, rm KSTAR}$$) quantitatively by comparing it with multi-machine scalings, by deriving multiple regression equations for the L- and the H-mode plasmas, and evaluating confinement enhancement of the H-mode phase compared with the L-mode phase in each discharge. From the KSTAR database, $$tau_{E, rm KSTAR}$$ of L-mode plasmas exhibits $$sim 0.04$$ s to $$sim 0.16$$ s and $$tau_{E, rm KSTAR}$$ of H-mode plasmas $$sim 0.06$$ s to $$sim 0.19$$ s. The multiple regression equations derived by statistical analysis present the similar dependency on PL and slightly higher dependency on IP compared with the multi-machine scalings, however the dependency on elongation $$kappa$$ in both L- and H-mode plasmas draw the negative power dependency of $$kappa^{-0.68}$$ and $$kappa^{-0.76}$$ for H-mode and for L- mode database, respectively on the contrary to the positive dependency in all multi-machine empirical scalings. Although the reason is not clear yet, two possibilities are addressed. One is that the wall condition of KSTAR was not clean enough. The other is that striking points on the divertor plate were uncontrolled. For these reasons, as $$kappa$$ increases, the impurities from the wall can penetrate into plasmas easily. As a consequence, the confinement is degraded on the contrary to the expectation of multi-machine scalings.

Journal Articles

Development of high voltage power supply for the KSTAR 170 GHz ECH and CD system

Jeong, J. H.*; Bae, Y. S.*; Joung, M.*; Kim, H. J.*; Park, S. I.*; Han, W. S.*; Kim, J. S.*; Yang, H. L.*; Kwak, J. G.*; Sakamoto, Keishi; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 88(5), p.380 - 387, 2013/06

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:25.83(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Journal Articles

Characteristics of the first H-mode discharges in KSTAR

Yoon, S. W.*; Ahn, J.-W.*; Jeon, Y. M.*; Suzuki, Takahiro; Hahn, S. H.*; Ko, W. H.*; Lee, K. D.*; Chung, J. I.*; Nam, Y. U.*; Kim, J.*; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 51(11), p.113009_1 - 113009_9, 2011/11

 Times Cited Count:33 Percentile:79.19(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

Typical ELMy H-mode discharges have been achieved on the KSTAR tokamak with the combined auxiliary heating of NBI and ECRH. The minimum external heating power required is about 1.1 MW at a line-averaged density higher than 1.4$$times$$10$$^{19}$$ m$$^{-3}$$ and a toroidal field of 2 T. There is a clear indication of the increase of the L-H threshold power at densities lower than $$1.4times 10^{19} {rm m}^{-3}$$. The initial analysis of energy confinement time ($$tau$$$$_{E}$$) predicted that $$tau$$$$_{E}$$ was higher than the prediction of multi-machine scaling laws by a factor 1.4-1.6. However, when the contribution of fast ion confinement to the total energy was taken into account, $$tau$$$$_{E}$$ better agreed with the scaling results. A clear increase of electron and ion temperature in the pedestal was observed in the H-mode phase but the core ion temperature did not change significantly. On the other hand, the toroidal rotation also increased over all radii in the H-mode phase. The measured ELM frequency was from 30-50 Hz and the drop of total energy appeared to be less than 5%. Between large ELM spikes, small/grassy ELMs were also identified when mixed heating of NBI and ECRH was applied.

Journal Articles

Development of high power long-pulse RF transmitter for ICRF heating in fusion researches and cyclotron accelerator

Kwak, J. G.*; Wang, S. J.*; Bae, Y. D.*; Kim, S. H.*; Hwang, C. K.*; Moriyama, Shinichi

Fusion Engineering and Design, 86(6-8), p.938 - 941, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:10.77(Nuclear Science & Technology)

KAERI have been developing the transmitters for ICRF heating for KSTAR and the cyclotron accelerator since 1996. The toroidal magnetic field of KSTAR is nominally 3 T so that 25-60 MHz transmitter is required to cover ICRF heating scenarios of the KSTAR. The first transmitter is operating up to 60 MHz and it succeeded in achieving 2 MW for 300 s in 2008. Up to 300 kW RF power was successfully injected to KSTAR plasmas. The second one is 70 kW/CW transmitter used for the cyclotron accelerator and their frequency range is from 25 to 50 MHz. Its engineering design was finished. The third one is 1 MW/VHF transmitter which was loaned from JAEA. As the operating ICRF frequency of KSTAR is lower, its cavity structure will be modified from 110 MHz to 60 MHz. The test results of 60 MHz and lessons from the high power test of 2 MW transmitter will be introduced and the circuit analysis and engineering design work for the second and third amplifiers will be shown.

Journal Articles

On maximizing the ICRF antenna loading for ITER plasmas

Mayoral, M.-L.*; Bobkov, V.*; Colas, L.*; Goniche, M.*; Hosea, J.*; Kwak, J. G.*; Pinsker, R.*; Moriyama, Shinichi; Wukitch, S.*; Baity, F. W.*; et al.

Proceedings of 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2010) (CD-ROM), 11 Pages, 2011/03

For any given ICRF antenna design for ITER, the maximum achievable power strongly depends on the density profiles in the SOL. It has been suggested that gas injection can be used to modify the SOL profiles and thus minimize the sensitivity of the ICRF coupling to variations in the density at the edge of the confined plasma. Recently joint experiments coordinated by the ITPA were performed to characterize further this method. An increase in SOL density during gas injection led to improved coupling for all tokamaks in this multi-machine comparison. The effectiveness of using gas injection over a wide range of conditions, as a tool to tailor the edge density in front of the ICRF antennas, is documented for different gas inlet location and plasma configurations. In addition, any deleterious effects on the confinement and interaction with the antenna near-field are not investigated.

Journal Articles

Status and result of the KSTAR upgrade for the 2010's campaign

Yang, H. L.*; Kim, Y. S.*; Park, Y. M.*; Bae, Y. S.*; Kim, H. K.*; Kim, K. M.*; Lee, K. S.*; Kim, H. T.*; Bang, E. N.*; Joung, M.*; et al.

Proceedings of 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2010) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2011/03

Because the 2010 operation of Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) mainly aims to achieve strongly elongated and diverted plasma, all the necessary hardware systems to provide an essential circumstance for the plasma shaping were newly installed and upgraded in 2010. In this paper, general configuration of the upgraded systems described earlier will be outlined. Moreover, several key performances and test results of the systems will be also reported in summary.

Oral presentation

Confinement characteristics of the extended operation regime of KSTAR toward advanced scenarios

Na, Y. S.*; Suzuki, Takahiro; Ide, Shunsuke; Mueller, D.*; Kim, J. H.*; Miyata, Yoshiaki; Kim, S. H.*; Kim, H. S.*; Jeon, Y. M.*; Bae, Y. S.*; et al.

no journal, , 

Development of advanced scenarios, an important experimental goal for the KSTAR project, has just begun. Target plasmas were successfully produced using large bore plasma and early divertor formation which exhibit low internal inductance with low magnetic shear at the centre and no sawtooth instability. Auxilliary heating during the current rampup phase was employed to slow the inductive current diffusion to the centre of the plasma. With respect to hybrid scenario development, so-called "Ip-overshoot" method being used in JET is applied for tailoring magnetic shear at reduced plasma current for higher poloidal beta and bootstrap current fraction. The confinement characteristics of these scenarios are investigated. Transport modeling is performed self-consistently with an integrated simulation package incorporating plasma equilibrium, transport, heating and current drive. Firstly, the current rampup phase is simulated and its impact on the target q-profile is addressed. Secondly, energy confinement of flattop phases is discussed. In addition, the non-inductive current drive fraction including the bootstrap current fraction is calculated. Lastly, these scenarios are compared with advanced scenarios developed in other tokamak devices and future directions in achieving advanced regimes are discussed.

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