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Journal Articles

Reliability of J-PARC accelerator system over the past decade

Yamamoto, Kazami; Hasegawa, Kazuo; Kinsho, Michikazu; Oguri, Hidetomo; Hayashi, Naoki; Yamazaki, Yoshio; Naito, Fujio*; Yoshii, Masahito*; Toyama, Takeshi*

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 33, p.011016_1 - 011016_7, 2021/03

The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is a multipurpose facility for scientific experiments. The accelerator complex consists of a 400-MeV Linac, a 3-GeV Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) and a 30-GeV Main Ring synchrotron (MR). The RCS delivers a proton beam to the neutron target and MR, and the MR delivers the beams to the neutrino target and the Hadron Experimental Facility. The first operation of the neutron experiments began in December 2008. Following this, the user operation has been continued with some accidental suspensions. These suspensions include the recovery work due to the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 and the radiation leak incident at the Hadron Experimental Facility. In this report, we summarize the major causes of suspension, and the statistics of the reliability of J-PARC accelerator system is analyzed. Owing to our efforts to achieve higher reliability, the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) has been improved.

Journal Articles

Phase space formation of high intensity 60 and 80 mA H$$^-$$ beam with orifice in J-PARC front-end

Shibata, Takanori*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Nammo, Kesao*; Liu, Y.*; Otani, Masashi*; Naito, Fujio*; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Okabe, Kota; Kondo, Yasuhiro; et al.

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 33, p.011010_1 - 011010_6, 2021/03

Together with the intensity upgrade in J-PARC Linac Front-End, improvement of RFQ transmission ratio is an important task. This RFQ transmission ratio depends strongly upon the solenoid current settings in the low energy beam transport line (LEBT). In the present study, high beam current cases (72 mA and 88 mA H$$^-$$ beam current in LEBT) are investigated at a test-stand. Phase space distributions of the H$$^-$$ beam particles at the RFQ entrance are measured and compared with numerical results by Particle-In-Cell simulation. As a result, it has been clarified that a 15 mm $$phi$$ orifice for differential pumping of H$$_2$$ gas coming from the ion source plays a role as a collimator in these beam conditions. This leads to change the beam emittance and Twiss parameters at the RFQ entrance. Especially in the condition with the beam current up to 88 mA in LEBT, the beam collimation contributes to optimize the phase space distribution to the RFQ acceptance with relatively low solenoid current settings. As a higher solenoid current setting would be necessary to suppress the beam expansion due to high space charge effect, these results suggest that current-saving of the solenoids can be possible even in the higher beam intensity operations.

Journal Articles

Development of long pulse arc driven ion source for iBNCT

Shibata, Takanori*; Sugimura, Takashi*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Takagi, Akira*; Sato, Masaharu*; Naito, Fujio*; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Hasegawa, Kazuo

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 33, p.011009_1 - 011009_6, 2021/03

Upgrade of beam current in the Linac of Ibaraki Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (iBNCT) is one of the most important requirements to realize clinical trial. By 2018, the measurement of the produced neutrons characteristics and the neutron irradiation experiment for living cells have been done by producing 8-MeV proton beam current at the beryllium target with average current up to 2 mA. In order to satisfy the original clinical trial conditions, 5 mA average beam current is required at the target. For this goal, peak beam current extracted from the ion source should be increased to 60 mA from the present 30 mA with duty factor up to more than 10% (pulse width up to 1 ms and repetition rate up to more than 100 Hz). Stability of the peak current in the macro pulse is also important for the clinical application.

Journal Articles

Disk and washer coupled cavity linac design and cold-model for muon linac

Otani, Masashi*; Futatsukawa, Kenta*; Mibe, Tsutomu*; Naito, Fujio*; Hasegawa, Kazuo; Ito, Takashi; Kitamura, Ryo; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Morishita, Takatoshi; Iinuma, Hiromi*; et al.

Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 1350, p.012097_1 - 012097_7, 2019/12

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:73.65

A disk and washer (DAW) coupled cavity linac (CCL) has been developed for a middle velocity part in a muon linac to measure muon anomalous magnetic moment and search for electric dipole moment. I will accelerate muons from $$v/c$$ = $$beta$$ = 0.3 to 0.7 at an operational frequency of 1.3GHz. In this poster, the cavity design, beam dynamics design, and the cold-model measurements will be presented.

Journal Articles

The First replacement of the RF window of the ACS cavity

Tamura, Jun; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Morishita, Takatoshi; Naito, Fujio*; Otani, Masashi*; Nemoto, Yasuo*

Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 1350, p.012079_1 - 012079_6, 2019/12

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.06

In 2013, the Annular-ring Coupled Structure (ACS) cavities were installed to the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) linac. Since then, the ACS cavities have been stably running. Although any serious problem induced by the RF window had not yet observed, we decided to replace the RF window of one ACS cavity by the newly manufactured one. The major motivations of the replacement are to check the surface condition of the RF window which have been under operation for nearly five years, to confirm that the new RF window fully meets specifications, and to learn how much time is required for high-power conditioning of the new RF window. By making use of the summer maintenance period of 2018, we carried out the replacement. This was the first experience for us to replace the RF window installed to the ACS cavity in the linac accelerator tunnel. As for the removed RF window, there was no any abnormal warning found with the visual examination. At the resuming of the cavity operation after the maintenance period, we conducted the high-power conditioning in a measured manner. It took around fifty hours so that the targeted peak power was stably input to the cavity through the new RF window. The ACS cavity with the new RF window is now stably operating.

Journal Articles

VSWR adjustment for ACS cavity in J-PARC linac

Tamura, Jun; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Morishita, Takatoshi; Naito, Fujio*; Otani, Masashi*; Nemoto, Yasuo*

Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 1350, p.012080_1 - 012080_6, 2019/12

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.06

In the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) linac, negative hydrogen beams are accelerated from 190 MeV to 400 MeV by Annular-ring Coupled Structure (ACS) cavities. The RF input coupler of the ACS21 cavity, which is the twenty-first (the last) accelerating cavity in the order of beam acceleration, had a comparatively larger Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) value than the other ACS cavities. Therefore, we designed and manufactured a rectangular waveguide which has a capacitive iris to adjust the coupling factor of the ACS21 cavity. By making use of the summer maintenance period in 2018, we installed the newly manufactured waveguide to the cavity. Consequently, the VSWR of the ACS21 was successfully decreased to the target value which leads to the critical coupling under the nominal accelerating condition with 50-mA peak beam current.

Journal Articles

Status of J-PARC accelerators

Hasegawa, Kazuo; Kinsho, Michikazu; Oguri, Hidetomo; Yamamoto, Kazami; Hayashi, Naoki; Yamazaki, Yoshio; Naito, Fujio*; Yoshii, Masahito*; Toyama, Takeshi*; Yamamoto, Noboru*; et al.

Proceedings of 16th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.1235 - 1239, 2019/07

After the summer shutdown in 2018, the J-PARC restarted user operation in late October. While beam power to the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) was 500 kW as before the summer shutdown, linac beam current was increased from 40 to 50 mA. Operation of the Main Ring (MR) was suspended due to the modification and/or maintenance of the Superkamiokande (neutrino detector) and Hadron experimental facility. The user operation was resumed in the middle of February for the Hadron experimental facility at 51 kW. But on March 18, one of the bending magnets in the beam transport line to the MR had a failure. It was temporary recovered and restored beam operation on April 5, but the failure occurred again on April 24 and the beam operation of the MR was suspended. In the fiscal year of 2018, the availabilities for the MLF, neutrino and hadron facilities are 94%, 86%, and 74%, respectively.

Journal Articles

Numerical and experimental study of H$$^{-}$$ beam dynamics in J-PARC LEBT

Shibata, Takanori*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Liu, Y.*; Miura, Akihiko; Naito, Fujio*; Nammo, Kesao*; Oguri, Hidetomo; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Otani, Masashi*; Shinto, Katsuhiro; et al.

Proceedings of 29th International Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC 2018) (Internet), p.519 - 521, 2019/01

Transport process of negative hydrogen ion (H$$^{-}$$) in LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport) is investigated by comparison of experimental and numerical results. A three dimensional Particle-In-Cell (PIC) particle transport model has been developed in order to take into account (i) axial magnetic field by two solenoids in J-PARC LEBT and (ii) radial electric field by space charge (SC) effect. Ratio of H$$^-$$ beam particles inside the RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) acceptance to the total particles at the RFQ entrance is calculated for different current conditions in LEBT solenoid 1 and 2. The results are compared with RFQ transmission rate measured in the J-PARC linac commissioning. The double peak of RFQ transmission rate to the solenoid applied current seen in the measurement is explained by the calculation results. The results indicate that presence of the LEBT orifice for differential pumping plays a role as a collimator to reduce emittance at RFQ entrance.

Journal Articles

Status of development on LaB$$_6$$ filament arc-driven multi-cusp ion source for iBNCT

Shibata, Takanori*; Takagi, Akira*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Sugimura, Takashi*; Nammo, Kesao*; Naito, Fujio*; Kobayashi, Hitoshi*; Kurihara, Toshikazu*; Honda, Yosuke*; Sato, Masaharu*; et al.

Proceedings of 15th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.385 - 387, 2018/10

Journal Articles

Observation of plasma density oscillation with doubled value of RF frequency in J-PARC RF ion source

Shibata, Takanori*; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Takagi, Akira*; Oguri, Hidetomo; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Nammo, Kesao*; Naito, Fujio*

AIP Conference Proceedings 2011, p.020008_1 - 020008_3, 2018/09

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:91.9

Journal Articles

Low-reflection RF window for ACS cavity in J-PARC linac

Tamura, Jun; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Morishita, Takatoshi; Ao, Hiroyuki*; Naito, Fujio*; Otani, Masashi*; Nemoto, Yasuo*

Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 1067(5), p.052009_1 - 052009_6, 2018/09

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.11

In the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) linac, the Annular-ring Coupled Structure (ACS) cavities have been stably operating. To maintain this operation availability, we manufactured three pillbox-type RF windows for the ACS cavities in fiscal year 2015 and 2017. It is desirable to minimize the RF reflection of the RF window to prevent standing waves from exciting between the cavity and the RF window, and not to significantly change the optimized coupling factor between the cavity and the waveguide. To realize the minimization, the relative permittivities of the ceramic disks of the RF windows were evaluated by measuring the resonant frequencies of the pillbox cavity containing the ceramic disk. On the basis of the evaluated relative permittivities, the pillbox-part lengths of the RF windows were determined. The measured Voltage Standing Wave Ratios (VSWRs) of the manufactured RF windows are just about 1.08 and these are applicable for the practical use.

Journal Articles

Status of J-PARC accelerators

Hasegawa, Kazuo; Kinsho, Michikazu; Oguri, Hidetomo; Yamamoto, Kazami; Hayashi, Naoki; Yamazaki, Yoshio; Naito, Fujio*; Yoshii, Masahito*; Yamamoto, Noboru*; Koseki, Tadashi*

Proceedings of 15th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.1317 - 1321, 2018/08

After the summer shutdown in 2017, the J-PARC restarted user operation in late October. The Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) used a spare target and the beam power was limited to 150-200kW. The target was replaced with a new one in the summer shutdown. The beam power was for user operation gradually increased from 300 kW to 500 kW. We have successfully demonstrated 1MW 1hour operation in July 2018. The beam power for the neutrino experimental facility (NU) was 440 kW to 470 kW. The beam was delivered to the hadron experimental facility (HD) from January to February in 2018. The repetition rate of the main ring was shortened from 5.52 to 5.20 seconds, the beam power was increased from 44 to 50 kW. From March 2018, we delivered to the NU at 490 kW stably. In the fiscal year of 2017, the availabilities for the MLF, NU and HD are 93%, 89% and 66%, respectively.

Journal Articles

Performance and status of the J-PARC accelerators

Hasegawa, Kazuo; Hayashi, Naoki; Oguri, Hidetomo; Yamamoto, Kazami; Kinsho, Michikazu; Yamazaki, Yoshio; Naito, Fujio; Koseki, Tadashi; Yamamoto, Noboru; Yoshii, Masahito

Proceedings of 9th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC '18) (Internet), p.1038 - 1040, 2018/06

Journal Articles

Status of J-PARC accelerators

Hasegawa, Kazuo; Kinsho, Michikazu; Oguri, Hidetomo; Yamamoto, Kazami; Hayashi, Naoki; Yamazaki, Yoshio; Naito, Fujio*; Hori, Yoichiro*; Yamamoto, Noboru*; Koseki, Tadashi*

Proceedings of 14th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.1317 - 1321, 2017/12

After the summer shutdown in 2016, the J-PARC restarted user operation late in October for the neutrino experiments (NU) and early in November for the materials and life science experimental facility (MLF). The beam power for the NU was 420 kW in May 2016, but increased to 470 kW in February 2017 thanks to the change and optimization of operation parameters. For the hadron experimental facility (HD), we started beam tuning in April, but suspended by a failure of the electro static septum. After the treatment, we delivered beam at the power of 37 kW. We delivered beam at 150kW for the MLF. In the fiscal year of 2016, the linac, the 3 GeV synchrotron (RCS) and the MLF were stable and the availability was high at 93%. On the contrary, the main ring has several failures and the availabilities were 77% and 84% for NU and HD, respectively.

Journal Articles

High density plasma calculation of J-PARC RF negative ion source

Shibata, Takanori*; Asano, Hiroyuki; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Naito, Fujio*; Nammo, Kesao*; Oguri, Hidetomo; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Takagi, Akira*; Ueno, Akira

AIP Conference Proceedings 1869, p.030017_1 - 030017_11, 2017/08

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:85.26

From September 2014, operation of Cs-seeded, multi-cusp, Radio Frequency (RF), hydrogen negative ion source (J-PARC source) has been started. The operation for 1,000 hours of J-PARC source has been achieved with H$$^{-}$$ beam current 45 mA and duty factor of 1.25 % (0.5 msec and 25 Hz). In the present study, mechanisms of hydrogen plasma ramp-up and H$$^{-}$$ production/transport processes in the steady state (which lasts for few 100 us) are investigated by numerical modeling for RF plasma. In the simulation, charged particle (e, H$$^{+}$$, H$$_2^{+}$$, and Cs$$^{+}$$) transport, time variations of inductive and capacitive electromagnetic field, collision processes between charged and neutral (H, H$$_{2}$$) particles are solved simultaneously. The model is applied to KEK parallel computation System-A with 32 nodes and 256 GB memory in order to solve high density RF plasma up to around 10$$^{18}$$ m$$^{-3}$$ with adequate statisticity. In the presentation, time variations of plasma density distributions and average energy are shown with electromagnetic field variations.

Journal Articles

Performance and status of the J-PARC accelerators

Hasegawa, Kazuo; Hayashi, Naoki; Oguri, Hidetomo; Yamamoto, Kazami; Kinsho, Michikazu; Yamazaki, Yoshio; Naito, Fujio*; Koseki, Tadashi*; Yamamoto, Noboru*; Hori, Yoichiro*

Proceedings of 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC '17) (Internet), p.2290 - 2293, 2017/06

The J-PARC is a high intensity proton facility and the accelerator consists of a 400 MeV linac, a 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) and a 30 GeV Main Ring Synchrotron (MR). We have taken many hardware upgrades such as front end replacement and energy upgrade at the linac, vacuum improvement, collimator upgrade, etc. The beam powers for the neutrino experiment and hadron experiment from the MR have been steadily increased by tuning and reducing beam losses. The designed 1 MW equivalent beam was demonstrated and user program was performed at 500 kW from the RCS to the neutron and muon experiments. We have experienced many failures and troubles, however, to impede full potential and high availability. In this report, operational performance and status of the J-PARC accelerators are presented.

Journal Articles

LEBT commissioning of the J-PARC LINAC

Shibata, Takanori*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Liu, Y.*; Maruta, Tomofumi*; Naito, Fujio*; Takagi, Akira*; Asano, Hiroyuki; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Miura, Akihiko; Oguri, Hidetomo; et al.

Proceedings of 28th International Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC 2016) (Internet), p.251 - 253, 2017/05

After upgrade of J-PARC Linac in 2014, Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) beam commissioning of the J-PARC LINAC has been made for improving H$$^{-}$$ beam intensity extracted from Linac. Currents of two solenoid coils and steering magnets in LEBT are optimized with extraction and acceleration voltages for static acceleration in ion source (IS) which decides on an initial emittance diagram of H$$^{-}$$ beam. As a result of LEBT and IS parameter optimization, beam transmission rate of RFQ has been reached up to 96% in 50 mA H$$^{-}$$ current operation. Moreover, PIC-MC (Particle-In-Cell Monte-Carlo) simulation models developed for H$$^{-}$$ transport in LEBT. Comparison between experimental and numerical results are presented to clarify beam physics from IS exit to RFQ entrance.

Journal Articles

Development of a muon linac for the g-2/EDM experiment at J-PARC

Otani, Masashi*; Kawamura, Naritoshi*; Mibe, Tsutomu*; Naito, Fujio*; Yoshida, Mitsuhiro*; Hasegawa, Kazuo; Ito, Takashi; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Hayashizaki, Noriyosu*; Iwashita, Yoshihisa*; et al.

Proceedings of 28th International Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC 2016) (Internet), p.1037 - 1041, 2017/05

We are developing a linac dedicated to the muon acceleration. It enables us to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment with an accuracy of 0.1 ppm and search for electric dipole moment with a sensitivity of 10$$^{-21}$$ cm to explore beyond Standard Model of elementary particle physics. As a first step for demonstration of the muon acceleration, we are developing the source of slow muon with which RFQ acceleration is conducted. This paper describes status of these developments.

Journal Articles

Status of J-PARC accelerators

Hasegawa, Kazuo; Kinsho, Michikazu; Oguri, Hidetomo; Yamamoto, Kazami; Naito, Fujio*

Proceedings of 13th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.1409 - 1412, 2016/11

After the summer maintenance in 2015, user operation for the hadron experimental facility (HD) and the life science experimental facility (MLF) was resumed in the middle of October after the tuning of accelerator at J-PARC. In December, we reduced the repetition cycle from 6.0 seconds to the 5.52 seconds at the main ring (MR) and therefore, we have improved beam power to 42 kW, while it was 24 kW in April. The peak beam current at the linac by December 2015 was 30 mA, but we have increased to 40 mA in January, and the tuning was followed by the 3 GeV synchrotron (RCS) and the MR for user operation condition. As a result we improved a beam power to the neutrino experimental facility (NU) to 390 kW by the tuning while it was ranged 300 to 330 kW at 30 mA. User program was performed at 500 kW at the MLF, but it was suspended by a defect of a target in November. It was replaced for a spare one and resumed at 200 kW in February. We have several faults to stop beam operations: ventilation system at the linac by a short circuit, a vacuum leak at the RCS collimator, a breakdown of bending magnet of the MR, etc.

Journal Articles

The Muon linac for the precise measurement of muon g-2/EDM at J-PARC

Kondo, Yasuhiro; Hasegawa, Kazuo; Ito, Takashi; Artikova, S.; Otani, Masashi*; Mibe, Tsutomu*; Naito, Fujio*; Yoshida, Mitsuhiro*; Kitamura, Ryo*; Iwashita, Yoshihisa*; et al.

Proceedings of 13th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.66 - 69, 2016/11

We are developing a muon linac for the measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment and search for the muon electric dipole moment to explore beyond the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. This muon linac accelerate from room temperature to 212 MeV with normalized transverse emittances of about 1.5 $$pi$$ mm mrad. The muon linac consists of an ultra-slow muon source, a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac, an inter-digital H-mode drift tube linac (IH-DTL), a disk and washer coupled cavity linac (DAW CCL), and disk loaded structure (DLS) traveling-wave linac. In this paper, the status of the muon linac development, especially, the beam dynamics simulation is descried.

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