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Tsuru, Tomohito; Han, S.*; Matsuura, Shutaro*; Chen, Z.*; Kishida, Kyosuke; Lobzenko, I.; Rao, S.*; Woodward, C.*; George, E.*; Inui, Haruyuki*
Nature Communications (Internet), 15, p.1706_1 - 1706_10, 2024/02
Times Cited Count：0Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) have attracted attention because of their potential for use in ultrahigh-temperature applications. Unfortunately, their body-centered-cubic (BCC) crystal structures make them more brittle than the ductile and fracture-resistant face-centered-cubic (FCC) HEAs. RHEAs also display significantly lower creep strengths than a leading Ni-base superalloy and its FCC matrix. To overcome these drawbacks and develop RHEAs into viable structural materials, improved fundamental understanding is needed of factors that control strength and ductility. Here we investigate two model RHEAs, TiZrHfNbTa and VNbMoTaW, and show that the former is plastically compressible down to 77 K, whereas the latter is not below 298 K. We find that hexagonal close-packed (HCP) elements in TiZrHfNbTa lower its dislocation core energy, increase its lattice distortion, and lower its shear modulus relative to VNbMoTaW whose elements are all BCC, leading to the formers higher ductility and modulus-normalized yield strength. Consistent with our yield strength models, primarily screw dislocations are present in TiZrHfNbTa after deformation, but equal numbers of edge and screw segments in VNbTaMoW. Dislocation cores are compact in VNbTaMoW and extended in TiZrHfNbTa, and different macroscopic slip planes are activated in the two RHEAs, which we attribute to the concentration of HCP elements. Our findings demonstrate how electronic structure changes related to the ratio of HCP to BCC elements can be used to control strength, ductility, and slip behavior to develop the next generation of high-temperature materials for more efficient power plants and transportation.
Tsuru, Tomohito; Lobzenko, I.; Ogata, Shigenobu*; Han, W.-Z.*
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 28, p.1013 - 1021, 2024/01
Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Some solute atoms induce hardening and embrittlement in body-centered-cubic refractory metals. Especially interstitial oxygen has a dramatic hardening effect in Nb, where the yield stress of oxygen-doped Nb alloys becomes more than twice as high as that of pure Nb. Conventional mechanisms cannot explain the oxygen-induced dramatic hardening since the interaction between dislocation and oxygen is relatively weak. Here, we focused on the three-body interaction of a screw dislocation with oxygen and vacancy. Our first-principles calculations revealed that the formation of vacancy-oxygen pair enhances the attractive interaction with a screw dislocation though the interaction between oxygen and dislocation is repulsive. Furthermore, this feature was found to be a unique nature of oxygen in Nb. The vacancy-oxygen pair increases the energy barrier for dislocation motion more significantly than an isolated vacancy and oxygen interstitial. We have discovered a new oxygen-induced mechanism: a unique octahedral-tetrahedral shuffling process of oxygen dominantly contributes to the dramatic hardening. Thus, the widely distributed vacancy-oxygen pairs behave as strong obstacles for dislocation motion that causes damage accumulation and successive hardening in oxygen-doped BCC alloys.
Lobzenko, I.; Tsuru, Tomohito; Shiihara, Yoshinori*; Iwashita, Takuya*
Materials Research Express (Internet), 10(8), p.085201_1 - 085201_12, 2023/08
Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Unlike alloys with a crystal lattice, metallic glasses (MG) do not possess distinctive defects but demonstrate a highly heterogeneous response to mechanical deformation, even in near-elastic regimes. The difficulties in describing such non-uniform behavior hamper the prediction of the mechanical properties of MGs. We apply first-principles calculations of atomic stress in CuZr MG to reveal its response to shear strain. That approach allows one to probe such parameters as displacement vector, charge transfer, or change in chemical bonds on the lowest atomic level. We find correlations between the mentioned parameters and show the importance of atomic von Mises stress in the comprehensive description of the mechanical state of a glassy system.
Lobzenko, I.; Wei, D.*; Itakura, Mitsuhiro; Shiihara, Yoshinori*; Tsuru, Tomohito
Results in Materials (Internet), 17, p.100364_1 - 100364_7, 2023/03
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have received attention for their excellent mechanical and thermodynamic properties. A recent study revealed that Co-free face-centered cubic HEAs carried a potential to improve strength and ductility, which is of high importance for nuclear materials. Here, we implemented first-principles calculations to explore the fundamental mechanism of improving mechanical properties in Co-free HEA. We found that the local lattice distortion of Co-free HEA is more significant than that of the well-known Cantor alloy. In addition, the short-range order formation in Co-free HEA caused highly fluctuated stacking fault energy. Thus, the significant local lattice distortion and the non-uniform solid solution states composed of low- and high-stacking fault regions contribute to improving strength and ductility.
Wei, D.*; Gong, W.; Tsuru, Tomohito; Lobzenko, I.; Li, X.*; Harjo, S.; Kawasaki, Takuro; Do, H.-S.*; Bae, J. W.*; Wagner, C.*; et al.
International Journal of Plasticity, 159, p.103443_1 - 103443_18, 2022/12
Times Cited Count：27 Percentile：98.49(Engineering, Mechanical)Kurihara, Kensuke*; Lobzenko, I.; Tsuru, Tomohito; Serizawa, Ai*
Keikinzoku, 72(7), p.427 - 429, 2022/07
Nanoclusters formed of the Al-Mg-Si alloy affect the aging behavior of the alloy depending on the formation temperature. Since Al, Mg and Si have adjacent atomic numbers, it is difficult to analyze them using the X-ray diffraction method. Therefore, in recent years, Al-Mg-Ge alloys in which Si is replaced with the homologous element Ge have been used. Attempts have been made to analyze the structure of the precipitate. In this study, we quantitatively evaluate the interaction between solute atoms and pores in Al-Mg-Si alloys and Al-Mg-Ge alloys using first-principles calculations based on the density general function theory, and solute atoms. From the viewpoint of bond stability between pores and pores, the precipitation behavior of both alloys was compared and examined.
Tsuru, Tomohito; Lobzenko, I.; Wei, D.*
Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 30(2), p.024003_1 - 024003_11, 2022/03
Times Cited Count：8 Percentile：77.62(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)High-entropy alloys (HEA) have been receiving increased attention for their excellent mechanical properties. Our recent study revealed that Si-doped face-centered cubic (FCC) HEAs have great potential to improve both strength and ductility. Here, we carried out first-principles calculations in cooperation with Monte Carlo simulation and structural factor analysis to explore the effect of Si addition on the macroscopic mechanical properties. As a result, Si addition increased the local lattice distortion and the stacking fault energy. Furthermore, the SRO formation in Si-doped alloy caused highly fluctuated SF energy. Thus, the heterogeneous solid solution states in which low and high SF regions are distributed into the matrix were nucleated. This unique feature in Si-doped FCC-HEA induces ultrafine twin formation in Si-doped alloys, which can be a dominant factor in improving both strength and ductility.
Wei, D.*; Wang, L.*; Zhang, Y.*; Gong, W.; Tsuru, Tomohito; Lobzenko, I.; Jiang, J.*; Harjo, S.; Kawasaki, Takuro; Bae, J. W.*; et al.
Acta Materialia, 225, p.117571_1 - 117571_16, 2022/02
Times Cited Count：59 Percentile：99.75(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Kurihara, Kensuke*; Lobzenko, I.; Tsuru, Tomohito; Serizawa, Ai*
Keikinzoku, 72(2), p.47 - 53, 2022/02
Nanoclusters formed in Al-Mg-Si alloys affect the aging behavior of the alloys depending on the formation temperature. In the present study, first-principles calculations were carried out to evaluate the two- and three-body interactions between Mg, Si atoms and vacancies in the Al matrix and to estimate the effect of local bond structures on the formation of nanoclusters. Monte Carlo simulations were subsequently performed to investigate the stable structure of nanocluster formed in Al-Mg-Si alloy. We found that Mg-Si bond and Si-Vac bond were stable in Al matrix. The result showed that the solute atoms are easy to aggregate with another type of atoms and that Si atom had a strong attractive interaction with a vacancy. Mg-Si-vacancy three-body bond were more stable than Mg-Si two-body bond and Si-vacancy two-body bond in Al matrix. Therefore, vacancies were strongly trapped within the cluster region due to the stable local bonds composed of Mg and Si atoms which indicates that the nanoclusters in Al matrix were thermally stabilized by the stable bonds between solute atoms and vacancy. In addition, these results suggested that inner bonds of nanocluster played a significant role in not only the thermal stability but also the formation and growth behavior of nanoclusters during aging at low temperatures.
Shiihara, Yoshinori*; Kanazawa, Ryosuke*; Matsunaka, Daisuke*; Lobzenko, I.; Tsuru, Tomohito; Koyama, Masanori*; Mori, Hideki*
Scripta Materialia, 207, p.114268_1 - 114268_4, 2022/01
Times Cited Count：12 Percentile：73.14(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)This study reports grain boundary (GB) energy calculations for 46 symmetric-tilt GBs in 
-iron using molecular mechanics based on an artificial neural network (ANN) potential and compares the results with calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT), the embedded atom method (EAM), and the modified EAM (MEAM). The results by the ANN potential are in excellent agreement with those of the DFT (5% on average), while the EAM and MEAM significantly differ from the DFT results (about 27% on average). In a uniaxial tensile calculation of GB, the ANN potential reproduced the brittle fracture tendency of the GB observed in the DFT while the EAM and MEAM mistakenly showed ductile behaviors. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the ANN potential in calculating grain boundaries of iron, which is in high demand in modern industry.
Tsuru, Tomohito; Lobzenko, I.; Yuge, Koretaka*; Aoyagi, Yoshiteru*; Shimokawa, Tomotsugu*; Kubo, Momoji*; Ogata, Shigenobu*
no journal, ,
In the present study, we investigated the short-range order and the core structure of dislocations in body centered cubic (BCC) HEAs using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Special quasirandom structures (SQS) scheme was employed to mimic randomly-distributed five-component BCC-HEAs with equiatomic fraction. According to the phase stability based on DFT calculations, MoNbTaVW and ZrNbTaTiHf HEAs are taken as the typical cases of energetically stable and unstable BCC-HEAs.
Tsuru, Tomohito; Lobzenko, I.; Shiihara, Yoshinori*; Wei, D.*; Yamashita, Shinichiro; Itakura, Mitsuhiro; 10 of others*
no journal, ,
High entropy alloys (HEAs) are chemically complex single- or multi-phase alloys with crystal structures. There are no major components but five or more elements are included with near equiatomic fraction. In such a situation, deformation behavior can no longer be described by conventional solid solution strengthening model. Some HEAs, indeed, show higher strengthening behavior and anomalous slip. However, the mechanisms of these features have yet to be understood. Dislocation structure and motion should be the key to identify the unique feature of mechanical properties of HEAs. In the present study, we investigated the core structure of dislocations in body centered cubic (BCC) HEAs using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The Random structure and ZrNbTaTiHf and the SRO structure obtained from the 800 K MC calculation in two BCC-HEA MoNbTaVW was prepared. Then, the energy distribution when the dislocation dipoles were introduced at 135 sites were calculated. We found that the dislocation formation energy is smaller in ZrNbTaTiHf, which has a large difference in MSAD and a large lattice distortion.
Lobzenko, I.; Tsuru, Tomohito
no journal, ,
Lobzenko, I.; Tsuru, Tomohito
no journal, ,
Tsuru, Tomohito; Lobzenko, I.; Han, S.*; Chen, Z.*; Kishida, Kyosuke; Inui, Haruyuki*
no journal, ,
In this study, the effect of the constituent elements on the mechanical properties of the ternary BCC medium entropy alloy (MEA) model was investigated by the first-principles calculation. For NbTiZr with different composition as BCC-MEA, we construct an atomic model with random solid solution and short-range ordered (SRO) structure obtained from Monte Carlo analysis. For each of the Random structure and SRO structure, various bulk properties related to the formation of the SRO, mean square atomic displacement (MSAD), elastic properties, stacking defects, twins, etc. are investigated. The formation energy and distribution of dislocation dipoles were evaluated by first-principles calculation of the dislocation structure, and the influence of Group 4 elements was examined.
Tsuru, Tomohito; Lobzenko, I.
no journal, ,
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are defined as alloys with a crystal structure consisting of a mixture of five or more elements in high concentration. However, the mechanism of the observed simultaneous increase in strength and ductility and the excellent mechanical properties of some HEAs has not been understood. In the present study, the origin of the mechanical properties of HEA was investigated by atomistic simulations based on first-principles calculations. As a result, the local lattice distortion and the formation of short-range order (SRO) structure were reproduced in alloy systems with FCC structure. It was found that in some alloy systems, a significant change in stacking fault energy for SRO formation contributes to the improvement of macroscopic mechanical properties.
Tsuru, Tomohito; Lobzenko, I.
no journal, ,
Dislocation has been regarded as the essential lattice defect in plastic deformation, especially in metallic materials. The fundamental properties of the dislocation core have a dominant influence on the intrinsic ductility or brittleness of materials. The interaction between dislocations and other crystal defects plays a critical role in determining the mechanical properties of metals. Especially, plastic deformation in BCC metals is achieved by a fundamental motion of screw dislocations through a kink mechanism. In the present study, we evaluated softening/strengthening behavior of dilute and highly-concentrated BCC alloys by the first-principles calculations. The introduction of dislocations within our periodic cell was accomplished by applying a continuum linear elastic theory solution for the periodic dislocation dipole array. Then, we proposed new analytical models describing the kink process of screw dislocations, in which the fundamental properties are evaluated by the electronic structure calculations. The analytical models based on the solid solution and the line-tension model were applied efficiently to predict the fundamental mechanical properties.
Lobzenko, I.; Tsuru, Tomohito
no journal, ,
Excellent mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys (HEA), such as increased strength and high ductility, have recently became a subject of extensive studies. First-principles modeling of HEA is complicated by the essential randomness of the atomic structure, which requires large systems. Therefore, classical molecular dynamics is one of the best tools for studying mechanical properties of HEAs. On the other hand, there is a lack of interatomic potentials due to rather low accuracy of embedded atom type potentials in the case of alloying of many elements in close concentrations. That is why a relatively new approach based on artificial neural networks should be employed to build interatomic potentials for such materials as HEA. Current work discusses two new potentials for medium entropy ternary alloys MoNbTa and ZrNbTa. The technique of machine learning allows effective fitting of the data set calculated using the quantum mechanics approach. We have verified the quality of our potentials by comparing elastic constants values with results of first-principles modeling. Comparing two alloys we found that bulk modulus and elastic constants become smaller if Mo is substituted with Zr. Also, the change in C11 and C12 components show that the material comes closer to the elastic instability region.
Lobzenko, I.; Shiihara, Yoshinori*; Tsuru, Tomohito
no journal, ,
High-entropy alloys (HEA) are excellent structural materials due to their promising mechanical properties. Works on body-centered cubic (BCC) HEAs show increased ductility if group 4 elements are present in the composition. Theoretical studies of that effect by first-principles modeling are complicated by the essential randomness of HEA atomic structure, which requires large systems. To achieve high accuracy in classical molecular dynamics we have developed interatomic potentials using machine learning of artificial neural networks (we refer to them as ANN potentials). We present in the current work results for two medium-entropy alloys (MEA): MoNbTa and ZrNbTa. Comparison of basic mechanical properties show decrease of bulk modulus and elastic constants if Mo is substituted with group 4 element Zr. Edge and screw dislocations are studied. Classical modelling allows construction of big calculation cells, that prevents self-interaction of the dislocation core due to long-range stress field. Moreover, big cells ensures better randomness of alloys, which is vital in simulations of HEA and MEA mechanical properties. Screw dislocation movement is induced by applying shear strain. In case of edge dislocation the shape and energy is studied in the process of migration of the dislocation core between two adjacent easy core configurations. In this way the Peierls barrier is calculated. Results for two MEA are compared to elucidate the role of group 4 element. Finally, to understand the stress field of dislocations we employ atomic stress calculation scheme in the framework of ANN potentials. Atomic stress calculations is possible based on virial stress definition due to the fact that atomic energy in the ANN scheme ultimately depends on pair distances between atoms.
Tsuru, Tomohito; Lobzenko, I.
no journal, ,
In highly-concentrated alloys such as high-entropy alloys (HEAs) and gum metals, excellent mechanical properties that achieve strength with sufficient ductility and toughness have been discovered. Recent studies have confirmed that HEA with BCC structure exhibits unique mechanical behavior that cannot be explained by solid solution strengthening of highly-concentrated alloys. In this study, the origin of the unique mechanical properties is investigated using first-principles calculations, a linear tension model, and a machine learning potential based on the dataset from first-principles calculations. Our calculations reveal that the relatively high strength and peculiar slip anisotropy observed in TiZrNbHfTa are due to intrinsic properties of dislocation motion caused by high concentrations of group IV elements. The effect of these features on dislocation motion is reproduced using a line tension model of dislocations, which qualitatively shows that highly-fluctuated potential energy surfaces lead to heterogeneous kink formation and an increase in the yield stress.
