Fetal atomic bomb survivor dosimetry using the J45 series of pregnant female phantoms with realistic survivor exposure scenarios; Comparisons to dose estimates in the DS02 system

Paulbeck, C. J.*; 佐藤 達彦; 船本 幸代*; Lee, C.*; Griffin, K. T.*; Cullings, H. M.*; Egbert, S. D.*; 遠藤 章; Hertel, N. E.*; Bolch, W. E.*

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 62(3), p.317 - 329, 2023/08

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-023-01032-5

胎児被ばくした原爆生存者に対する線量評価は、放射線被ばくリスクを評価する上で極めて重要となる。原子力機構、放射線影響研究所、フロリダ大学、米国がんセンターらで構成する研究チームは、これまで、1945年の日本人体型を反映した成人、小児及び胎児を含む妊婦の人体模型を作成し、前方照射や等方照射など理想的な照射条件に対してその被ばく線量を評価してきた。本研究では、原爆線量評価システムDS02に含まれる現実的な照射条件に対して、胎児及び母体の被ばく線量を評価した。その結果、現実的な照射条件においては、胎児の臓器線量は、胎児内での臓器の位置や週齢に大きく依存することが分かった。このような胎児に対する詳細被ばく線量解析結果は、将来の胎児被ばくリスク評価モデルの改訂に役立つと考えられる。

Si-addition contributes to overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off in high-entropy alloys

Wei, D.*; Gong, W.; 都留 智仁; Lobzenko, I.; Li, X.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Do, H.-S.*; Bae, J. W.*; Wagner, C.*; et al.

International Journal of Plasticity, 159, p.103443_1 - 103443_18, 2022/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2022.103443

Face-centered cubic single-phase high-entropy alloys (HEAs) containing multi-principal transition metals have attracted significant attention, exhibiting an unprecedented combination of strength and ductility owing to their low stacking fault energy (SFE) and large misfit parameter that creates severe local lattice distortion. Increasing both strength and ductility further is challenging. In the present study, we demonstrate via meticulous experiments that the CoCrFeNi HEA with the addition of the substitutional metalloid Si can retain a single-phase FCC structure while its yield strength (up to 65%), ultimate strength (up to 34%), and ductility (up to 15%) are simultaneously increased, owing to a synthetical effect of the enhanced solid solution strengthening and a reduced SFE. The dislocation behaviors and plastic deformation mechanisms were tuned by the addition of Si, which improves the strain hardening and tensile ductility. The present study provides new strategies for enhancing HEA performance by targeted metalloid additions.

Development of delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy for nuclear safeguards, 2; Designing a compact DGS instrument

Rossi, F.; Abbas, K.*; 小泉 光生; Lee, H.-J.; Rodriguez, D.; 高橋 時音

Proceedings of INMM & ESARDA Joint Virtual Annual Meeting (Internet), 7 Pages, 2021/08

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency is developing the Delayed Gamma-ray Spectroscopy (DGS) non-destructive assay technique to quantify the fissile-nuclide content in small samples of mixed nuclear materials. One of our primary goals is to develop a compact and efficient DGS instrument to be easily installable into analytical laboratories. The instrument should include an external neutron source and a gamma-ray detection system along with other supporting systems like sample transfer and neutron monitoring. One of the challenges is to design a compact and efficient moderator for commercial neutron sources (e.g. neutron generators or sealed radioactive sources) that emit neutrons with high energy. However, to be able to enhance the gamma-ray signal from fissile materials, thermal neutrons are best due to their higher fission cross-sections. The choice of viable neutron source (neutron spectrum and strength) depends on several considerations (e.g. sample type and interrogation pattern), but also affect the gamma-ray measurement and the consequence analysis. In this work, we will first describe the evaluation results of our Delayed Gamma-ray Test Spectrometer using a Cf source (DGTS-C) from the first experiment carried out in PERLA in collaboration with the European Commission, Joint Research Centre. In association, we will describe how it provided guidance for our demonstration irradiator. Further, we will present our final moderator design concept for a deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron generator and present the latest results of data-model comparisons, including those with our PUNITA results. This work is supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) under the subsidy for the "promotion for strengthening nuclear security and the like". This work was done under the agreement between JAEA and EURATOM in the field of nuclear material safeguards research and development.

JAEA-JRC collaborative development of delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy for nuclear material evaluation, 3; Fissile mass estimation with uranium samples

Rossi, F.; 小泉 光生; Lee, H.-J.; Rodriguez, D.; 高橋 時音; Abbas, K.*; Bogucarska, T.*; Crochemore, J.-M.*; Pedersen, B.*; Varasano, G.*

61st Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM 2020), Vol.2, p.907 - 911, 2021/00

Delayed Gamma-ray Spectroscopy (DGS) is a nondestructive assay technique with the capability to quantify the fissile composition of small nuclear material samples from reprocessing plants. In recent years, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency in collaboration with the Joint Research Centre performed several experiments using uranium and plutonium standard samples. In this paper, we present some of our recent experiment results showing the feasibility of DGS for fissile mass estimation. In particular, we interrogate uranium samples of different enrichment and we are showing that we were able to qualify significant peaks even for a depleted uranium sample above 2.7 MeV. Applying correction factors for neutron self-shielding and gamma self-absorption, we obtained a mass linear correlation when considering total integrated counts above 3.3 MeV as well as specific individual peak counts. This work is supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) under the subsidy for the "promotion for strengthening nuclear security and the like". This work was done under the agreement between JAEA and EURATOM in the field of nuclear material safeguards research and development.

Temporally decoherent and spatially coherent vibrations in metal halide perovskites

Zhang, D.*; Hu, X.*; Chen, T.*; Abernathy, D. L.*; 梶本 亮一; 中村 充孝; 古府 麻衣子; Foley, B. J.*; Yoon, M.*; Choi, J. J.*; et al.

Physical Review B, 102(22), p.224310_1 - 224310_10, 2020/12

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.102.224310

The long carrier lifetime and defect tolerance in metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are major contributors to the superb performance of MHP optoelectronic devices. Large polarons were reported to be responsible for the long carrier lifetime. Yet microscopic mechanisms of the large polaron formation, including the so-called phonon melting, are still under debate. Here, time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering experiments and first-principles density-functional theory calculations were employed to investigate the lattice vibrations (or phonon dynamics) in methylammonium lead iodide, a prototypical example of MHPs. Our findings are that optical phonons lose temporal coherence gradually with increasing temperature which vanishes at the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal structural phase transition. Surprisingly, however, we found that the spatial coherence is still retained throughout the decoherence process. We argue that the temporally decoherent and spatially coherent vibrations contribute to the formation of large polarons in this metal halide perovskite.

Dosimetric impact of a new computational voxel phantom series for the Japanese atomic bomb survivors; Methodological improvements and organ dose response functions

佐藤 達彦; 船本 幸代*; Paulbeck, C.*; Griffin, K.*; Lee, C.*; Cullings, H.*; Egbert, S. D.*; 遠藤 章; Hertel, N.*; Bolch, W. E.*

Radiation Research, 194(4), p.390 - 402, 2020/10

https://doi.org/10.1667/RR15546.1

原爆生存者に対する被ばく線量評価は、幾何学形状人体ファントムと逆解きモンテカルロ放射線挙動解析計算コードを組み合わせて実施されており、その結果はDS02レポートにまとめられている。しかし、幾何学形状ファントムは、人体の詳細な解剖学的特性を表現しておらず、また、逆解きモンテカルロ計算手法はPHITSなど最新のモンテカルロ放射線挙動解析手法と比べて精度が良くない問題点が指摘されていた。そこで、1945年の日本人体形を詳細に模擬したボクセル形状ファントムを開発し、最新版PHITSを用いてそのファントム内の臓器線量を評価した。また、その計算手法を用いて様々な照射条件に対する臓器線量の応答関数を作成し、DS02に格納された原爆生存者各人の被ばくシナリオに対して瞬時に臓器線量を推定する手法を構築した。構築した手法は、将来のDS02の改訂に利用することができる。

Signatures of the vortical quark-gluon plasma in hadron yields

田屋 英俊*; Park, A.*; Cho, S.*; Gubler, P.; 服部 恒一*; Hong, J.*; Huang, X.-G.*; Lee, S. H.*; 門内 明彦*; 大西 明*; et al.

Physical Review C, 102(2), p.021901_1 - 021901_6, 2020/08

AA2020-0306.pdf:0.47MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.102.021901

We investigate the hadron production from the vortical quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. Based on the quark-coalescence and statistical hadronization models, we show that total hadron yields summed over the spin components are enhanced by the local vorticity with quadratic dependence. The enhancement factor amounts to be a few percent and may be detectable within current experimental sensitivities. We also show that the effect is stronger for hadrons with larger spin, and thus propose a new signature of the local vorticity, which may be detected by the yield ratio of distinct hadron species having different spins such as and . The vorticity dependence of hadron yields seems robust, with consistent predictions in both of the hadron production mechanisms for reasonable values of the vorticity strength estimated for heavy-ion collisions.

How different is the core of F from O ?

Tang, T. L.*; 上坂 友洋*; 川瀬 頌一郎; Beaumel, D.*; 堂園 昌伯*; 藤井 俊彦*; 福田 直樹*; 福永 拓*; Galindo-Uribarri, A.*; Hwang, S. H.*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 124(21), p.212502_1 - 212502_6, 2020/05

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.212502

中性子過剰核Fの構造が()反応で調査した。軌道の分光学的因子は1.00.3と大きいが、一方で残留核であるOが基底状態である割合は約35%,励起状態は約0.65%であることが明らかになった。この結果は、Fのコア核Oは基底状態とは大きく異なり、Oの軌道に陽子がひとつ加わることでOとFの中性子軌道が相当に変化していると推測される。これは酸素同位体ドリップライン異常のメカニズムである可能性がある。

Dosimetric impact of a new computational voxel phantom series for the Japanese atomic bomb survivors; Pregnant females

Paulbeck, C.*; Griffin, K.*; Lee, C.*; Cullings, H.*; Egbert, S. D.*; 船本 幸代*; 佐藤 達彦; 遠藤 章; Hertel, N.*; Bolch, W. E.*

Radiation Research, 192(5), p.538 - 561, 2019/08

https://doi.org/10.1667/RR15394.1

妊婦及び胎児の原爆生存者に対する被ばく線量評価は、放射線影響の疫学研究の上で極めて重要となる。従来は、女性の子宮壁に対する線量を妊婦及び胎児の被ばく線量と仮定していたが、本研究では、最新の計算科学記述を用いて受胎8, 15, 25, 38週齢の胎児及び妊婦に対する詳細人体モデルを構築し、その被ばく線量を精度よく計算した。その結果、従来手法では、光子及び中性子前方照射に対して最大で12-16%及び44-54%被ばく線量を過大評価していたことが分かった。これらの結果は、今後、妊婦及び胎児に対する放射線感受性の疫学調査を実施する上で、極めて重要となる。

Spectroscopy of strongly deformed Ne by proton knockout reactions

Murray, I.*; MacCormick, M.*; Bazin, D.*; Doornenbal, P.*; 青井 考*; 馬場 秀忠*; Crawford, H. L.*; Fallon, P.*; Li, K.*; Lee, J.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 99(1), p.011302_1 - 011302_7, 2019/01

AA2018-0517.pdf:0.8MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.99.011302

理化学研究所のRI Beam Factory(RIBF)にて中性子過剰核Neの低励起状態を1陽子あるいは2陽子ノックアウト反応によって生成し、そこからの脱励起ガンマ線の測定によって、エネルギー準位を構築した。1410(15)keVのガンマ線を初めて測定し、反応断面積の系統性などからからへの遷移に対応すると提案した。既に知られている準位を用いて、との励起エネルギー比2.99(6)が得られた。この値は、回転スペクトルの値に近く、Neは強く変形していることがわかった。この実験結果は、大規模殻模型計算の結果とよく一致した。