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Hamada, Nobuyuki*; Matsuya, Yusuke; Zablotska, L. B.*; Little, M. P.*
Mutation Research; Reviews in Mutation Research, 795, p.108531_1 - 108531_38, 2025/01
Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：98.76(Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology)Biological effects of ionizing radiation vary not merely with total dose but also with temporal dose distribution. While sparing dose protraction effects where dose protraction reduces effects of radiation have widely been accepted and generally assumed in radiation protection, inverse dose protraction effects (IDPEs) where dose protraction enhances radiation effects have not been well recognized, nor comprehensively reviewed. Here, we review the current knowledge on IDPEs of low LET radiation. Since 1952, 136 biology, epidemiology or clinical papers have heretofore reported IDPEs following low-LET irradiation (i.e., photons, 
-rays, electrons, protons or helium ions) using cell-free macromolecules (DNA, proteins, or lipids), cultured mammalian cells, insects, animals, and human. In contrast to a growing body of phenomenological evidence for manifestations of IDPEs, there is limited knowledge on mechanistic underpinnings. This review will contribute to ongoing research into the mechanism and to the discussion of the implications of the scientific evidence for radiation protection.
Hamada, Nobuyuki*; Matsuya, Yusuke; Zablotska, L. B.*; Little, M. P.*
Mutation Research; Reviews in Mutation Research, 795, p.108530_1 - 108530_23, 2025/01
Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：98.76(Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology)Radiation-induced biological effects vary depending on the linear energy transfer (LET), which represents the quality of radiation. When exposed to high-LET radiation acutely, the biological effects are in general greater than those of low-LET radiation; however, the effects of dose protraction remain unclear. Here, we review the current knowledge on inverse dose protraction effects of high-LET radiations. To the best of our knowledge, we identified 79 biological or epidemiological papers published since 1967 on high-LET radiation, such as neutrons, deuterons, 
-particles, light ions, and heavy ions. These papers include biochemical changes in cell-free macromolecules, neoplastic transformation, cell death, DNA damage responses and gene expression changes in mammalian cell cultures of human or rodent origin, gene mutations, cytogenetic changes, cancer, non-cancer diseases (e.g., testicular effects, cataracts, cardiovascular diseases) and life shortening in non-human mammals, and induction of lung cancer and bone tumors in humans. Meanwhile, the number of the papers (i.e., 79 papers) is about half of that on low-LET radiation (i.e., 154 papers). Manifestations and mechanisms of IDPEs of high-LET radiation are far less understood than those of low-LET radiation, warranting further studies that will be pivotal to assess the implications for radiation protection.
Chadwick, M. B.*; Herman, M.*; Oblo
insk
, P.*; Dunn, M. E.*; Danon, Y.*; Kahler, A. C.*; Smith, D. L.*; Pritychenko, B.*; Arbanas, G.*; Arcilla, R.*; et al.
Nuclear Data Sheets, 112(12), p.2887 - 2996, 2011/12
Times Cited Count：2276 Percentile：99.99(Physics, Nuclear)The ENDF/B-VII.1 library is our latest recommended evaluated nuclear data file for use in nuclear science and technology applications, and incorporates advances made in the five years since the release of ENDF/B-VII.0. These advances focus on neutron cross sections, covariances, fission product yields and decay data, and represent work by the US Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG) in nuclear data evaluation that utilizes developments in nuclear theory, modeling, simulation, and experiment. It features extension of covered nuclei, covariance data for 190 nuclei, R-matrix analyses of neutron reactions on light nuclei, updates for some medium-heavy and actinoid nuclei, etc. Criticality benchmark tests with a transport simulation code MCNP shows improved performances.
